Generation Z is steadily joining the workforce and is anticipated to account for approximately 25% of the labor force. Companies persistently struggle to retain this group, as existing studies reveal that they tend to shift their jobs more easily, especially in their early careers. As this generation enters the labor market, organizations are striving to identify the unique factors that affect its retention. The current research in this area remains fragmented. A search using relevant strings revealed that there is no systematic review regarding the retention factors of Gen Z employees. By adopting the PRISMA protocol, this review aimed to specify the focus of studies and identify the factors influencing their retention by integrating recent empirical research on this topic. A systematic review process was applied to examine 28 papers from the WoS, Scopus, and Google Scholar databases. This review highlights the growing interest in this field of study, and Indonesia has become a major contributor. Through thematic analysis, thirteen factors influencing the retention of Gen Z workers were identified. Leadership, support, and job characteristics are the most prevalent factors that have been demonstrated to have a beneficial effect on Gen Z employee retention, followed by career development, pay and rewards, work-life balance and flexibility, organizational culture, and job satisfaction. This paper provides a clear direction for further research, as a number of research gaps have been discovered. The identified retention factors provide practitioners with insightful information and guidance, highlighting the necessity of continuously evaluating the strategies used and developing tailored strategies to satisfy their particular expectations.

This systematic review integrates the scientific procedure SPAR-4 methodology to analyse 268 peer-reviewed human resource analytics (HRA) papers published over 14 years. A set of data from “Scopus database” was used to visualize the research landscape with the utilization of VOSviewer software. Then this study used theories, contexts, methods, and characteristics (TCCM) framework for content analysis of HRA literature based on journal indexed in the Social Sciences Citation Index (SSCI), Emerging Sciences Citation Index (ESCI), and Australian Board of Deans Council (ABDC)-indexed journals. The study evaluates performance trends in terms of publication and intellectual structure in terms of co-occurrence keywords, citation networks, bibliographic coupling the documents, and citations cited authors. The analysis reveals that growth since the early 2010s has accelerated since the pandemic. Bibliographic coupling identifies key documents and authors, whereas keyword co-occurrence analysis reveals five knowledge clusters showing the progression of technology adoption The content analysis reveals the main theories including technology organization environment (TOE), diffusion of innovation (DOI), unified theory of acceptance and usage of technology (UTAUT), adaptive structuration theory (AST), and expectancy theory (ET), which focus on organizational performance. The highlighted methods are artificial neural network (ANN), regression, structural equation modelling (SEM), and structural topic modelling approaches in the field of HRA. Research has examined HRA applications in manufacturing, small medium enterprises (SMEs), information technology (IT) firms, public and private organizations, and hospitals, whereas education sector, corporate firms, transportation, and onsite applications remain understudied. Future research directions include blockchain, metaverse, machine learning, artificial intelligence (AI), and sustainable AI integration. Researchers should focus on smart technologies to develop human resource (HR) policies, strategies, employee satisfaction, and organizational growth while addressing financial and regulatory challenges.

In recent years, digital learning materials have increasingly replaced and complemented traditional resources, and they are gradually being standardized to ensure higher levels of accuracy and diversity. Digital educational resources have become an indispensable component of modern education, offering numerous advantages over traditional materials. They allow learners to access content anytime and anywhere, and they can vividly illustrate mechanisms, processes, and natural phenomena that conventional resources often fail to convey effectively. However, the growing integration of digital materials in education also presents significant challenges that require further consideration. Despite growing research interest, comprehensive overviews remain limited. This study aims to address this gap by systematically analysing recent research trends, influential publications, thematic focuses, and future directions in digital learning materials. A systematic review was conducted via the PRISMA framework, with Scopus selected as the primary database for rigorous quality control. The inclusion criteria included peer-reviewed journal articles in English published from 2017 onwards containing “digital learning material” or “digital teaching material” in the title, abstract, or keywords. From an initial pool of 404 articles, 45 met the final selection criteria. The data were cleaned, coded, and analysed via VOSviewer for keyword co-occurrence and network mapping. The findings reveal significant growth in publications, especially after 2020, driven by the global shift toward online learning. Sixteen thematic clusters were identified, with collaborative learning and mathematics serving as key connectors. Fifteen categories of challenges emerged, including limited generalizability and small sample sizes. Five major research directions were proposed: spanning methodology, contextualization, technology integration, teacher training, and assessment. This study provides the first systematic, PRISMA-based synthesis of digital learning materials research, offering a holistic framework to guide future scholarly and practical advancements in the field.

This article examines research related to technology-based assessment in learning, published between 2015 and mid-2025. Using a Systematic Literature Review (SLR) protocol, 105 empirical and conceptual studies were identified through the Scopus database and selected using inclusion-exclusion criteria. The final corpus data were then analyzed descriptively and thematically based on educational level, type of technology used, assessment objectives, methodological approach, and geographic distribution. The results indicate that publications about higher education and pre-service teacher education are the most common. They focus a lot on formative assessment through online platforms like learning management systems (LMS), e-portfolios, computer-based tests, and artificial intelligence-based technologies. The thematic analysis revealed five key trends: the rise of real-time, data-driven formative assessment; the expansion of digital portfolio-based reflective assessment; the integration of immersive technologies such as AR/VR and gamification; the personalization of assessment through adaptive systems; and the emergence of greater attention to equity, accessibility, and inclusion. However, research gaps remain, including a lack of longitudinal studies, limited research in underrepresented areas, and a lack of models linking digital assessment to assessment-for-learning and analytics frameworks. These findings underscore the need to strengthen educators' digital assessment literacy, institutional policy support, and ethical governance of student data. This review provides a comprehensive roadmap of the field's development, highlights outstanding challenges, and offers directions for future research and innovation within the technology-based assessment ecosystem. This overview is expected to serve as a reference and catalyst for assessment researchers to further explore gaps in maximizing the use of technology for learning assessment.

The purpose of this study is to comprehensively evaluate the aerodynamic and acoustic performance of toroidal propellers through a comparative analytical and literature-based assessment against conventional open-blade propeller designs. Toroidal propellers, characterized by their closed-loop, ring-shaped blade geometry, have recently attracted significant research interest due to their potential to improve thrust efficiency and reduce operational noise, particularly in unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) and small aircraft applications. The methodology of this study involves a theoretical analysis grounded in aerodynamic models, supplemented by a qualitative review of experimental data and published results. Parameters such as thrust-to-power ratio, induced drag, lift distribution, and tip-vortex intensity were examined to identify performance trends between toroidal and conventional propellers. The findings indicate that toroidal propellers exhibit notable aerodynamic gains, including up to a 12–18% improvement in thrust efficiency and a substantial reduction in tip-vortex losses, leading to smoother airflow and enhanced stability. Additionally, acoustic analyses report up to a 20–25 dB noise reduction compared to traditional designs, primarily due to the mitigation of high-frequency turbulence near the blade tips. In conclusion, toroidal propellers demonstrate significant potential for advancing quiet and efficient propulsion systems within the aerospace sector. Their enclosed aerodynamic configuration not only enhances fuel efficiency and environmental compatibility but also aligns with the industry’s pursuit of next-generation sustainable flight technologies. While structural complexity and manufacturing costs remain challenges, the overall benefits emphasize their strategic relevance for future urban air mobility and green aviation solutions.

This study discusses the issue of user trust in e-wallets, which is still an obstacle, even though their use continues to increase. Concerns about data security and complicated use are factors that influence users' decisions, especially students, in the use of digital wallets. Therefore, this study focuses on how ease of use and security influence the decision to transact through e-wallets, with trust as a mediator. This study revealed that the ease of use and security of e-wallets can encourage users to make transactions. When users feel that e-wallets are easy to use and safe, their trust in the service increases, which then influences their decision to make transactions. Trust is an important factor that strengthens the relationship between perceptions of ease and security and users' desire to use e-wallets. These findings emphasize the importance of the user experience and data protection in building trust and making users prefer to use digital wallets. The sample of this study consisted of 362 DANA e-wallet users chosen through a purposive sampling method. The research data were obtained from Google Forms. These data were distributed directly to students who had a DANA e-wallet and made more than 2 transactions. Data analysis was performed via SmartPLS 4 software. This study aims to examine the effects of ease of use and security on the decision to engage in transactions using e-wallets, with trust serving as a mediating variable. The variables included the transaction decision, use efficiency, security, and trust. This research needs to expand the subjects and objects and add variables that can influence transaction decisions.

Higher education institutions (HEIs) play a vital role in preparing the country’s future workforce by equipping students with the knowledge and skills needed to succeed, from enrollment to employment. This study analysed the employment outcomes of Sorsogon State University graduates from Batch 2021, focusing on trends in employment and unemployment rates by academic program, gender, and employment sector. A quantitative descriptive research design was utilized. Data were collected through an online survey of 824 graduates in the Engineering, Technology, Business and Management, Education, Information Technology (IT), and Agriculture and Fisheries programs. The study revealed that the majority of university graduates from Batch 2021 are employed, but the employment outcomes vary across academic programs. The graduates of the Technology, Business and Management, and Engineering programs had higher employment rates, whereas the graduates of the IT, Education, Agriculture, and Fisheries programs had higher unemployment rates. The gender-based trends showed that the male graduates of the Engineering and Technology programs had higher employment rates, whereas the female graduates of the Business and Management, Education, and Agriculture and Fisheries programs had better employment rates. Most graduates are employed in the private sector, with Engineering and Technology graduates leading in private sector jobs. Self-employment is more common among IT, business and management, and education graduates. There is a need to strengthen partnerships with local businesses, government agencies, and international companies to create more job opportunities for programs with lower employment rates, particularly in IT, Education, Agriculture and Fisheries. Future research may be conducted to provide deeper insights into the factors influencing the employment outcomes of graduates.

The online version of the original article can be found at https://doi.org/10.31893/multirev.2026153

This study explores the development of research on the integration of ethnomathematics in mathematics learning over the past ten years through a bibliometric analysis of 282 Scopus peer-reviewed articles. The findings indicate a significant increase in interest and number of publications. The integration of ethnomathematics in mathematics education in the future requires special attention to two main challenges: first, strong empirical validation, given that evidence of effectiveness is still limited because many studies use weak designs with small samples; second, overcoming the gap between academic theory and actual classroom practice, where teachers and students face real implementation barriers. To achieve this, ethnomathematics must be developed through four main pillars: conducting high-quality research that proves its concrete benefits in the classroom; collaborating closely with teachers and cultural practitioners as equal partners in every decision; protecting local knowledge so that it remains authentic and is not simplified; and ensuring that all students, especially those from marginalised backgrounds, are empowered to develop meaningful and contextual mathematical thinking. This research has some limitations, namely data analysis that relies entirely on quantitative approaches can miss out on deep nuances and meanings that can only be obtained through qualitative analysis such as content studies of the most influential papers or discussions with experts in this field, making use only of the Scopus database, and English-language publications that inadvertently exclude innovative contributions from non-English areas that might offer perspective unique about the integration of ethnomathematics in mathematics education. Future research that can integrate qualitative methods, expand the reach of databases, and include multilingual literature will allow for a more holistic, representative, and multidimensional understanding of ethnomathematical integration thinking in mathematics education, as well as increase the theoretical and practical significance of research findings.

The purpose of this study is to map and analyze the evolution of scientific knowledge on the relationship between innovation hubs and culture, with particular emphasis on their role as sociocultural systems within innovation ecosystems. To this end, a systematic literature review was conducted following the PRISMA 2020 protocol, using Scopus as the primary data source. From an initial corpus of 391 records, a rigorous screening and eligibility process resulted in a final sample of 64 peer-reviewed journal articles. These documents were examined through bibliometric techniques, including performance analysis, keyword co occurrence networks, and thematic mapping, supported by VOSviewer and Bibliometrix R. The findings reveal a recent consolidation of the field, with more than seventy percent of the publications concentrated between 2019 and 2025, alongside a pronounced geographical asymmetry in knowledge production dominated by the United States, China, and the United Kingdom. Beyond publication trends, the analysis identifies the progressive articulation of four core cultural forms: innovation culture, organizational culture, entrepreneurial culture, and creative culture that mediate collaboration, learning, and technological transformation within innovation hubs. The thematic map positions innovation culture and innovation ecosystems as motor themes, while creativity and cultural industries emerge as less developed but potentially relevant research lines. Despite the growing theoretical maturity of the field, significant empirical and conceptual gaps persist. These include the limited integration of multiple cultural forms within a single analytical framework and the underrepresentation of Latin American and Global South contexts. The study concludes that understanding innovation hubs solely as technical or infrastructural arrangements is insufficient. Their effectiveness depends on the cultural configurations that legitimize experimentation, cooperation, and public purpose. This research contributes an integrative perspective that repositions culture as a structuring principle of innovation ecosystems, and provides insights for future comparative research and culturally sensitive innovation policy design.