The US Immigration Act of 1965 increased inflows from previously under-represented countries, mainly from Asia and Latin America. Using data from multiple US Censuses, this paper studies the wage-assimilation profiles of a group of immigrants from ‘new’ Asian countries arriving in the USA after 1965, and compares their profiles to those of immigrants from ‘old’ Asian countries also arriving in the same period. The wage-gap versus natives widens for all cohorts from new Asian countries after the second decade of stay. Cohorts from old Asian countries, who have a longer history of representation in the USA, follow the well-documented narrowing albeit concave wage-gap profiles. The differences in slopes between new and old Asian cohorts are considered in the light of comparatively larger increases in new-Asian inflows, the formation of regional occupation niches among new Asian groups and their growing segregation vis-à-vis white workers after 1965. A conceptual framework examines the case if occupations are imperfect substitutes, and natives and immigrants are worse substitutes than entrant and established immigrants within occupations—the wages of the established immigrants may fall in response to a large inflow of entrants.

Everyday Illegal: When Policies Undermine Immigrant Families. By Joanna Dreby. Berkeley, CA: University of California Press, 2015. 287 pp. ISBN 978-0-520-28340-4. Lives in Limbo: Undocumented and Coming of Age in America. By Roberto G. Gonzales. Berkeley, CA: University of California Press, 2015. 256 pp. ISBN 978-0-520-28726-6. Sans Papiers: The Social and Economic Lives of Young Undocumented Migrants. By Alice Bloch, Nando Sigona, and Roger Zetter. London and New York: Pluto Press, 2014. 190 pp. ISBN 978-0-7453-3390-8. Constructing Immigrant ‘Illegality’: Critiques, Experiences, and Responses. Edited by Cecilia Menjívar and Daniel Kanstroom. New York: Cambridge University Press, 2015. 399 pp. ISBN 978-1-107-61424-6. In the last two decades, social scientists have advanced the concept of immigrant ‘illegality’ to signify governmental-administrative systems that dehumanize millions of international migrants marking them as law-breakers and the effects of such systems on individuals and communities (Chavez 1997; De Genova 2002; Ngai 2004; Willen 2007). For those targeted, deportability becomes thus the context for social life (De Genova and Peutz 2010). This first wave of immigrant illegality studies explains much of the increase in restrictions of immigrants with a national political economy rationale: immigrants’ otherness is exploited as they work in jobs that are considered non-native while immigration laws and social practices hold their social vulnerability and precariousness in place (Calavita 2005). The four books reviewed here capture a more nuanced picture of how variation in experiences of illegality, both in terms of limitations and resistance, is based in diversification of legal and social contexts.

Border as Method is a very ambitious project. Its scope and reach are truly impressive, and it is a timely contribution to anyone thinking about borders, migration and labor in political theory, mobility studies, geography, and many other disciplines and interdisciplinary fields. And yet, I found this ambitiousness to be also this book’s greatest weakness. Mezzadara and Neilson present here a complex and mobile image of the border in the era of global capitalism. The book sails between geo-political and epistemological contexts to examine a variety of borders—borders that, like chains, both limit us and tie us to each other (as the authors beautifully claim). These are the borders between states, but also borders defining free trade-zones, socio-economic milieus, labor regimes, or borders separating various groups crossing the border; refugees from ‘economic migrants,’ skilled from unskilled laborers; they are borders set between or by languages (and raise the question of translation), or between ‘territories’ of knowledge (p. 27); and also ‘borders’ between different facets of the border itself, particularly its spatial vs. temporal dimensions. Mezzadara and Neilson show how these various borders overlap, cut across, shape, and undermine each other. Moreover, they show how these borders dissect what is presumably united by borders (e.g. citizenship), or how they unify elements that are usually regarded as completely foreign (the ties they weave between migrant care-workers and financial traders is one of the best examples).

Human mobility has forged the societies in which we live and the historical development of social science. Foundational theory in sociology, anthropology, political science, and philosophy all grapple with the phenomena of movement, social boundaries, inter-group conflicts, solidarity and the ethics of otherness. Despite these predecessors' (i.e., possessive) provenance, migration studies’ immediate progenitors—migration studies defined here as a delimited subject and field of study—are not from the realm of socio-political theory, but instead hail from policy and political paradigms: public health, demography, development and labour economics, humanitarian assistance, and law. As with other categorically determined fields of enquiry—gender/women studies; queer studies; race/ethnic studies to name a few—there is often a strong ethos that determines that legitimate work is that which somehow advances the respective subjects’ interests. While these fields have all generated rich pockets of theoretical work that speak to broad scholarly themes and disciplinary debates, political rather than theoretical rationales may well do more to determine subjects and modes of inquiry.

We examine the question of whether identity is just a ‘label’ or whether it matters in aecting outcomes, such as education, employment or political orientation, using data on Turkish and ex-Yugoslavian second generation immigrants in Austria and Germany. We begin with an empirical investigation of identity formation, with a focus on parental investment in their child’s identity, and use this to understand the impact of the child’s own identity on own outcomes, a generation later. The results suggest that identity does not have a signicant eect on education, employment and political orientation, thus suggesting that a strong ethnic/ religious minority identity does not constrain the second generation or hamper socioeconomic integration.

Journal Article Subscriptions Get access Migration Studies, Volume 3, Issue 3, November 2015, Page i3, https://doi.org/10.1093/migration/mnu069 Published: 10 November 2015

Journal Article Migration Studies - Back Cover Get access Migration Studies, Volume 3, Issue 3, November 2015, Page i4, https://doi.org/10.1093/migration/mnu066 Published: 10 November 2015

The Winner Takes It All: Internal Migration, Education and Wages in Ethiopia Previous studies of migration have mainly examined international dynamics. Yet, internal migration is an important issue, especially in Sub-Saharan Africa. Using the 2001 Ethiopia Child Labor Survey, a nationally representative household survey, this paper examines internal migration in Ethiopia, focusing on the linkages among internal migration, education and wages. The results suggest that migrants are better educated and obtain higher wages than non-migrants, controlling for other factors (including education), and also obtain higher returns to their education. In other words, the more educated reap higher returns from their education as a main effect, as well as higher returns to their education from migration than non-migrants – that is, “the winner takes it all.” This result should be of concern to policy makers in Ethiopia and elsewhere – especially in Sub-Saharan Africa – since individuals with low levels of education already are in a vulnerable group. The study therefore also discusses the policy implications of these results. JEL Classification: J24, J31, O15

Journal Article Subscriptions Get access Migration Studies, Volume 3, Issue 1, March 2015, Page i3, https://doi.org/10.1093/migration/mnu059 Published: 10 March 2015

Journal Article The emerging New Zealand jurisprudence on climate change, disasters and displacement Get access Jane McAdam Jane McAdam * *Faculty of Law, University of New South Wales, NSW 2052, Australia. Email: j.mcadam@unsw.edu.au Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Migration Studies, Volume 3, Issue 1, March 2015, Pages 131–142, https://doi.org/10.1093/migration/mnu055 Published: 10 March 2015