Mg has high potential as a base metal for biocompatible metallic implants due to its light weight, biocompatibility, and mechanical properties that are similar to bone. In the present study, Mg-10Se was synthesized via a powder metallurgy method followed by cryogenic treatment (CT). It was found that cryogenic exposure to −20 °C (RF20) resulted in the best combination of damping properties (38.5% and 12.1% gains in attenuation coefficient and damping capacity, respectively) and compressive yield strength (16.7%), while liquid nitrogen (LN) treatment (−196 °C) resulted in the best ultimate compressive strength (10% increase to 260 MPa), energy absorbed during compressive testing (17.5% increase to 40 MJ/m3), and optimal corrosion rate (reduction of 59.7% to 0.273 mm/year). This study clearly highlights the role and importance of not just compositional control in improving properties but that of cryogenic treatment temperature to selectively enhance the individual properties of metallic materials to best meet end application requirements.

To address the limitations in the corrosion resistance of 316L stainless steel, ceramic reinforcements are increasingly utilized in additive manufacturing. However, their influence on corrosion behavior varies significantly. Via laser powder bed fusion (LPBF), 316L stainless steel composites reinforced with, respectively, 1 wt.% ceramic particles (TiC, SiC, SiO2, WC, Y2O3) were fabricated, and the comparing microstructure and corrosion performance was investigated in this work. The results indicated that ceramic particle addition increased porosity (0.24% to 1.40%) due to the thermal expansion coefficient mismatch between particles and matrix and defects from incompletely melted particles. Microstructural analysis revealed that LPBF-processed 316L exhibited cellular sub-grain boundaries with distinct melt pool boundaries. Ceramic particle addition refined sub-grain boundaries to varying degrees across composites, accompanied by increased sub-grain boundary density. Interfacial reactions and thermal stresses induced crack formation in SiC/316L and SiO2/316L composites. Electrochemical testing demonstrated that Y2O3/316L exhibited the highest corrosion resistance, followed by TiC/316L and WC/316L. The corrosion resistance of the as-built L-BPF 316L matrix was inferior to that of these three composites. Conversely, SiC/316L and SiO2/316L exhibited the poorest corrosion resistance. The optimized corrosion resistance of Y2O3/316L is hypothesized to result from pronounced grain refinement and the highest sub-grain boundary density, which provided abundant nucleation sites for passive film formation. Conversely, SiC/316L and SiO2/316L showed lower corrosion resistance than the as-built L-BPF 316L matrix due to elevated defect density. Corrosion morphology analysis indicated preferential corrosion propagation along melt pool boundaries in 316L, TiC/316L, WC/316L, and Y2O3/316L. In contrast, pores and microcracks in SiC/316L and SiO2/316L accelerated pit nucleation, indicating failure dominated by localized corrosion mechanisms.

The amount of scrap steel and selection of blowing process parameters are known to influence the fluid flow characteristics of the melt pool in converter steelmaking. However, few studies have considered the effects of scrap steel and blowing process parameters together. In this study, a physical model of a converter is established to investigate the influences of the amount of scrap steel and bottom-blowing process parameters on the fluid flow characteristics of the melt pool. Particle image velocimetry is used to measure the velocity distribution in the melt pool, and the stimulus–response method is used to measure the mixing time of the melt pool under different operating conditions. The results show that increasing the scrap steel ratio worsens the dynamic conditions of the melt pool. The best of the explored combinations is achieved at a scrap steel ratio of 20% and with six nozzles. The mixing time decreases as the gas flow rate increases, but the rate of decrease also decreases. Based on the results, the mixing time can be predicted from the gas flow rate and the number of nozzles. A relationship between the stirring power and mixing time of a converter using the bottom-blowing process is established.

Edge cracking severely limits the rolling yield of magnesium alloy plates. A novel lattice severe deformation rolling (LSDR) process using corrugated rolls is proposed to suppress edge cracking. Numerical simulations, rolling experiments, and microstructural analyses were conducted, with results compared to conventional flat rolling (FR), to elucidate the suppression mechanism. LSDR induces a multi-peak stress distribution and restricts metal flow, thereby reducing additional stresses responsible for edge cracking. Deformation heat generated in local severe deformation zones compensates for thermal loss, alleviates the temperature gradient between the plate edge and center, and enhances overall plasticity. According to the Cockcroft–Latham fracture criterion, LSDR effectively limits damage growth and confines damage within a single lattice, suppressing crack propagation, whereas FR produces damage values far exceeding the critical value of 0.43. Furthermore, fine grains formed in severe deformation zones, together with dislocation entanglement induced by twinning, impede crack propagation. This work demonstrates the effectiveness of LSDR and provides a new approach for mitigating edge cracking in rolled metal plates.

Metallic seismic dampers are an effective tool for reducing structural damage during seismic events. While previous reviews have often focused on cataloging device types, this review presents a deep analysis of the underlying science governing their performance. Particular emphasis is placed on advanced computational methods, such as non-linear kinematic hardening (e.g., Chaboche) and micromechanical damage models (e.g., GTN), which are essential for accurately predicting low-cycle fatigue and fracture. Furthermore, advances in materials science are analyzed, ranging from low-yield-strength (LYS) steels to self-centering shape memory alloys (SMAs). Finally, the influence of manufacturing processes (including additive manufacturing) is explored, and critical future challenges in design, modeling, and long-term durability are identified. This analysis provides a foundational resource for researchers seeking to advance beyond simple phenomenological design toward physics-based prediction of damper performance.

Hot-forming, as a typical representative forming technology of high-strength steel (HSS), is one of the most effective ways to manufacture structural components for achieving automotive lightweighting goal. In this paper, a newly-developed commercial microalloyed hot-formed steel is selected and its hot-forming is studied by experiments and simulations. The new steel has a wide undercooled austenite region, providing more suitable condition for the manufacturing of one-piece large-sized integrated parts. The high-temperature mechanical behaviors of the investigated steel show that the flow stress obviously decreases with the increase in deformation temperature, and it increases with the increasing strain rate. An integrated component assembly of the rear floor and longitudinal beam is selected as a typical one-piece integrated part when performing the hot-forming simulation to evaluate the formability. The influences of the key process parameters, namely forming velocity and frictional coefficient, on formability are further analyzed. Finally, the Latin Hypercube Sampling (LHS) method is used to generate the parameter combination and the Response Surface Method (RSM) is adopted in optimization. As a result, an optimal process parameter combination is obtained and its predicted result matches the simulated one very well, with a relative error of only 2.57%. The research results of this paper are favorable for understanding the mechanical behaviors of the hot-formed steel at elevated temperatures, improving the formability and providing a reference for the development of large-sized integrated hot-formed parts.

A hybrid modeling framework for predicting the mechanical properties of Al-Mg-Si alloys, that blends physics-based and machine-learning models, is developed and tested. Motivated by a demand for post-consumer material (PCM) content in wrought aluminium applications, this work proposes, analyses, and discusses a parallel framework that applies an adaptive weighting coefficient derived from local observation density. Based on existing datasets from a range of Al-Mg-Si alloys, such a model is trained and tested in an iterative manner to study its robustness, by emulating a shift in observed alloy composition. The results indicate that the hybrid model is able to combine the interpolative strength of machine learning for cases similar to previous observations with the explorative strength of physics-based (Kampmann–Wagner Numerical) modeling for previously unobserved parameter combinations, as the hybrid model shows higher or similar accuracy than the best of its constituents across the majority of the sequence. The observed model characteristics are promising for predicting the effect of increased compositional variation inherent in PCM. Finally, possible future research is discussed.

This study investigates the microstructural evolution and wear behaviour of aluminium 7075-based metal matrix composites (MMCs) reinforced with high-entropy alloy (HEA) particles and fabricated via friction stir processing (FSP). A detailed characterisation of the grain refinement in the 7075 matrix was conducted, revealing significant dynamic recrystallization and grain size reduction induced by the severe plastic deformation inherent to FSP. The interaction between the matrix and HEA particles was analysed, showing strong interfacial bonding, which was further influenced by post-processing heat treatments. These microstructural modifications were correlated with the wear performance of the composites, demonstrating enhanced resistance due to the synergistic effect of precipitates and particle reinforcement. The findings highlight the potential of FSP as a viable route for tailoring surface properties in advanced MMCs for demanding tribological applications.

The present study systematically investigates, for the first time, the combined influences of detonator position (top-edge and bottom-edge initiations) and anvil material (steel and sand) on the interfacial microstructure and mechanical performance of explosively welded A1050/AZ31 dissimilar joints. When welding was conducted using a steel anvil with the detonator positioned at the top edge, significant cracking occurred both at the surface and along the weld interface. In contrast, placing the detonator at the bottom edge noticeably reduced these defects. Moreover, the use of a sand anvil nullified these defects by damping the reflecting shockwaves and minimizing vibrations. Hardness measurements revealed substantial increase at the interface under all the conditions, with the highest value observed with the steel anvil. Welds subjected to top-edge detonation showed higher hardness values compared to those of welds subjected to bottom-edge detonation. Overall, the results suggest that sand anvils with bottom-edge detonation provide the optimal weld quality. The rigid steel anvil reflects the shockwave, generating high pressure and velocity at the interface, whereas the sand anvil absorbs a part of the shock energy, suppressing high-magnitude reflections. The position of the detonator influences the propagation dynamics of the detonation wave and the resulting collision velocity, which in turn, affect the interfacial morphology and overall quality of the weld.

Conventional anticorrosive coatings suffer from limitations of low solid content and rigorous surface pretreatment, posing environmental and cost challenges in field applications. In this study, a novel high-solid-content (>95%) epoxy-polysiloxane (Ep-PSA) ceramic metal coating was prepared that enables low-surface-treatment application. The originality lies in the synergistic combination of nano-sized ceramic powders, high-strength metallic powders, polysiloxane resin (PSA), and solvent-free epoxy resin (Ep), which polymerize through an organic–inorganic interpenetrating network to form a dense shielding layer. The as-prepared Ep-PSA coating system chemically bonds with indigenous metal substrate via Zn3(PO4)2 and resin functionalities during curing, forming a conversion layer that reduces surface preparation requirements. Differentiating from existing high-solid coatings, this approach achieves superior long-term barrier properties, evidenced by |Z|0.01Hz value of 9.64 × 108 Ω·cm2, after 6000 h salt spray exposure—four orders of magnitude higher than commercial 60% epoxy zinc-rich coatings (2.26 × 104 Ω·cm2, 3000 h salt spray exposure). The coating exhibits excellent adhesion (14.28 MPa) to standard sandblasted steel plates. This environmentally friendly, durable, and easily applicable composite coating demonstrates significant field application value for large-scale energy infrastructure.