This research investigated the crystal structure, photoluminescence and photocatalytic characteristics of Ca1-xZrx/2TiO3:x/2Eu 3+ phosphors.The phosphors were synthesized using a solution combustion method, with different concentrations of Zr 4+ and Eu 3+ dopants to improve their structural and optical properties.The synthesized phosphors' photocatalytic activity has been evaluated through the use of methylene blue (MB) and crystal violet (CV) dyes.X-ray diffraction analysis and scanning electron microscopy were utilized to characterize the phosphors.X-ray diffraction analysis confirmed the perovskite crystal structure of the phosphors, indicating a slight distortion at low doping levels.Photoluminescence spectra exhibited notable emission at 617 nm, corresponding to the red-light band, indicating the potential use of the phosphors in WLEDs.The synthesized phosphors demonstrated significant photocatalytic activity in the degradation of toxic organic dyes under visible light irradiation.The photocatalytic efficiency for CV was 96.01 %, significantly higher than the 70.63% observed for MB.The results indicate the considerable potential of these phosphors for lighting and environmental applications and offer insights into the design of efficient, eco-friendly phosphors for WLEDs and the degradation of harmful pollutants, contributing to sustainable lighting solutions and environmental remediation efforts.

Metal oxides, particularly zinc oxide (ZnO), play a vital role as activators in the sulfur-based vulcanization of unsaturated rubber.ZnO significantly enhances the efficiency of vulcanization, improves the mechanical properties of the vulcanizate and reduces curing time.However, its widespread use raises environmental and safety concerns due to its toxicity and persistence.In an effort to find a safer, eco-friendly alternative, we synthesized two novel zinc chelates incorporating an azo dye and a Schiff base.These complexes were designed to release Zn 2+ ions in a controlled manner, enabling effective crosslinking during vulcanization.Rheometric analysis revealed that these chelates influenced cure characteristics similarly to ZnO.Additionally, mechanical testing conducted before and after thermal aging demonstrated their ability to maintain desirable strength and elasticity.With further structural refinement, these zinc chelates show strong potential as sustainable and non-toxic replacements for conventional ZnO, aligning with green chemistry principles and regulatory trends in rubber manufacturing.

Polyvinyl chloride, or PVC, is a thermoplastic polymer that has found broad use in industrial settings.Numerous characteristics, including high tensile strength, biodegradability, extensive surface area, chemical stability, low weight, durability, affordability and availability, contribute to PVC's potential.Pure PVC's low thermal stability and brittleness, however, prevent it from being widely use; as a result, PVC modified with metal oxides and carbon nanofillers could significantly expansion its mechanical strength, thermal stability, biocompatibility, surface area, conductivity and other properties.Additionally, the great performances of nanocomposites in a variety of fields are ascribed to the reformed properties that arise from the chemical and physical interaction between the polymer and functionalized nanofillers as well as the nanofillers' good dispersion ability on the polymer matrix.In order to aid future advancements in this sector, this work attempts to provide an overview of the characterization and preparation of nanocomposites of PVC.

The segmentation of thermoplastic composite rods in SEM images is crucial for analysing and understanding their microstructures and optimizing their mechanical properties.This study proposes an improved U-Net deep learning model for accurate segmentation of SEM images of thermoplastic composite rods.The proposed model incorporates attention mechanisms and residual blocks to enhance feature extraction and improve segmentation performance in complex microstructural regions.XAI techniques, specifically Grad-CAM, are also utilized to visualize the model's decision-making process.The model is trained and evaluated on a dataset of SEM images, achieving high segmentation accuracy and demonstrating superior performance compared to traditional methods.The results indicate that the improved U-Net model is effective in SEM images, offering a reliable tool for thermoplastic composite material analysis.

Purpose: To evaluate color and wettability of a universal adhesive modified by incorporating chitosan capped cerium oxide nanoparticles (C-CeNPs) at four different weight percentages. Methods: C-CeNPs was synthesized and characterized by FTIR, TEM, FESEM and EDS. Experimental groups; G I, II, III and IV were evaluated for color and wettability. Data were analyzed by ANOVA and Duncan’s test. Results: FTIR charts confirmed assembly of chitosan and cerium. TEM revealed homogeneous distribution of C-CeNPs with particle size less than 50nm. FESEM showed a foam-like irregular microsphere of C-CeNPs. EDS confirmed the elemental analysis of C-CeNPs. Color absorption peaks for the experimental groups ranged between 430-470 nm wavelength. Mean contact angle values for G I, G II, G III and G IV were 21.1°, 40.43°, 42.35° and 46.07° respectively. Conclusions: Incorporating C-CeNPs did not significantly change the color of the experimental groups while it significantly changed their contact angle values.

As a result of the research, the mineralogical compositions of the eruption products of the mud volcanoes (EPMV) of Azerbaijan Keyreki, Sangachal and Kobu and the products of their firing were established. X-ray phase analysis showed that despite the remoteness of their deposits, the phase compositions of all three eruption products are close and are represented by quartz, feldspar, montmorillonite, kaolinite, illite, calcite, hematite and an amorphous phase. As a result of the studies, the mechanisms of mineral formation in EPMV-containing systems that differ in raw material composition and firing temperatures were established. The research results showed that the introduction of NaF into masses containing Kobu EPMV leads to a decrease in α-quartz and an increase in diopside, and the introduction into lime-faience masses with Sangachal EPMV leads to a sharp increase in the diopside content and a decrease in the glass phase content. The introduction of NaF into masses with Keyreki EPMV contributes to a decrease in the α-quartz content of the glass phase and an increase in feldspar and diopside. It has been established that NaF has a more significant effect on the process of mineral formation in mixtures with Keyreki EPMV, which may be due to its high dispersity and the optimal ratio of components in the mixture. The data obtained show that the effect of the NaF mineralizer in an amount of up to 3% on the process of mineral formation during firing of stone ceramic masses containing EPMV is insignificant. Preliminary studies have also shown the possibility of using volcanic eruption products in the production of building ceramic materials.

Thin layers of AgCuS compound were obtained with condensation method from molecular beam. The optimal mode for obtaining an isotropic medium was determined, in order to keep the chemical composition maintenance, conditions were created to include of additional chalcogen atoms into the system. The surface structure and micro composition analyzes of the obtaining epitaxial layers were studied per Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM). The obtaining results for the thin layers were compared with the obtaining results for the AgCuS crystal.

This paper presents X-ray diffraction studies, optical and electrophysical properties of n-ZnO/p-NiO structures. The analysis showed that the ZnO film surfaces exhibit a hexagonal crystal structure, characterized by lattice parameters a = b = 0.3265 nm and c = 0.5212 nm. The deposited NiO films belong to the spatial group Fm3m with lattice parameters of 0.4178 nm. It has been found that the sizes of the subcrystallites of the NiO films were 22.3 nm, 29.3 nm and 16.9 nm, respectively. The grown ZnO and NiO films have a high transmittance coefficient from 74% to 92% and from 56% to 68% in the visible and near-infrared regions of the spectrum, respectively. The optical bandgaps were calculated as 3.27 eV for ZnO, 3.81 eV for NiO and 3.26 eV for the combined ZnO/NiO structure. The volt-ampere characteristics and capacitance-voltage analysis indicate that the n-ZnO/p-NiO structure forms regions with high specific resistances at the heterojunction, with potential for applications in LEDs, solar cells and sensors due to its favorable optical and electrical properties.

The water-soluble form of of maleopimaric acid (MPA) as its ester with polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) has been prepared by reaction of (PVA) with chloroanhydride of MPA in the conditions of interphase catalysis. The optimal conditions of the acylation reaction of PVA with chloroanhydride of MPA have been determined, the catalyst allowing to obtain the water-soluble polyester with yield to 52 % has been chosen. The tests of samples of modifiers for antibacterial activity against Gram-positive and Gram-negative strains of bacteria have been carried out.