Playing is a physical or mental activity that improves a child's skills of negotiation, problem solving, manual dexterity, sharing, decision making, and group work. Playing affects all parts, structures and functions of the brain. Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) have limitations in adaptive behavior, adaptive response, and social interaction. The aim of this work is to investigate how different applications of playing therapy can help children with autism spectrum disorder. Ability to play is usually significantly impaired in these children. The main hypothesis of this research is that play-based therapy can contribute to the improvement of social skills, communication and the ability to overcome challenges in children on the autistic spectrum. In this research, a descriptive method of literature analysis was used, whereby available research and literature on the topic of play as a therapeutic approach for children with PAS were reviewed and analyzed. Study results have shown that play-based therapy can help children with autism spectrum disorder develop social, communication and coping skills. Also, play-based therapy can help children with learning new concepts and improve their problem-solving skills. Parents and other responsible participants should consider adopting this approach because of its many benefits, including helping children on the autism spectrum develop social, communication, and coping skills that are critical to their survival.

ABSTRACT Although there is growing scholarship on marginalized migrants and racialized masculinities, studies on how migrant masculinities influence gender norms in the origin countries remain limited. This article explores the formation of multiple masculinities among low-paid Bangladeshi labour migrants to the Middle-East and South-East Asia. I pay particular attention to how migration influences men’s attitudes towards gender norms in their home country. This ethnography reveals that Bangladeshi migrant men advocate for female ‘modesty’ and religious schooling for women in their native communities. Struggling to achieve hegemonic masculine power abroad, men uphold rigid masculinities back home often by relying on a patriarchal interpretation of Islam. Regardless of the diverse ways in which Islam is practiced in the host countries, migrant men returning from both the Middle East and South-East Asia exhibit similarly conservative views on gender norms. This article highlights the need for further research that examines how formation of multiple masculinities among migrant men may impact gender relations in their native communities.

The paper presents the research findings on the reactions of victims in bullying cases and the correlations between the reactions and the sex and age of the victims. The research was conducted in the 2020/2021 school year based on a survey of 1,506 students in grades II to IV at 19 secondary schools in the Belgrade District School Authority area. The main findings indicate that the most common reactions of victims are to avoid the bully or hit back, and that most victims do not seek protection. Significant similarities, but also differences, were found in relation to previous findings on reactions of victims in primary school in Serbia. There are two similarities: 1) avoiding the bully is at the top of the list of the most common reactions; and 2) in cases where victims seek protection, they seek it more often from adults than from peers and more often from teachers than from parents. On the other hand, two differences were found: 1) the order of the other reactions on the list differed, with suffering violence being more common among victims from primary school and hitting back being more common among victims from secondary schools; and 2) correlations were found between the reactions of victims and their sex and age in primary school, while they were not found in secondary schools. In relation to schools abroad, the findings are consistent with the fact that most victims do not seek protection, but there are differences in the case of victims seeking protection - in schools abroad they seek it more often from peers than from adults and more often from parents than from teachers, while the opposite is the case in Belgrade schools.

Autism spectrum disorders (ASDs) represent a group of neurodevelopmental disorders characterized by deficits in social communication and interaction, and the presence of limited, repetitive patterns of behavior, interests or activities in early development, which negatively affects a person's development in all domains. As deficits in social interaction significantly complicate the adaptation of persons with PSA to the environment, and social skills cannot be learned spontaneously, it is necessary to apply different interventions. Social stories are recommended in working with people with PSA, although it must be pointed out that the results of research on the effectiveness of this intervention are conflicting. As teachers and parents play a significant role in a child's life, and often perceive the child's behavior in different ways, the paper was written with the aim of comparing the experiences of teachers and parents in the application of social stories in children with PsA. Based on the analysis of the included literature, which was accessed through the Google Scholar electronic search engine, it can be concluded that teachers and parents share opinions about the positive effect of social stories in the domain of behavior and social skills of children with PSA. It would be significant if, in future research on the topic of evaluating the application of this intervention, apart from objective factors that indicate changes in the child's behavior, the opinions of parents and teachers are also taken into account during the evaluation, in order to gain a realistic insight into the effectiveness of this intervention, and that its content and method of use would eventually be improved.

The aim of this research was to examine a group of psycho-social predictors that best distinguish vaccinated from non-vaccinated adolescents. In selecting the predictors that were examined, we relied on the results of earlier research as well as on the assumptions of the Health belief theory and the Reasoned action approach about which factors determine a person's decision to vaccinate or not. The rationale for organizing the research is the recorded trend of greater reluctance to receive the vaccine, which has become particularly pronounced in the circumstances of the coronavirus pandemic. We conducted the research on adolescents for the reason that the hesitancy towards the vaccine is most pronounced among them and at the same time the least amount of research has been conducted on them. In order to answer the research question, a cross-sectional survey was organized in which 833 respondents initially participated, so that after sorting the matrix, the sample consisted of 607 respondents (59.2% girls) aged 14 to 28 years (AS=19.00; SD=2.98). Data were collected on respondents' intention to get vaccinated, on their attitudes about the vaccine, on social norms, perceived control, on the level of knowledge about vaccines, conspiratorial beliefs, on trust in science, government and the health system, on fear of the consequences of the vaccine, on the perception of susceptibility to getting sick and the vaccination status of family members and friends. Discriminant analysis was carried out on the data and one significant function was singled out. The results reveal that over two-thirds of the surveyed adolescents have not received a single dose of the vaccine, that on average they have more negative than positive attitudes, that they have very modest knowledge about vaccines, that they significantly believe in conspiracy theories, and that they have low trust in science, government and healthcare system. The variables that best discriminate vaccinated from non-vaccinated adolescents are intention to vaccinate, positive attitudes, subjective norm, as well as knowledge and trust in science. The results favor the Reasoned action approach constructs over the Health belief theory. Overall, the results have practical implications and can serve as a basis for creating promotional campaigns and work programs with adolescents.

ABSTRACT The role of digitally mediated networked publics in the co-production and negotiation of contemporary masculinities has not been widely researched in an African context. This paper explores networked masculinities on South African Black Twitter via the hashtag #MensConference, a fictional conference organized by men as a humorous rejection of Valentine’s Day. Drawing on a critical thematic analysis of a selection of tweets through the lens of critical masculinity studies, we uncover a wide range of masculinity discourses under the hashtag, across the traditional-liberal spectrum. While expressions of sexism and misogyny were widespread throughout the sample, men also upheld alternative and progressive models of manhood. The affordances of social media provided men with a space to express themselves, but also to police and contest notions of masculinity through in-group dynamics that worked to reinforce patriarchal hegemony. However, the interactions between black South African men on Twitter were defined by their specific social, economic and cultural context. The analysis demonstrates the critical role of social media, and Black Twitter in particular, as a key vehicle for both the reproduction and contestation of hegemonic masculinities in South Africa.

ABSTRACT For those working in the field of critical studies of men and masculinities (CSMM), the study of masculinities, culture and intergenerational familial responsibilities continues to be an important area of research. Drawing on a case study of five second-generation Vietnamese-Australian males over three years, we seek to explore the role of family in shaping aspirations and masculinities during the liminal time in their lives immediately following compulsory schooling. The five participants aspired to pursue a different trajectory than their parents who laboured in agriculture, factory work or as restaurant owners. The data provides insights into some of the ways in which aspirations are affectively realized in tandem with a gendered sense of Vietnamese familial responsibilities. Central to the analysis is the discursive construction of masculinity and the cultural construction of filial piety – how to be a good son. In exploring how affective familial relations inform aspirations to be a good son, we outline three overlapping dimensions – a sense of duty, sacrifice and managing conflict – before concluding with an analysis of how Vietnamese-Australian masculine subjectivities are embodied and performed.

ABSTRACT Chinua Achebe’s Things Fall Apart narrates the contestations of performing masculinity in precolonial Nigeria. Employing ideas by Michael Slote and Judith Butler, I focus on Nwoye’s character to show how Achebe deploys him to undermine social norms. Nwoye refuses to be a man in the traditional sense, thus enacting an alternative subjectivity in conflict with the hegemonic masculinity projected by his father. I argue that Achebe has created a character whose openness defines his relations with others in order to deemphasize the value placed on gender. Nwoye’s embrace of receptivity positions him to reflect on the precariousness around him and identify with the marginalized in society, thus underscoring the perils of enacting and valorizing male hegemony. Achebe’s depiction of receptive masculinity provides a means to reimagine and reconfigure modes of being a man, while reaffirming individual selfhood. This paper contributes to the growing scholarship on men and masculinities in postcolonial and African gender studies.

ABSTRACT Through the latter half of the twentieth century, the commodification of men’s lifestyles has grown apace, such that men’s lifestyles in the global North are routinely sold for the various ways they present alternative forms of masculinity. Simultaneously, men’s growing participation in the service sector, as well as an emphasis on cultures of care in office work, suggest that men’s labour has faced similar changes. Drawing on one interview and two focus groups with men aged 18–30 in England, as part of a larger study, we argue that these phenomena are best placed in the context of neoliberalism and examined for the ways in which masculinity continues to adapt to the demands of neoliberal subjectivity. We deploy Bridges and Pascoe’s concept of hybrid masculinities to argue that neoliberal masculinities adopt a series of ‘hollow femininities’. These undermine femininity by conflating it with otherness through a process of commodification of feminine modalities, simultaneously recuperating both patriarchy and neoliberalism. This paper explores three of these key modalities: men’s absorption of otherness, feminine or feminised bodily discipline, and, finally, men’s performative rejections of the gender binary.

Concerns about Covid 19 by notaries in doing the Deed. This study aims to examine the Implementation of the Notary Position in Doing Deeds Before and during the Covid-19 Pandemic Period, and to Assess Obstacles in the Duties of Notary Positions in Doing Deeds during the Covid-19 Pandemic Period). The type of research used by the author is descriptive type research. Descriptive research is a problem-solving procedure investigated by describing or describing the current state of the subject and object of research based on existing facts. The results of the research in the Assignment of Notary Positions in Doing Deeds Before and during the Covid 19 Pandemic Period differed from the difference in the health protocol and the presence of the appeasers based on SK Number 65/33-III/ PP-INI/2020 dated March 17, 2020, regarding the matter referred to In the main point of the letter, the Central Management of the Indonesian Notary Association (PP-INI) and all of its staff expressed concern over the massive development of the spread of Covid-19 which directly affected the implementation of the duties of a Notary public in providing services to the public and in this regard, this PP urges all members to follow the health protocols set by the government to overcome the spread of Covid-19.Keywords: CoronaViruses, Notary, Decree.