A new species of Ophiorrhiza (Rubiaceae)is identified and described from the Vagamon hills of Kerala, Western Ghats, India. The new species is similar to Ophiorrhiza eriantha Wight and Ophiorrhiza meenachilarensis Robi and Balan, but differs in having densely hirsute hairs on young stem, petiole and peduncle; patent hirsute hairs on, above and beneath the leaf; 14.0–15.0 mm long flower; linear to falcate bracts and bracteoles; sparsely hirsute cupuliform hypanthium; triangular calyx lobes; 9.5–12.0 mm long corolla tube; stamens inserted at the middle of the corolla tube; and oblong and papillate stigma. A detailed description, colour photographs, comparison, phenology, distribution, conservation status and key to the allied taxa of the new species are provided.

In 2019, A. J. Paton et al. proposed a new taxonomic combination, transferring Anisochilus carnosus (L.f.) Wall. ex Benth. to Coleus strobilifer (Benth.) A.J.Paton, and including Anisochilus eriocephalus Benth. within this broader circumscription. However, a recent comprehensive study conducted in Tamil Nadu, India, re‐evaluated species within Anisochilus using an integrative approach. This study deployed various kinds of data, including leaf epidermal morphology, seed structure, pollen characteristics observed through scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and molecular data derived from sequencing the trn L‐ trn F, rbc L, and mat K regions. The results revealed clear morphological and genetic distinctions between A. eriocephalus and A. carnosus . Specifically, A. eriocephalus is characterized by a terete, glabrescent stem (in contrast to the tetragonal, pubescent stem of A . carnosus ), yellow gland‐dotted leaves, calyx, and corolla (versus red gland‐dotted in A. carnosus ), and the presence of gland‐tipped trichomes on the lower lip of the corolla (as opposed to simple trichomes). Additionally, the calyx tube in A. eriocephalus is villous, whereas it is pubescent in A. carnosus. Pollen morphology further differentiates the two species: A. eriocephalus exhibits finely reticulate grains with shallow colpi, while A. carnosus displays coarsely reticulate grains with deep colpi. Molecular phylogenetic analysis validated these findings, confirming significant genetic divergence between the two taxa. In light of these results, we propose a revised taxonomic treatment, reinstating A. eriocephalus under the genus Coleus as Coleus eriocephalus (Benth.) Soosairaj.

Petrocodon gracilis T.Ding & B.Pan and P. mirus X.Z.Shi, J.X.Fu & Li H.Yang are two recently described species exhibiting nearly identical morphology. To determine whether they represent the same taxon, we compared their type localities, type materials, and morphological features and conducted phylogenetic analyses using the nuclear internal transcribed spacer (ITS) and five plastid regions ( atpI‐H , matK , rps16 , trnH‐psbA and trnL‐F ). Morphological comparisons and type information revealed that both species originated from the same population and are indistinguishable in key traits. Molecular phylogenetic analysis further showed that four samples of P. gracilis and P. mirus form a strongly supported monophyletic clade. Combined morphological and molecular evidence confirmed their conspecificity. We therefore treat P. gracilis as a synonym of P. mirus .

While undertaking macrofungal forays to several forested areas of Uttarakhand (India), a noteworthy and previously unknown species of Hemileccinum was unveiled. This species is proposed here as Hemileccinum indicum sp. nov. It is presented with both morphological characteristics and multigene molecular phylogenetic analysis. The pairwise homoplasy index (PHI) test was done to confirm the distinctive nature of this novel species. This novel taxon is also a new generic record of the genus Hemileccinum from India.

In this paper, we describe and illustrate Psychotria caraballoensis , a new endemic species from the Caraballo Mountain Range, Luzon, Philippines. It is allied to the Subalpina species group sensu Sohmer and Davis (2007), and resembles Psychotria sohotonensis . However, it is distinct by its greater number of lateral veins, leaf blades drying khaki to dark brown, inflorescences/infructescences with axes branching into verticillate or oppositely branched cymules, puberulous flowers with longer corolla lobes, smaller and globose to subglobose fruits, and ruminate endosperms. It is one of few species of Philippine Psychotria documented to have both long and short‐styled flower morphs. The conservation status of this species is proposed as ‘Endangered' (EN), due to its restricted range and the presence of anthropogenic threats in the area.

A new Inocybe (Inocybaceae) species, Inocybe alboaurantiaca , is described and illustrated from Asia (Japan and Pakistan), based on morphological and phylogenetic analyses of the nrITS and nrLSU regions. Phylogenetically, the most closely related sequences belong to the current mainstream European concept of Inocybe fibrosa. Inocybe alboaurantiaca is characterized by its white to yellowish‐orange basidiomata, conic‐subcampanulate and uncracking pileus, nodulose basidiospores (8.90 × 6.06 μm) having blunt knobs, and short‐plumpish fusiform hymenial cystidia. Morphological descriptions, colored photographs, microscopic structures, and a comparative nrITS‐ and nrLSU‐based phylogenetic analyses are presented with reference to the newly described species.

Lepidagathis kurnoolensis sp. nov. is a decumbent, woody undershrub found in scrub forests among quartzite rocks near the Orvakal Mandal of the Kurnool District. This new species resembles Lepidagathis diffusa C.B.Clarke with respect to habit, leaf shape, spike appearance, sterile bracts shape, corolla, calyx lobes, and fruits shape, but can be distinguished by differences in stem, leaf texture, leaf apex, spike size, morphology and number of sterile bracts, size and shape of bracts, nature of seed, and anatomy of stem. It also resembles Lepidagathis spinosa Wight ex Nees in spike appearance, sterile bract shape, corolla, and fruit shape but differs in its wood nature, leaf shape and size, bracts and bracteoles surface nature, seed morphology and anatomy of stem. A detailed description, illustrations, and field images are provided for easy identification along with a comparative table highlighting differences in morphological characters of allied species. The IUCN conservation assessment for this species is discussed.

The BHZB herbarium was founded in 1993 with about 16 787 registers – a number that has to be considered as small when compared to larger herbaria in Brazil. In the BHZB, 97.5% of the vouchers are from the Minas Gerais state (ca 16 372 specimens), with Asteraceae being the best represented family. Studying this collection, we found three new species from Minas Gerais: Calea aggregata, Wedelia cangae , and Wedelia santosiae which are here described and illustrated, and their conservation status and taxonomic affinities are discussed. In addition, we provide a map with the information about the new species. We also found some new records that was misidentified. The occurrence of Praxelis sanctopaulensis (B.L.Rob.) R.M.King and H.Rob. in Minas Gerais and of Mikania stipulacea Willd. in the Espírito Santo state are documented and mapped.

Eragrostis kashmirensis, a new species from Kashmir is described and illustrated. The new species is allied to E. tremula but differs in habit, panicle branches, ligule, presence of glands and caryopsis. Further we add a new geographical record for Eragrostis schweinfurthii, found for the first time in western Himalaya. Furthermore, a lectotype is designated for Eragrostis schweinfurthii. In addition, a detailed morphological description, photoplates, and distribution maps are also provided.