This study aimed to develop novel urolithin–gelatin nanoparticles for cancer treatment. Urolithin–gelatin nanoparticles with stick-like (UG-S nanoparticles) and sea urchin-like (UG-U nanoparticles) morphologies were prepared by the anti-solvent method. Transmission electron microscopy showed that the particle size of UG-U nanoparticles was approximately [Formula: see text][Formula: see text]nm. UG-U nanoparticles demonstrated a higher drug loading rate of 49.32%, along with a significantly increased encapsulation efficiency of 98.64%. The changes in surface charge and crystal structure were explored through zeta potential and X-ray diffraction analyses. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy confirmed the successful encapsulation of each component and the interaction between them. In vitro studies indicated that both UG-S and UG-U nanoparticles could reduce cell viability, but UG-U nanoparticles had superior cell uptake ability. The scratch assay showed that UG-U nanoparticles had a stronger inhibitory effect on the migration of tumor cells. Further studies revealed that compared with UG-S nanoparticles and free urolithin A, UG-U nanoparticles could more effectively promote the accumulation of reactive oxygen species, damage mitochondria and induce apoptosis in A549 cells. In conclusion, sea urchin-like UG-U nanoparticles hold great promise for cancer treatment due to their exceptional properties and potent anti-cancer mechanisms.

Many flexible electronic applications are being explored for the development of organic transistors. Typically, they are composed of polymeric substrates. Although spin-coating gives large-area and homogenous layers, low molecular order causes it to have an adequate mobility of only 1[Formula: see text]cm2/Vs or less when spun from a pure organic semiconductor (OSc) solution. Several layer-manufacturing methodologies have been suggested to solve this problem. The relative parameters of [Formula: see text]–[Formula: see text] stacking mode, [Formula: see text]–[Formula: see text] distance and [Formula: see text]–[Formula: see text] displacement have a significant impact on the charge transport process in any OSc layer. This review comprehensively discusses the current status of OTFT technologies, including material, device, architecture, various deposition techniques and the latest OFETs fabricated using this technique with improvements made in those devices to improve mobilities and on/off current ratios. The parameters observed for different printed transistors are also discussed herein.

Metal oxide nanostructures and their derivatives have received significant attention in recent years due to their high potential in enhancing the efficacy of antimicrobial therapies. In this study, the antibacterial activity and toxicity of silver-decorated tungsten oxide (Ag@WO3) nanostructures — a derivative of tungsten oxide — were investigated. Ag@WO3 nanostructures synthesized via facile one-pot hydrothermal method have an optical bandgap of [Formula: see text][Formula: see text]eV, nanoflake (NF) size range of 20–70[Formula: see text]nm, a large surface area and a large pore volume. The antibacterial activity of Ag@WO3 NFs was evaluated by assessing the viability of the Gram-negative Escherichia coli (E. coli) and Gram-positive Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) upon exposure to Ag@WO3 NFs. Ag-decorated WO3 NFs exhibit enhanced antibacterial activity compared to the pristine WO3 NFs. Among them, the 5[Formula: see text]wt.% Ag-decorated sample shows the highest activity against S. aureus while the 7[Formula: see text]wt.% Ag-decorated sample shows the highest activity against E. coli. With 200[Formula: see text]ppm of 5[Formula: see text]wt.% Ag-decorated sample and 500[Formula: see text]ppm of 7[Formula: see text]wt.% Ag-decorated sample, all S. aureus and E. coli were eliminated within 2[Formula: see text]h, respectively. Under the visible light irradiation, the antibacterial activity of Ag-decorated samples was further enhanced. With only 100[Formula: see text]ppm of 5[Formula: see text]wt.% and 7[Formula: see text]wt.% Ag-decorated samples, 99.1% of S. aureus and 100% of E. coli were eliminated after 2[Formula: see text]h, respectively. The evaluation of cytotoxicity of Ag@WO3 nanoflakes on the human hepatoma cell line (HepG2) indicated that Ag@WO3 was noncytotoxic to the cells. These results suggest the promising potential of Ag@WO3 nanocomposites for medical and environmental applications.

The shape factors of the nanoparticles play a vital role in defining the system’s thermal conductivity and heat transfer rates. Thermal radiation is another significant factor in some circumstances, mainly when a more realistic representation of the radiative heat transport is required. In view of this, this study explores the effects of cylinder, platelet and brick-shaped nanoparticles on a magneto-Boger nanoliquid flow over a stretching sheet with nonlinear, quadratic, and linear TR effects. The governing partial differential equations are converted into ordinary differential equations with the aid of similarity variables. The findings of the current investigation are attained using the Runge–Kutta–Fehlberg fourth–fifth order technique. The impact of numerous parameters on the development of flow patterns is shown through graphs. Indeed, the highest dynamic viscosity appears to be present in the nanofluid containing platelet-shaped nanoparticles, whereas brick-shaped nanoparticles exhibit the strongest thermal conductivity. Among the three radiation types, nonlinear TR exhibits the most heat transmission, followed by quadratic and linear TR. This study’s findings are significant in the planning and development of nuclear reactors, solar thermal collectors, electronic gadgets, combustion systems, and high-efficiency cooling systems.

This paper presents an in-depth exploration of the transformative potential of carbon nanomaterials in the biomedical field, underscoring groundbreaking advancements and the broad spectrum of their applications. By categorizing carbon nanomaterials into graphene, carbon nanotubes, fullerenes and nanodiamonds, we elucidate their distinct synthesis processes and unique physicochemical properties, which underpin their utility in novel biomedical applications. The forefront of our review highlights the integration of these materials into cutting-edge therapeutic strategies, including targeted drug delivery systems, molecular diagnostics, precision oncology, advanced bioimaging and scaffold-based tissue regeneration. A critical aspect of our discussion is the examination of biocompatibility and toxicity challenges, where we showcase the latest research aimed at enhancing the safety profiles of carbon nanomaterials for clinical translation. Our analysis advocates for a multidisciplinary approach to harness the full potential of carbon nanomaterials, aiming to pave the way for next-generation healthcare innovations. The convergence of carbon nanomaterial science and biomedicine heralds a new era of solutions to complex medical challenges, promising significant impacts on patient care and therapeutic outcomes.

The current needs of science and technology depend upon the advanced flow and heat transfer properties which are beneficial for the production processes as well as the life span. In this regard, nanofluid or hybrid nanofluid has a significant contribution in enhancing the thermal properties. The study emphasizes the heat transfer processes of an ethylene glycol-based hybrid nanofluid composed of titanium oxide (TiO[Formula: see text] and cobalt ferrite (Fe 3 O[Formula: see text] over an expanding/contracting slandering surface embedded inside a porous matrix. Additionally, the forced convection integration with the Hall current experiences a major role in the flow characteristic and the dissipative heat for the consideration of both Joule and Darcy energies in the heat transport phenomenon. Moreover, the impact of multiple slips assumed as a surface condition is also favorable in enhancing the transport phenomena. The precise model relating to the dimensional form is transformed into dimensionless for the utilization of suitable similarity rules and then the spectral quasi-linearization method (SQLM) is helpful for the resolution of the transformed model. The noteworthy behavior of the characterizing factors is obtained through graphs and deliberated clearly.

This study examines the influence of internal spherical defects on the properties of [Formula: see text]-TiAl alloy, a promising material for the aerospace industry where such imperfections are inherent in the fabrication process. Molecular dynamics (MD) simulations, conducted using the large-scale atomic/molecular massively parallel simulator (LAMMPS) tool, were utilized to analyze the nanocutting behavior of polycrystalline [Formula: see text]-TiAl. The effects of cutting velocity, depth, defect size and spatial configuration were explored, focusing on cutting forces, heat generation, stress distribution, material deformation, atomic rearrangements and dislocation dynamics. The results demonstrate that defects at grain boundaries reduce cutting forces. For instance, a defect radius of 4[Formula: see text]Å caused the cutting force in the [Formula: see text][100] direction to be 10% higher in the grain defect model compared to the boundary defect model. Cutting temperature increased with both speed and depth, with higher speeds leading to pronounced chip stretching and an initially expanding, then contracting, shear zone. Doubling the cutting depth from 20[Formula: see text]Å to 40[Formula: see text]Å doubled the shear zone’s width. Cutting speed was found to significantly influence atomic structural changes, with contrasting trends in FCC and amorphous structures and a 20% increase in BCC atoms at 125[Formula: see text]m/s compared to 75[Formula: see text]m/s. An increase in defect radius from 2[Formula: see text]Å to 8[Formula: see text]Å halved the reduction rate of 1/6[Formula: see text] (Shockley) dislocations in the grain boundary model compared to the grain defect model, which inversely correlated with dislocation density.

In this paper, we investigated the structural, elastic, topological-electronic properties as well as optical properties of two half-Heusler (HH) heavy fermions-based compounds: HoPtBi and HoPdBi. We accomplished our calculations in the framework of density functional theory (DFT), based on the full potential linearized augmented plane wave (FP-LAPW). Both compounds are antiferromagnetic (AFM) type-II as reported by experimental data so we carried out our study in the AFM type-II configuration. Considering the spin-orbit coupling, we found that the hydrostatic pressure leads to a phase transition from the trivial semimetal to the topological semimetal (TSM) because of band inversion for HoPdBi with no apparent effect of hydrostatic pressure on the topological phase for HoPtBi. We also studied their optical properties, without and with hydrostatic pressure. The first peak in reflectivity, absorption, optical conductivity spectra and energy loss factor are strongly influenced by the hydrostatic pressure. Both compounds exhibit a considerable first absorption peak in the visible and ultraviolet ranges and they are best candidates for solar cells considered essential in renewable energy.

Metal cyanamide compounds represent a new class of solar photoactive materials. In this study, an [Formula: see text]/g-C3N4 composite catalyst was synthesized using an in situ precipitation method at low temperatures. The catalyst was characterized by XRD, TEM, UV-Vis, XPS and other analytical techniques. Compared to conventional synthesis at normal temperature, the low-temperature approach significantly reduces the particle size of [Formula: see text] and enhances its dispersion on the surface of g-C3N4, leading to improved charge separation efficiency and photocatalytic hydrogen peroxide production. When the loading capacity of [Formula: see text] is 12%, the [Formula: see text]/g-C3N4 composite catalyst demonstrates optimal [Formula: see text] production performance. The [Formula: see text] concentration in the system reaches 123 [Formula: see text]mol[Formula: see text], which is 2.3 and 4.1[Formula: see text]times higher than that of neat CN and [Formula: see text]. Additionally, a possible “dual channel” reaction mechanism for photocatalytic hydrogen peroxide production was proposed.

The advancement of heteroatom-doped photocatalysts represents a promising approach to enhancing the efficiency of photocatalytic hydrogen production. Nonetheless, current doping methods often use toxic and complex processes, along with environmentally harmful materials. For example, traditional sodium dihydrogen phosphate dopants emit toxic fumes at high temperatures. Thus, there is an urgent need to investigate sustainable and direct doping techniques. This study presents the synthesis of phosphorus-doped graphite carbon nitride (P-g-C3N[Formula: see text] through a solvent pre-mixing assisted calcination process, utilizing nontoxic ammonium dihydrogen phosphate as the dopant, the optimal photocatalytic performance was observed at a phosphorus doping concentration of 5[Formula: see text]wt.%, resulting in a hydrogen production rate of 268[Formula: see text][Formula: see text]mol/g/h. Notably, the foaming effect resulting from the thermal decomposition of ammonium dihydrogen phosphate significantly enhances the specific surface area of P-g-C3N4, and exhibits superior light absorption capabilities and enhanced photocatalytic activity. The catalyst prepared in this research is both cost-effective and environmentally sustainable, positioning it as a promising candidate for applications in photocatalytic hydrogen production. It provides a new method for the development of clean energy and the solution of environmental pollution problems.