Introduction:Climate change significantly affects environmental dynamics and public health.In Poland, rising temperatures intensify local thermal conditions.This study analyzes temperature and precipitation trends in the Kielce region based on data from the Kielce-Sukw station.The aim is to assess these climatic shifts and their impact on ecosystems and health risks, including cardiovascular diseases, providing a basis for regional adaptation strategies.Aim: The analysis focused on the course of air temperature and monthly precipitation totals for the period 1966-2023, as recorded by the hydrological and meteorological station of the Institute of Meteorology and Water Management (IMWM) in Kielce-Sukw.Results: Based on the collected data, a thermal and precipitation classification was performed, along with an extended analysis of these elements in the vicinity of Kielce.The results confirm a clear warming trend in the Kielce region, with an increasing number of months being warmer than average over the study period.A decline in the number of colder months was observed, which is a typical symptom of climate change.The average annual temperature has been increasing by approximately 0.03C per year, which translates to about 0.33C per decade and around 1C over a 30-year period.A total increase of 1.62C was recorded from 1966 to 2023, indicating a marked warming of the climate.According to the conducted projection, a further increase of about 1C is expected by the year 2028.Conclusions: Such warming not only affects natural and agricultural systems but also raises concerns for public health, as higher average and extreme temperatures increase the risk of heat stress, and cardiovascular and respiratory diseases, and exacerbate conditions such as asthma and allergies.

Introduction: Multiple myeloma is a clonal disease characterised by the proliferation of neoplastic plasmocytes, infiltrating the marrow or, less frequently, other tissues and producing monoclonal immunoglobulin or fragments thereof and a number of cytokines responsible for bone damage.Aim of the research: The aim of the study was to analyse the mental state of multiple myeloma patients with a view to diagnosis for depression and to assess quality of life using appropriate survey tools.Material and methods: Twenty-seven patients with a diagnosis of multiple myeloma participated in the study after giving informed, voluntary consent to participate in the study.They were outpatient haematology patients, aged between 48 and 79 years.Results: The study group consisted of 12 women and 15 men.As part of the study, patients were given a set of questionnaires to complete, such as the Numerical Rating Scale (NRS), Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), Life Satisfaction Scale (SWLS) by Ed Diener, Robert A. Emmons, Randy J. Larsen, and Sharon Griffin.Depressive disorders are common in multiple myeloma patients.The co-occurrence of depressive-anxiety disorders in multiple myeloma reduces quality of life in haematology patients.A higher prevalence of major depression was found in the female group and a higher level of life satisfaction in the male group.Patients over 65 years of age with myeloma rated their overall health status better than younger patients.Conclusions: The impact of pain, depression and life satisfaction in myeloma patients needs further and broader research.

Introduction: Rare genetic disorders are conditions in which the emergency medical team's knowledge of characteristic clinical and phenotypic symptoms can significantly improve the quality of the provided medical care.Aim of the research: This study focuses on assessing paramedics' knowledge of characteristic symptoms that may influence the emergency procedures in patients with rare Prader-Willi and Angelman genetic syndromes.This topic was chosen due to the lack of guidelines for emergency care of patients with genetic disorders, posing a major challenge in medical practice.Material and methods: The survey was conducted among 100 paramedics.The research took place at the Medical University of Warsaw in Poland.An author`s survey questionnaire consisting of closed-ended single-choice and multiple-choice questions was used.Statistical analyses were performed using descriptive statistics and correlation analysis.Results: Paramedics' overall knowledge of Prader-Willi and Angelman syndromes and related emergency procedures was low (around the 50th percentile in knowledge score statistics), and the results indicated a statistically significant deviation from the normal distribution (Shapiro-Wilk test, p < 0.001).Individuals of varying ages, work experience, workplace settings, educational backgrounds, and genders did not differ in their knowledge of the symptoms and emergency procedures related to these selected genetic disorders (Spearman's rank correlation, Mann-Whitney U test, Kruskal-Wallis test).The rising prevalence of genetic disorders highlights the growing need to address this issue in training and practice.Conclusions: There is a need for education and continuous professional training for paramedics regarding general knowledge and emergency medical procedures for individuals with Prader-Willi syndrome and Angelman syndrome as rare genetic disorders.Paramedics' knowledge of the symptoms and prehospital care of patients with Prader-Willi and Angelman syndromes

Invasive physiotherapy, including dry needling (DN), percutaneous electrolysis (PNE) and percutaneous neuromodulation (PNM), has become increasingly prominent in the treatment of neuro-musculoskeletal disorders. This paper explores the mechanisms of action involved in these techniques, their clinical efficacy as well as their areas of application. DN stimulates trigger points in muscles and, thus, relieves pain and improves motor function. PNE employs galvanic microcurrents to regenerate tissue, reducing pain and stimulating collagen production. PNM, in turn, alleviates pain and promotes neuroplasticity via electrical nerve stimulation. Although the abovementioned methods are generally considered safe, several potential side effects exist, such as myalgia and haemorrhage. Hence, further research is vital in order to establish the application standards and long-term efficacy of these techniques, which represent a valuable supplement to traditional physiotherapy methods.

Introduction: Pertrochanteric femur fractures are bone traumas that are difficult to manage, with a substantial rate of union failure.Excessive stress exerted on the fragmented bones can cause nonunion, which requires salvage surgery.Bone stress as the underlying mechanism of nonunion is as yet unassessable, which makes it difficult to choose the method of restabilisation.Aim of the research: We adopted an innovative method of in silico finite element modelling (FEM) to retrospectively simulate the pattern of stabiliser-bone stress distribution changes in proximal femur fractures, which may underlie the lack of osteosynthesis necessitating salvage surgery.Material and methods: FEM concerned proximal femur A2 and A3 fractures in elderly patients who required restabilisation due to a failure to achieve union.The modelling was entirely virtual, with no patient involvement at any stage, and based on X-ray bone contour projections.We chose the non-standard ZESPOL method for restabilisation, in which the stabilising system is mounted about 10 mm apart from the bone surface.Results: FEM showed the presence of substantial stabiliser-bone stress before achieving the union.ZESPOL stabilisation equalised and reduced stress, ending up in a full union.Conclusions: An outstanding difference in stress distribution between the conditions of nonunion and union after salvage surgery reaffirms the conceptual basis for the stress-induced role in union failure.ZESPOL is viable stabilisation in difficultto-treat conditions of pertrochanteric fracture nonunion.FEM can help in decision-making concerning the type of surgical repair needed for the optimal disburdening of compressive stress to accelerate osteosynthesis.

Introduction: Modern, professional nursing is moving away from the traditional nursing model, focusing on evidence-based interventions (EBP).The practical use of scientific research results in professional work which translates positively into an increase in the quality of nursing care provided.Aim of the research: Comparative analysis of professional competences of nursing staff in relation to practice based on scientific evidence in the Mazowieckie, Lubelskie, and Swietokrzyskie voivodeships.Material and methods: A total of 173 professionally active nurses working in the Mazowieckie (n = 62, 36%), Lubelskie (n = 56, 32%), and Swietokrzyskie (n = 55, 32%) voivodeships took part in a voluntary and anonymous online survey.The following research tools were used: the Standardised Evidence-Based Practice Profile Questionnaire and the Generalised Self-Efficacy Scale.The research was conducted in accordance with the descriptive statistics methodology.Results: It was found that 71% of nurses were aware of the existence of practice based on scientific evidence, and the same number of respondents claimed that EBP is a modern model of practicing the nursing profession.As many as 90% of respondents intended to expand their knowledge about the idea of EBP.Only 9% of nurses declared that they would not develop professional competences based on scientific literature.For more than half (55%) of nurses, lack of time was the main barrier limiting the use of EBP principles in their professional work.Conclusions: We can conclude the following: 1) a higher level of professional competence obtained by nursing staff directly translates into the degree of practical use of EBP, 2) evidence-based nursing practice significantly improves quality in nursing.3).Lack of time and workload limit the frequency of using EBP. StreszczenieWprowadzenie: Nowoczesne, profesjonalne pielgniarstwo odchodzi od tradycyjnego modelu opieki, koncentrujc si na interwencjach opartych na dowodach naukowych (EBP).Praktyczne wykorzystanie wynikw bada naukowych w pracy zawodowej przekada si pozytywnie na wzrost jakoci wiadczonej opieki pielgniarskiej

Artificial intelligence is transforming pathology by enhancing diagnostic precision and supporting clinical decision-making.Its application often involves digital imaging and machine learning to analyse whole slide imaging (WSI) data.AI algorithms can detect cellular abnormalities, classify cancers, and predict outcomes more accurately than traditional approaches, enabling faster and more reliable diagnoses.This is especially valuable in cancer pathology, where early detection and precise classification are critical for effective treatment.Despite its benefits, AI faces challenges, including limited data availability, algorithm validation, and seamless integration into clinical workflows.This paper reviews current literature on AI's role in pathology, highlighting its capacity to improve diagnostic accuracy and efficiency while examining barriers to broader adoption.As technology advances, AI holds substantial promise to revolutionize the discipline, ultimately enhancing patient care and reducing diagnostic errors.By addressing challenges, AI-driven pathology may soon become a cornerstone of modern healthcare.