BackgroundPain is impacted by bio-psycho-social factors and is closely related to disability and poor quality of life. Therefore, a patient-reported outcome measure (PROM) is needed to capture these aspects effectively. The Short Form Brief Pain Inventory (SF-BPI) serves this purpose as a tool for pain assessment. However, the Danish translation (SFBPI-DK) has not undergone validation. ObjectiveAssess the validity and reliability of SFBPI-DK. MethodsIn patients with spine-related pain, construct validity was tested using Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) and convergent validity through correlations with EuroQol 5-domain 5-level (EQ-5D-5L), EQ-5D-5L VAS, Work Ability Score (WAS), and Insomnia Severity Index (ISI-7). Internal consistency was assessed with Cronbach's alpha. In individuals with musculoskeletal pain, test-retest reliability and Minimal Detectable Change (MDC) were evaluated. Floor and ceiling effects were reported for both groups. ResultsIn patients with spine-related pain (n = 329), construct validity of the SFBPI-DK was confirmed through CFA of a modified 3-factor structure. Convergent validity showed “fair” to “moderate strong” associations with EQ-5D-5L, EQ-5D-5L VAS, WAS, and ISI-7. Internal consistency was satisfactory (Cronbach's alpha 0.89–0.91). In individuals with musculoskeletal pain (n = 119), good temporal stability was demonstrated with ICCs of 0.76–0.88. The MDC for the Severity score, Interference score, and the Physical- and Affective Interference subscores were 3.37, 2.41, 3.57, and 4.01, respectively. ConclusionThe SFBPI-DK is a valid tool for assessing pain in patients with persistent spine-related pain and a reliable tool for individuals with persistent musculoskeletal pain among Danish-speaking populations.

BackgroundA French version of the Shoulder Pain and Disability Index (SPADI) is currently unavailable for clinical and research use in French-speaking countries. ObjectivesTo translate and transculturally adapt the Shoulder Pain And Disability Index (SPADI) from English to French language. DesignTranslation and transcultural adaptation of a Patient-Reported Outcome Measure. MethodsFollowing international guidelines for translating and adapting PROMs, we carried out a seven-step process involving 15 contributors. The forward translation was performed by five independent native French speakers, while five independent native English speakers conducted the blinded back-translation. A bilingual expert committee synthesized the translations, and three healthcare professionals participated in the pre-test phase. Ten patients were involved in pre-testing to evaluate the pre-final version. ResultsA final French version of the SPADI was achieved after making seven adjustments across the 18 items, instructions, and examples on the Likert scale. Changes were implemented only if at least 20% of the pre-test participants suggested modifications to enhance readability or coherence. Face validity was assessed by the expert committee. ConclusionThe French version of the SPADI is now available, enabling condition-specific self-assessment and quantitative follow-up of shoulder pain and function in both clinical practice and research. Although psychometric properties of this version are yet to be assessed, future studies are expected to confirm the preservation of the original tool's validity and reliability.

PurposeThe aim of the current study was to examine differences in trajectories of pain, disability, and health related quality of life (HRQOL) between non-Norwegian and Norwegian patients with neck and back pain over 12 months. MethodsThe study is based on data from the Norwegian Neck and Back Registry (NNRR). The data include demographics and patient-reported outcome measures such as pain rating, the Oswestry Disability Index and HRQOL. Data were collected at baseline, 6 and 12 months after consultation for neck and back pain in specialist health care. ResultsA total of 5012 patients were included. We found a significant main effect of nationality. Non-Norwegian patients showed higher levels of pain and disability and lower HRQOL than Norwegian patients. Both patient groups exhibited an improvement in all three outcomes at 6- and 12-month follow-ups. The improvement was similar for pain with the greatest improvement taking place during the first 6 months and then slightly flattening out. For disability and HRQOL, we observed a differential effect over time as a function of nationality. Both groups reported an improvement the first 6 months, however, while the Norwegian patients continued their improvement to 12 months, non-Norwegian patients had increasing disability and lower HRQOL at 12 months. ConclusionBoth patient groups improved over the 12-month period. Non-Norwegian patients showed an overall higher level of pain, disability and lower HRQOL compared to Norwegian patients, with a differential effect over time as a function of nationality for disability and HRQOL. Suggesting that future studies should focus on potential systemic barriers that may affect the recovery of neck and back patients based on nationality.