The investigation evaluates the expertise of healthcare personnel regarding the contamination of hospital ambient air with bacteria. The objective of the investigation is to establish a correlation between participant knowledge and both independent and dependent factors. Cross-sectional analytical research was conducted by three institutions in Najaf City from mid-December 2023 to May 10, 2024. Data from 515 health professionals who completed a random self-reporting questionnaire were analyzed using a statistical instrument. The primary findings suggest that the majority of participants are women, with 51.8% of them falling within the 20-29 age range. Of these women, half have bachelor's degrees (54.6%), and 44.5% have less than five years of experience. 27.0% of the professions were in a laboratory setting, and 30.1% had received training. The data indicates that 13.4% of individuals possessed a high level of general knowledge. We discovered substantial correlations between all sociodemographic factors and knowledge, with the exception of sex, which did not exhibit a significant correlation with knowledge. The survey revealed that the majority of health professionals (68.0%) possessed only middling levels of knowledge. Consequently, it is imperative that local authorities provide ongoing training to health personnel regarding bacterial indoor air pollution in order to elevate these levels. We arrived at the conclusion that there is a substantial correlation between knowledge and training programs. Additionally, we identified a statistically significant correlation between the educational attainment of the preponderance of youthful healthcare professionals.

The Tayrona were an indigenous tribe that lived in the Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta and its surroundings on the actual north territory of Colombia. The purpose of the present paper is to suggest the possibility of mushroom use in sacred rituals for spiritual purposes by the Tayrona in pre-hispanic Colombia, this obviously involving a mycological knowledge that would have included uses of fungi as nutritional edibles and medicinal sources. The uses of psilocybin producing mushrooms in the past and in present indigenous inhabitants in the Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta in Colombia is of the most ethnomycological importance and should be studied with rigor and discipline. Psilocybin in recent times has been proposed in medicine as a new way to threat anorexia, depression, anxiety, addictions, among other illnesses that affect human beings in modern times with positive results. There is a part in this document dedicated to psilocybin as a panacea of the future relating all these applications and uses to the Tayrona indigenous culture from pre-Hispanic Colombia and suggesting they had a knowledge of the brain functions and the effects of the mushrooms.

This study investigates Crimean-Congo Hemorrhagic Fever Virus (CCHFv) transmission dynamics in a slaughterhouse environment. A total of 409 blood samples from indigenous animals and 61 butchers were analyzed using an Indirect enzymelinked immunosorbent assay (I-ELISA). Slaughtered animal seroprevalence was 19.3%, higher in sheep (21.9%) than goats (13.8%). Butcher seroprevalence was 3.3%, with reasonable knowledge of zoonotic disease transmission. Significant association between butcher and animal infections was found, but logistic regression results were inconclusive, suggesting other transmission factors. Further research is needed to understand transmission mechanisms and develop targeted prevention measures.

The growing need for energy resources and the urgent needed action for climate change competing lead to conflict between all sectors on how to meet the needs without causing environmental degradation. By looking for alternatives source between the renewable resources ‫؛‬the best selection meets the needs is biofuel. Out of Biofuel types, Biodiesel is a great and clean selection of energy resources. Biodiesel prepared from many feedstocks to extract fatty acid from different generations of biodiesel, each generation has its limitation thought looking for viable and cost-effective feedstock ‫؛‬ In this paper we discuss the use of agricultural waste as feedstock for biodiesel preparation using oleaginous fungi as mini-factories.

In their article "Ancient gold pectorals from Colombia: Mushroom effigies?" Richard Evans Schultes and Alec Bright gave enough reasons to assure the reader that some goldsmithing pieces exposed mostly in the Museo del Oro located in Bogotá, Colombia that are part of the objects named "Darien Pectorals", are representations of mushrooms. This is evidence of a mushroom cult that was practiced by the inhabitants of the places where these pieces where produced and found. Some of these pieces are located in private collections and museums all over the world. Such ornaments denominated "Darien Pectorals", were not limited to a single region. They mentioned in their article that, these ornaments are not confined to one region, although their greatest concentration seems to be in the Sinu country in northwestern Colombia, near the border with Panama's Darien Province. They are found also in the Quimbaya region of Colombia, farther south." In another part of the article, we find the following: "Interestingly, one such "Darien pectoral" has been found as far north as Chichen Itza in Yucatan, where it undoubtedly found its way as an item of long-distance trade, along with other lower Central American and Colombian gold artifacts." The purpose of this paper is to contribute to the ethnomycological knowledge of Colombia, continuing what was proposed by Schultes and Bright, reinforcing their ideas with new evidence based on specialized bibliography and regular visits to the Museo del Oro in Bogotá to the Zenú Collection with the purpose of analyzing the pieces and finding indications that may suggest the possible use of hallucinogenic mushrooms by the indigenous culture of pre-Hispanic Colombia.

Desert Research Center (DRC) is one of the oldest scientific institutions dedicated to the study of the desert environment. DRC has got many specializations distributed in four research divisions, comprising 23 scientific departments that are further divided into 45 research units for the fine scientific specialties. In addition to the presence of 10 regional research stations distributed in the desert governorates of Egypt, including a station on the northwest coast, a station in Siwa Oasis, Shalatin, Toshki, New Valley, five stations in the Sinai Peninsula and to the Center for Sustainable Development of Matrouh Resources. Desert Research Centre aims to explore the natural resources in the Egyptian desert, and to develop plans to invest these resources to achieve sustainable development in order to preserve the rights of future generations This bibliography was compiled in order to shed the light on the role of DRC in the science of microbiology in Egypt since 1950.

The new species Inocybe quercicola is described on the basis of morphological and genetic features. It is characterized by medium-sized basidiomata, radially fibrillose campanulate pileus, dark brown lamellae when mature, stipe that is pruinose along the whole length, nodulose, rather small basidiospores (av. 8.8×5.5 μm, Qav.=1.53) and pleurocystidia which are similar to cheilocystidia in shape but smaller in size (19–22 × 47–65 μm). Based on the phylogenetic analysis of nuclear ribosomal ITS and LSU nucleotide sequences I. quercicola belongs into I. sect. Marginatae, subsect. Praetervisae.

COVID-19 became a major global threat that turned pandemic. The aim of this work was to assess the health nutrition awareness represented in prevention control and healthy eating habits among infected and uninfected residents of Saudi Arabia. We conducted an electronic questionnaire on social media between July and September 2020, was completed by a total of 976 Saudi Arabian residents from 8 provinces, and after validation, only 446 respondents have been included in the study (aged between 20 and 68 years, 59.64% female, 79% university-educated. The highest infection rate showed in Mecca (81.82%) due to its religious importance. The majority of infected respondents stated that they received healthcare at home (82.92%). Chronic diseases; asthma, cardiovascular, diabetes and Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) showed to be high-risk groups for COVID-19 infection that represented (20.15, 15.67, 22.39 and 13.43%, respectively) of infected populations. Most of the infected participants poorly adhered with recommended safety measures; hand wash, sanitizers, face mask and physical distancing (79%, 77%, 62% and 61%). Good intake of antioxidants from food (39.77 and 53.19% respectively). Nutrition awareness showed to be related to education level, as 75% of PhD holders adhered to healthy eating behaviour and used immune boost foods (myrrh, pumpkin and turmeric). Obtained results could represent good guidance to governmental plans for pandemic management based on predicted population behaviour for a brighter future of health and wellbeing.