Cardiovascular disease (CVD) represents the leading global health challenge, encompassing a range of conditions that affect the heart and blood vessels, collectively accounting for nearly one-third of all deaths worldwide. Aim of the Study: This study aimed to evaluate the roles of interleukin-2 (IL-2), endothelin-1 (ET-1), and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) in cardiovascular diseases, and to investigate their associations with lipid profile parameters. A total of 120 individuals aged 45–70 years participated in this case-control study, including 60 patients with cardiovascular diseases and 60 healthy controls. Serum levels of IL-2, endothelin-1, and TNF-α were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kits. Lipid profiles-including total cholesterol, triglycerides, HDL-C, LDL-C, and VLDL-C, and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP) were assessed using spectrophotometric analysis. The levels of IL-2, endothelin-1, and TNF-α were significantly elevated in the patient group compared to the control group (P < 0.001). Similarly, lipid profile parameters, including cholesterol, triglycerides, HDL-C, LDL-C, and VLDL-C, were significantly higher in patients (P < 0.001). A significant positive correlation was observed between endothelin-1 and TNF-α, total cholesterol, and LDL-C. In contrast, IL-2 showed a significant negative correlation with HDL-C. Moreover, TNF-α demonstrated significant positive correlations with both total cholesterol and LDL-C.

The objectives of the research are to determine the factors that influence breast cancer and to study the relationship between cytomegalovirus and breast cancer. The study was conducted between January 2021 and December 2021 in Baghdad. It was found that 25 (67.56%) of the infected married women take contraceptive pills, while 12 (32.43%) of the infected unmarried women take oral contraceptive pills to regulate their menstrual cycle. The highest prevalence of breast cancer was within the age group 40-49 years for married and unmarried women, 17 (43.58%) and 10 (37.03%), respectively. 32 (48.48%) of the women had a family history of breast cancer either on the mother's side or the father's side or both. 34 (51.51%) of women diagnosed with breast cancer had no family history of cancer, and 10 (70.03%) of married women diagnosed with breast cancer depend on artificial feeding to feed their children after childbirth, 3 (11.11%) rely on both artificial and natural breastfeeding, while 14 (51.85%) of the infected women depended on breastfeeding and feeding their children. 7 (26.92%) of the married women gave positive results for the anti-CMV IgG and anti-CMV IgM , while 19 (73.07%) were unmarried. Most of the patients had a BMI between normal and obese class II. The gene of HCMV present in all patient samples (100%).