Parks provided children with much-needed play opportunities, fostering physical health, emotional stability, and social development, even in the absence of regular school activities and peer interactions. Nationally representative samples of children aged 5-9 and 10-16 years were surveyed, and data were collected for parents on psychiatric disorders using the Behavioral Assessment System of Children (BASC) and Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 (GAD-7). Additionally, disparities in access to parks due to socioeconomic or geographical factors exacerbated mental health issues, highlighting the importance of equitable urban planning. 999 respondents and 499 parents of kids between the ages of 5 and 9, 499 parent-child pairs with kids between the ages of 10 and 16 made up the sample. When factors like gender and parental education are taken into consideration, research indicates that both parents and kids living in the street corridor report increased physical activity and improved mental health. Family involvement in outdoor activities was associated with improved well-being, emphasizing the role of shared activities in building resilience. The study highlights the importance of green spaces in urban design and suggests that accessible parks can reduce epidemic-related stress.

Crowdfunding portals are social networking sites for business owners looking for financial support. However, crowdfunding research frequently ignores the significance of an entrepreneur's social influence within these networks. The purpose is to determine how an entrepreneur's social capital influences the achievement of a campaign for crowdfunding. The study employs a research methodology based on social capital theory to analyze factual data gathered from two international countries. It focuses on three aspects of social capital. A comparison uses factual data from international countries. The study framework considers the 3 facets of social capital and looks at how they affect the effectiveness of crowdfunding. According to the report, an entrepreneur's financial obligations to other entrepreneurs, connections on social media and understanding of the crowd funding initiative as a whole all greatly impact how well the project does in those countries. Cross-cultural disparities are also noted, with greater predictive potential for social capital. The greater influence of responsibilities and the stronger predictive value of social capital characteristics pose challenges for future studies and practical crowdfunding concerns.

Sustainability is becoming increasingly important in light of the significant societal and global issues that the fashion industry is facing. This review explores eco-friendly practices in apparel retail, focusing on materials, production processes, circular fashion, supply chains, and consumer engagement to reduce the industry's negative impact. The objective is to analyze these practices and identify effective strategies that apparel retailers can adopt. However, this review is limited by the availability of comprehensive global data and the rapidly evolving nature of technologies and regulations. Machine learning and deep learning methods are increasingly being utilized to enhance supply chain transparency, optimize production processes, and predict consumer behavior, contributing to more sustainable practices. Through a comprehensive analysis of market trends, the review revealed that sustainable practices can greatly benefit the environment, economy, and society. Despite challenges such as scalability, greenwashing, and the need for collaboration among stakeholders, integrating revolutionary technologies such as deep learning (DL) and machine learning (ML) is crucial for substantial progress in a sustainable manner.

Leadership has the most crucial influence on employee performance and welfare in an organization. Therefore, different styles of leadership are important to understand, how a manager can motivate employees toward increased productivity. This review examines the different types of leadership styles, such as transformational, laissez-faire leadership styles, transactional, autocratic, democratic, and their influence on employee performance. The objective of this paper is to discuss, how every leadership style affects the employees' behavior, job satisfaction, and performance in general. The review assesses the styles of leadership to fostering a healthy work environment, promoting well-being among employees, and improving productivity and job satisfaction. The review discusses how leadership styles can promote a positive work environment, improve employee well-being, and lead to better outcomes in terms of productivity and job satisfaction. In addition, it emphasizes the requirement for adapting leadership styles to different situations and individual needs within a team. Findings reveal that a flexible approach to leadership, combining elements from a variety of styles, often results in the best employee performance. In conclusion, an understanding of the connection among ideas of leadership and employee performance can guide managers to take strategies that promote motivation, engagement, and organizational success.

Employee motivation and performance suffer as an effect of job insecurity, especially qualitative job insecurity, which is the belief that possibilities for professional development, career advancement, and work quality are in jeopardy. A quantitative research design was employed, with data collected from 1,060 employees across multiple hotel departments. The study used validated multi-item scales to measure optimized cross-layer broadcasting (OCB), points of sale (POS), work performance, and qualitative job insecurity. Supervisors provided independent assessments of employees’ OCB. Structural equation modeling (SEM) was used to examine both direct and indirect connections, while mediation effects were tested via hierarchical regression analysis. However, POS significantly mediates these relationships, demonstrating that employees who perceive strong organizational support are more likely to engage in OCB and maintain job performance despite feeling insecure about their roles. Employees with high POS exhibited 23% greater OCB participation and 18% higher job performance scores than those with low POS. This study emphasizes the crucial buffering role of POS in protecting employees from the adverse effects of qualitative job insecurity. Strengthening perceived support can sustain employee engagement, promote OCB, and maintain productivity even in uncertain work situations. The findings contribute to the executive behavior literature by offering practical implications for improving workforce resilience amid job uncertainty.

Social media marketing (SMM) has turned out to be a prime factor for industries wishing to nurture brand loyalty, although the efficiency of various techniques remains a topic of increasing concern. This review examines the pivotal role of SMM strategies in assisting digital-era brand loyalty, thus showing their evolution and contemporary evaluation in modern marketing. The primary goal is to measure the influences of various SMM efforts on brand loyalty by focusing on key factors of customer engagement and retention while developing good practices and their implications for brand–consumer relationships. Among others, the review highlights some of the strategies employed in creating a loyal customer base, such as content marketing, influencer cocreation, user-generated content, and community building. However, it highlights a number of restrictions, including challenges posed by swiftly changing social media algorithms, increasing emphasis on data privacy, and inherent complexities associated with measuring the return on investment (ROI) of SMM initiatives. The results show that SMM strategizing alters the process by which brands instill loyalty in customers by enabling deeper customer engagement, trust-building, and encouragement of brand advocacy among all. Some practical recommendations are provided for these improvements, suggesting that brands themselves need to emphasize transparency, personalization, and maintaining customer engagement. Technologies involved in such personalization and automation would make the marketing campaigns more adaptable toward user preferences. Some practical recommendations suggest that brands may further yield their efforts toward precision, authenticity, and interactive commitment strategies to build long-term trust from consumers. Future studies should investigate the long-term effects of SMM on brand loyalty and the impacts that new technologies hold in shaping some forthcoming trends in digital marketing. By working through AI-based analytics and dynamic marketing strategies, firms will gain a competitive edge by leveraging more efficient SMM techniques to cater to the evolving digital landscape.

Substantial developments in the ecosystem have had dramatic effects on people's behavior preceding the introduction of the Internet. To maintain an aggressive initiative in the present hyper-competitive customers, there is a growing trend towards enhanced personalization of goods and products. The incorporation of marketing as a strategic component within an organization has emerged as a crucial aspect of contemporary economic operations. Furthermore, the appearance of communications technologies has provided an innovative framework for the execution of marketing operations. The immediate development of social networks has given rise to a creative marketing idea known as e-marketing. The development of social networks has significantly transformed how communication takes place, leading to a significant transformation in the role of individuals who actively engage as product developers within these platforms. Although this realization used to create anxiety in the hearts of business owners who feared losing control of their communication, modern businesses actively encourage customers to contribute to social media communications. According to this revolutionary approach in advertising, so-called "influencers" have an outsized effect on consumers' purchasing decisions. The influence of so-called "influencers" on consumer behavior is the purpose of this investigation. This research investigates customers' perceptions of "Influencers" and the extent to which they influence purchasing behaviors. Hence, this investigation intends to report the outcomes of the investigation into the influence exerted by "Influencers" on customer behavior, as well as to evaluate their effect on consumers' preferences for making purchases.

Blockchain technology integration alongside artificial intelligence (AI) offers significant potential for advancing supply chain management by addressing long-standing challenges such as data security, transparency and traceability. In accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) methodology, this systematic literature review examines the combined contributions of blockchain and AI to supply chain efficiency. By conducting structured and comprehensive searches in the Scopus and Web of Science databases, 22 relevant studies discussing the intersection of blockchain and AI within supply chain contexts were identified for detailed analysis. The findings indicate that the integration of blockchain technology and AI serves as a key driver in enhancing the transparency and security of real-time data shared and retrieved among stakeholders. The blockchain’s decentralized nature enables immutable, verifiable ledgers that improve traceability and reduce data asymmetry. In parallel, AI has advanced capabilities, allowing for predictive analytics, demand forecasting, and intelligent decision-making. However, challenges such as technical complexity and high implementation costs hinder broader adoption. Despite these advantages, the combined application of blockchain and AI holds considerable promise for transforming supply chains, reducing inefficiencies, and encouraging innovation. This review offers insights for researchers and practitioners seeking to leverage these technologies to increase resilience, security, and operational efficiency in supply chains.

Kindergarten is believed to have a significant role in developing communication skills in children through providing opportunities for verbal and non verbal interaction, offering a structured environment for language-rich activities, and facilitating socializing with peers. Given that, this study sought to examine the role of kindergartens in developing communication skills among kindergarten children, from the perspective of their mothers, within the directorates of education in Zarqa Governorate. The study recruited 313 mothers, who were selected using a random sampling method. To achieve the study's objectives, the study relied on a descriptive-analytical approach using several statistical methods, including frequencies, percentages, arithmetic mean, and standard deviation. The findings demonstrated a moderate role of kindergartens in developing kindergarten children's communication skills (verbal communication, emotional communication, and social communication). From the mothers' perspective, the place of residing (village) was linked to variations in the role of kindergartens in the development of kindergarten children's communication skills in the areas of verbal and emotional communication. Similarly, social communication was influenced by the place of residence, particularly for those living in the city. However, there are no differences in the impact of kindergarten on developing kindergarten children's communication skills (verbal, social, and emotional) attributable to educational qualifications. The study recommended the need to hold intensive and specialized training courses for kindergarten teachers on communication skills. It is also necessary to employ communication skills in children's daily lives on the basis of successful training and educational models. Additionally, holding intensive and specialized training courses for teachers on communication methods and strategies for developing each skill is crucial.

Tourism as one of the sectors that supports SDGs, especially in terms of the local community's economy. This study aims to analyze the influence of tourists' past experiences on their intention to revisit thematic villages in Indonesia by integrating the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) and Value Theory. The originality of the current study lies in its emphasis on past experience as a moderating variable in the revisit intention framework, particularly in the context of under explored thematic villages. A quantitative method was used with data collected through an survey of 385 tourists who had visited thematic villages on the island of Java through purposive sampling with criteria tourists have seen images or videos of their visits to thematic villages on social media platforms, and tourists have visited a thematic village multiple times. Data were obtained via an online survey via Google Forms. Data analysis used SmartPLS 4.0 and path mediation techniques to test the relationship between destination image, tourist satisfaction, social, economic and emotional values, and e-WOM on revisit intention, with past experiences as a moderating variable. The results show that past experience significantly strengthens the influence of tourist satisfaction on revisit intention, while destination image acts as the main mediator in the relationship between social, economic, emotional, and e-WOM values and revisit intention. These findings emphasize the importance of managing authentic, meaningful tourism experiences supported by digital marketing strategies to encourage tourist loyalty and the development of sustainable tourism based on community participation in Indonesia's thematic villages. These results have strategic implications for tourism village managers and policymakers in designing programs that support the strengthening of destination image and tourist satisfaction to increase sustainable repeat visits.