ABSTRACT Our study specifically delves into the synthesis of AgNPs utilizing Tinospora malabarica leaf extract fractions (Tm-LMEFs) and explore their efficacy in combating the larvae have progressed to the synthesized AgNPs (Tm-AgNPS) and the leaf methanol extract fractions (LMEFs), our investigation focused on their impact on the targeted larvae species over a 24-h exposure period. Significantly noteworthy mortality rates were observed across all Spodoptera litura and Helicoverpa armigera post-treatment, indicating pronounced efficacy. Notably, the Tm-AgNPS exhibited higher toxicity compared to the LMEFs these selected polyphagous insect pests. Quantitative analysis yielded the highest mortality (98.99%/90.44% and 55.33%/49.60%) values for the synthesized Tm-AgNPs against S. litura and H. armigera, with no observed mortality in the control group. This study marks the first instance of exploring both Tm-LMEFs, Tm-AgNPs and enzyme activity have toxicity properties against selected agriculture pests, highlighting their promising role in pest management and environmental sustainability.

ABSTRACT In this study, hydrothermal-calcination method was employed to synthesize pure vanadium oxide and zinc doped vanadium oxide powders. The crystal structure, morphology, chemical state and light absorption properties of the powders were also thoroughly analyzed. The antimicrobial effect against Candida albicans was evaluated by the circle of inhibition method and plate colony counting method. This study reveals the antibacterial mechanism of oxygen defects generating reactive oxygen species, leading to oxidative stress damage. This study not only demonstrates the potential of vanadium oxides as an efficient antimicrobial agent, but also provides a strong experimental basis and theoretical support for the design and optimization of novel antimicrobial materials by modulating the defect engineering of the materials. This finding provides a new perspective for the development of antimicrobial strategies against microorganisms and has important application prospects for the clinical treatment of Candida albicans infections.

ABSTRACT To enhance the efficiency of painless targeted nanotherapies, integrating optical imaging capabilities into nanoplatforms is gaining momentum. Our study presents a cost-effective synthesis of MoS2 nanoflower (MNF) and Indocyanine green (ICG) composites (MNF-ICG) using a physical method based on van der Waals interactions. MNF, prepared via the hydrothermal method, underwent characterization through UV-vis, FTIR, and fluorescence spectroscopy, while FESEM and XRD techniques were employed to analyse morphology and structural phase. Through electrostatic interaction, ICG was absorbed onto the MNF surface. The resulting MNF-ICG demonstrated exceptionally high optical absorbance across a broad NIR spectra, facilitating longer-wavelength photothermic imaging with increased penetration depth. In comparison to MNF alone, the composite significantly enhanced the photothermal imaging sensitivity of nanoplatforms, exhibiting notable bathochromic and hyperchromic shifts in fluorescence intensity. This innovative approach holds promise for advancing nanotherapeutics with improved optical imaging capabilities.

ABSTRACT The usage of copper nanoparticles (CuNPs) is now acknowledged as a promising therapeutic agent in the detection and treatment of cancer. This study aimed to develop a sustainable method for synthesizing CuNPs using Pedalium murex L. and characterization by SEM, FTIR, XRD & UV-Vis methods. The produced CuNPs were primarily spherical and varied in shape, and the average dimension ranged between 20 and 50 nm. The aqueous fruit juice of Pedalium murex L. contained biomolecules that serve as capping and reducing agents for the production of CuNPs, according to the findings of FTIR analysis. Various assays were used to determine the fruit extract’s in vitro antioxidant activity. CuNPs exhibited dose-dependent cytotoxicity and apoptosis promotion in A549 cells. The findings demonstrated that biosynthesized CuNPs using Pedalium murex L. fruit juice have anti-cancer properties and can be used in lung cancer treatment, particularly for early-stage intervention.

ABSTRACT In this study, we developed a novel lightweight Fe-Mn-Al dual-phase with high strength, excellent ductility, and considerable toughness. The study involved a thorough exploration of heat treatment processes and mechanical behaviour. The microstructure of the Fe-Mn-Al dual-phase steel consists of austenite and δ-ferrite. In the early stages of plastic deformation, austenite undergoes primary deformation, leading to a faster increase in dislocation density and microhardness. In later stages, strain is transferred from austenite to δ-ferrite through high-density dislocation walls, resulting in coordinated deformation of the two-phase structure. The excellent strength-ductility combination of Fe-Mn-Al dual-phase steel is attributed to multiple stages of continuous work hardening. Initially, dislocation nodes in δ-ferrite contribute to work hardening. Subsequently, high-density dislocation structures and the strengthening effect of hard δ-ferrite enhance work hardening. Finally, deformation twins in austenite, along with the TWIP effect, further increase work hardening, emphasizing the importance of these interactions in improving mechanical performance.

ABSTRACT Recently, sports monitoring sensors based on flexible wearable technology have attracted much attention. Here, we reported a P(VDF-co-HFP)/MXene-based triboelectric nanogenerator (PM-TENG) to harvest bio-mechanical energy. The introduction of MXene can significantly improve the dielectric constant of P(VDF-co-HFP), thereby achieving higher electron harvesting ability. The PM-TENG can obtain the maximum instantaneous power of 1.68 mW contacted with a resistance of 4 MΩ. Furthermore, the PM-TENG can be also integrated inside the mask to monitor changes in respiratory status before and after basketball exercise. Meanwhile, the PM-TENG installed inside the shoes can be used to distinguish different gaits in basketball, which will be used to assist in basketball training. This flexible sport sensor demonstrates potential application value in basketball training assistance.

ABSTRACT Ionic liquid 1,3-dimethylimidazolium dimethyl phosphate (DIDP) is used as a possible green inhibitor for the corrosion control of 6061 aluminium alloy in 0.25 mol/L HCl is described in the study. Study involved electrochemical methods carried out at various temperatures by changing the concentrations of DIDP. Kinetic and thermodynamic parameters were determined using the Arrhenius rate law and transition state equations, respectively. Physisorption of the inhibitor takes place and the adsorption follows Freundlich isotherm. Surface morphology was studied by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), atomic force microscopy (AFM), and energy-dispersive X-ray analysis (EDAX) techniques. Quantum chemical studies were done by the density functional theory (DFT). The maximum inhibition efficiency of DIDP on 6061 aluminium alloy was about 78% for the concentration of 1000 ppm at 303 K. The mechanistic aspects of DIDP adsorption onto the metal surface were supported by quantum chemical studies. HOMO and LUMO of the optimized structure and quantum chemical descriptors confirmed the adsorption of the inhibitor on the metal surface. Mulliken charge population was used to identify the DIDP molecule’s high electron density region, and Fukui indices confirmed the interaction between metal and inhibitor.

ABSTRACT In this study, Calophyllum inophyllum (CIO) loaded Poly (ε-caprolactone) (PCL) electrospun fibre mats were produced for potential wound healing applications. Physiochemical evaluation and in vitro characterisation of produced mats were evaluated. Average fibre diameters of the mats were determined as 0.9 ± 0.3 μm, 1.2 ± 0.2 μm, 1.3 ± 0.2 μm, and 1.5 ± 0.1 μm for PCL, PCL/CIO−2.5, PCL/CIO−5 and PCL/CIO−7.5, respectively. The contact angle values of the fibre mats were decreased up to 30 ± 5 (°) compared to oil-free PCL fibre mat, indicating improved surface wettability. The incorporation of CIO into fibre mats led to a two-fold increase in the antibacterial activity, as compared to the fibre mats composed of PCL. In vitro cytotoxicity evaluation indicated that all the fibre mats had increased cell viability compared to the control. The findings suggest that CIO-loaded PCL electrospun fibre mats have potential for use in tissue engineering applications.

ABSTRACT Cold-rolled Inconel 718 with δ phase dispersion distribution was prepared and exhibited excellent superplasticity at 950°C with a strain rate of 6 × 10−4 ~4 × 10−3 s−1. The elongation to failure of 561% was obtained at a strain rate of 1 × 10−3 s−1. Superplastic deformation accelerates the recrystallization of cold-rolled deformed microstructure, thus improving grain uniformity. The dispersed δ phase promotes the nucleation of recrystallized grains and pin grain boundaries to limit grain size. Diffusion-coordinated grain boundary slip is the main deformation mechanism of the alloy sheet during superplastic stretching. The dense dislocations in the deformed grains act as the channel of atomic diffusion in the early deformation stage. Subsequently, the material conversion between grain boundaries promotes atomic diffusion. The present results have certain reference significance for preparing and forming superplastic Inconel 718 alloy.

ABSTRACT A Ti3C2 MXene/Ti composite powder was developed through surface modification and powder coating for producing a high-performance titanium matrix composites (TMCs) by laser power bed fusion. Introducing MXene rarely changed the original sphericity and flowability of Ti powder while it slightly enhanced the laser absorption capacity of Ti powder. The printing conditions in turn affected the morphology and distribution of MXene in as-printed composites. At optimised printing parameters, majority of MXene with high structural integrity and uniform distribution remained along the grain boundaries of as-printed composites, and a combination of high surface quality, geometrical accuracy and densification was obtained. The remaining MXene played the synergy of pulling-out effect and load transfer role, which increased the yield strength from 530 to 710 MPa, while retaining good ductility (elongation of 19.8%). Compared with ASTM standard cast Ti64 alloy, our MXene/Ti composites also exhibited superior comprehensive tensile properties and excellent strength-ductility synergy.