The new species Palicourea awa, P clerodendroides, P cogolloi, P eburnea, P garcioi- des, and P glandulifera are described and illus- trated, and the variety P justicioides var. macroca- lyx M. C. G. Kirkbride is recognized as a species, P kirkbrideae. These are all shrubs or small trees found in wet forests at 900-3040 m in Colombia and northwestern Ecuador. RESUMEN. Las especies nuevas Palicourea awa, P clerodendroides, P cogolloi, P eburnea, P gar- cioides y P glandulifera se describen e ilustran, y la variedad P justicioides var. macrocalyx M. C. G. Kirkbride se trata como una especie, P kirkbrideae. Todas estas especies son arbustos o Arboles pe- quefios de bosque htmedo a 900-3040 m en Co- lombia y el noroeste de Ecuador.

Orychophragmus consists ot two species endemic to China.The new combination 0. limprichtianus is proposed.Cardamine hickinii and Alliaria grandifolia are reduced to synonymy of 0 .limprichtianus, and C. potentillifolia, 0. diffusus, and ().taibaiensis are reduced to synonymy of 0 .violaceus.

Trepadora con savia lechosa, tallos lefiosos y suberosos en la base, glabros, ramas j6venes glabras o retrorso-puberulentas, el indumento dispuesto en una linea. Hojas opuestas; liminas 3-6 x 1.0-3.5 cm, ovadas, lanceoladas o elfpticas, Apice acuminado o agudo, margenes enteros, base aguda, obtusa o redondeada, venaci6n pinnada, con 4-5 pares de venas laterales, haz verde, glabro, esparcidamente puberulento, o con indumento s61o en la vena central, 2-4 glandulas en la base de la lamina, enves verde pilido, glabro o puberulento, principalmente en la vena central; peciolos 0.3-0.8 cm de largo, puberulentos. Flores 2-5, dispuestas en una cima umbeliforme lateral, 0.7-1.0 (cm lde largo, sesil o con pedunculos ca. 1.0 nimm de largo, puberulentos o glabros; bracteas 1.2-1.5 x 0.4-0.5 mm, ovadas a estrechamente ovadas; pedicelos 12 mmn de largo, puberulentos. Caliz del imisrmo tamafio que el tubo de la corola, 16bulos 1.7-2.2 x 0.8-1.2 mm, lanceolados a estrecharnmnte( ovadlos, glabros o puberulentos abaxialmente, ciliados en el niargen, con una glandula en cada seno; corola blanca o blanca con lineas rojas, campanulada, 57 mm de largo, tubo 1.7-2.2 mm de largo, 16bulos 2.3-3.5 x 1.0-1.8 mm, lanceolados a estrechamente ovados, dipice obtuso a agudo, oblicuamente emarginado, glabros abaxialmente o ()on algunos pelos cortos, densamente puberulentos adaxialmente, incluyendo el tubo. Ginostegio ligeramente c6nico, corto-estipitado, 1.3-1.5 mm de largo (sin incluir el apendice estilar); corona de 5 16bulos, unidos a la base del ginostegio, cada 16bulo 0.70.9 x 0.7-0.8 mm, muy ampliamente ovado, tan altos como las anteras, 16bulos laterales amplios, cubriendo la cavidad estigmatica; apendice de la antera membranoso, caudado, margen crenado, un tercio o casi la mitad de la longitud del apendice estilar; polinios 0.30-0.32 x ca. 0.1 mm, corpusculo ca. 0.12 mm de largo, recto; apendice estilar c6nico, rostrado, 1.0-1.5 x ca. 0.4 mm, aipice agudo, ligeramente dividido. Foliculos napiformes, apice largo-atenuado, 9.0-10.5 x ca. 1.0 cm, glabro. Semillas 0.8-1.0 X 0.5-0.6 cm, ovadas, con un margen engrosado de color blanco, superficie interior lisa, de color verde claro, con una cara convexa y la opuesta concava, esta iltima con una cresta que se extiende desde el aipice hasta el centro; coma ca. 3.5 cm de largo.

The new genus Sinosophiopsis (Bras- sicaceae) is described, and its relationship to So- phiopsis is discussed. The new species Sinosophiop- sis bartholomewii is described, and the new combination S. heishuiensis is proposed. During the revision of Chinese Brassicaceae for the forthcoming volume 8 of the Flora of China, two species were initially set aside for future study. As the result of critical comparisons of these two taxa with most of those of the known Eurasian gen- era, the conclusion reached is it to place them in a new genus, hereafter known as Sinosophiopsis. Sinosophiopsis, which is endemic to China, is most closely related to the central Asian genus So- phiopsis. Both genera consist of annuals with in- cumbent cotyledons, reticulate and mucilaginous seeds, pinnatisect leaves, terete fruits, and branched trichomes. Sinosophiopsis is easily distin- guished by having white flowers, linear and strongly torulose fruits, angled and longitudinally striate stems, indumentum consisting of simple and forked trichomes, and ovaries (20 to)24- to 40-ovulate. By contrast, Sophiopsis has yellow flowers, elliptic, ob- ovate, or narrowly oblong, usually non-torulose fruits, terete stems, indumentum of primarily den- dritic trichomes only rarely mixed with simple ones,

Stemmadenia abbreviata and S. simulans are described from Costa Rica and Panama, and Tabernaemontana leeuwenbergiana is described from Colombia. Stemmadenia Bentham is a small genus of 10 species, confined primarily to Central America, although a few species occur in northern South America (Leeuwenberg, 1994). The genus is closely allied to Tabernaemontana L., but it is readily distinguished by its corolla tube with five staminal ridges below the anthers within. The presence of one corona, composed of five epistaminal ridges, within the corolla tube in some species of Stemmadenia and Tabernaemontana is an unusual character within the tribe Tabernaemontaneae. In Stemmadenia the corona is found in most species (e.g., S. alfari (Donnell Smith) Woodson, S. donnell-smithii (Rose) Woodson, S. litoralis (Kunth) L. Allorge), while in Tabernaemontana it is rarely present (e.g., T columbiensis (L. Allorge) Leeuwenberg). Study of material included among specimens received as gifts for identification revealed an undescribed species of Tabernaemontana from Colombia. In addition, while writing an account of the genus Stemmadenia for the Manual to the Plants of Costa Rica, two new species were discovered; they are described below. Stemmadenia abbreviata J. F. Morales, sp. nov. TYPE: Costa Rica. Heredia: in forest along Rio Peje, about 1 km S of La Selva (new property) S boundary, 13 Apr. 1982 (fl), Hammel 11680 (holotype, INB; isotype, DUKE). Arbuscula vel frutex 2 m alta, ramis furcatis, teretibus. Folia 5-14.5 x 1.5-6 cm, elliptica, glabra, membranacea, apice acuminata. Calycis segmenta 11-18 X 6-8 mm, tubo corollae 21-23 mm, salverformi, lobis 6-7 x 4 mm, antheris 3-4 mm. Fructus ignotus. Shrub or small tree 2 m high; branchlets terete to subterete, forked, glabrous. Leaves petiolate; petiole glabrous, 3-9 mm long; blade 5-14.5 x 1.56 cm, membranaceous, elliptic, acuminate at the apex, cuneate at the base, entire, glabrous on both sides, with 8-10 pairs of upcurved secondary veins. Inflorescence pedunculate, 3-7-flowered, somewhat agglomerate, glabrous; peduncle 3-5 mm long, with several bracts; pedicels 5-9 mm; bracts scale-like, 2-3 mm; sepals white outside, green inside, foliaceous, erect, ovate to narrowly ovate, 11-18 X 68 mm, acute, subequal, glabrous, bearing 6-7 colleters inside, entire; corolla salverform, the tube white, lobes pale yellow, with 5 narrow staminal ridges 0.5 mm wide, corona composed of five epistaminal ridges ca. 0.5 mm wide above the insertion of the stamens; tube 21-23 mm long, almost cylindrical, ca. 3 mm wide above the base, twisted around the anthers; lobes obliquely obovate, 5-7 x 4 mm, obtuse, somewhat spreading to reflexed; stamens with apex 8-9 mm below mouth of corolla tube, inserted 7-8 mm from the base; anthers narrowly oblong, 3-4 x 1 mm, apex acuminate, sagittate at the base; ovary ovoid, 2-2.5 mm, glabrous, with a disk-like, ring-shaped thickening less than 1 mm high, adnate to base; style 5-6 mm; pistil head 1 mm. Fruits unknown. Known only from the type collection, at 100-300 m. It flowers from March to May. In Costa Rica, the type collection has been referred to Stemmadenia robinsonii Woodson, but S. abbreviata is easily recognized by its narrow salverform corolla, cylindrical and straight tube, with the lobes 5-7 mm long. The specific epithet refers to the short and inconspicuous corolla lobes. Stemmadenia simulans J. F. Morales & Q. Jim~nez, sp. nov. TYPE: Costa Rica. San Jos&: Cant6n de Puriscal, Zona Protectora La Cangreja, Faja Costefia del Valle de Parrita, Mastatal de Puriscal, Rio Negro, 290-320 m, 3 Mar. 1994 (fl), J. F Morales, D. A. Smith & G. Smith 2414 (holotype, INB; isotypes, B, BR, C, CAS, CR, F, G, GH, INB, K, MEXU, MICH, MO, NY, P, UPS, US, USF, W, WAG, WIS, Z). Figure 1. NovoN 9: 236-239. 1999. This content downloaded from 157.55.39.104 on Sun, 19 Jun 2016 06:49:30 UTC All use subject to http://about.jstor.org/terms Volume 9, Number 2 1999 Morales Stemmadenia and Tabernaemontana 237

Delimitation of genera in the Tovomita group of tribe Clusieae has fluctuated, in Central America, with almost every new floristic work. Nev- ertheless, with some aberrations, the theme of a unified Chrysochlamys/Tovomitopsis has persisted and is here supported by concurring with Bentham and Hooker's placement of Tovomitopsis in synon- ymy of Chrysochlamys. The strictly South American Balboa is also placed in synonymy of Chrysochla- mys; this action necessitates a new name (here pro- vided) for its only species. A key to the 13 species of Chrysochlamys recognized for Mexico and Cen- tral America is provided. An annotated list of all Mesoamerican Chrysochlamys, including brief de- scriptions, taxonomic and nomenclatural notes, five new combinations, and two new species, elucidates the generic concept and provides a rationalized no- menclature for use in numerous regional floras. To- vomita croatii Maguire, a somewhat problematic species, transferred to Tovomitopsis by D'Arcy, is included in the key to Chrysochlamys and fully dis-

In preparation for the treatment of Ca¬ lyptranthes (Myrtaceae) for the Flora tie Nicaragua , a summary and identification key to the five known species from the country are presented.One of these, Calyptranthes amarulenta B. Holst, a new species from central Nicaragua, is described and illustrated.The new species is characterized by having bicolorous leaf blades when dry that are rounded to obtuse at the apex, a biconvex midvein on the upper leaf surface, and a glabrous inflores¬ cence.

A new species of deciduous azalea.Rhododendron eastmanii, has been discovered in South Carolina, U.S.A.This azalea can he distin¬ guished from the other members of Rhododendron sect.Pentanthera by its distinctive morphology, flowering time, and fragrance.It is presently known only from Orangeburg and Richland counties.

Marsdenia carterae, a new species of Apocynaceae (Asclepiadoideae, Marsdenieae) from Baja California Sur, Mexico, is described and illustrated. This is the first North American species of Marsdenia with verticillate leaves and is also notable in lacking a developed corona and for its non-twining habit. Marsdenia carterae W. D. Stevens & Ju6rez-Jaimes, sp. nov. TYPE: Mexico. Baja California Sur: eastern escarpment of Cerro Mechudo between Portezuelo de San Antonio and La Sabanilla, Sierra de la Giganta, 675 m, 24?49'N, 110?44'W, occasional on cliffs and talus, 4 Nov. 1971, R. Moran 18990 (holotype, UC; isotype, MO). Figure 1. Distribution map and additional images can be found in W3TROPICOS (http://mobot.mobot.org/ Pick/Search/pick.html). A speciebus ceteris Marsdeniae regionis foliis verticillatis habitu haud volubili corona obsoleta distinguenda. Shrub to 1.5 m tall and 2.5 m wide, branches decumbent or pendent, stems with thick, dark, corky bark on older wood, bark thinner and whitish on younger wood, branchlets roughened by raised leaf scars, densely pubescent with appressed, ? curly, multicellular hairs to ca. 0.15 mm long, internodes 1-5(-25) mm long, ribbed except when still herbaceous; latex white; roots unknown. Leaves 3, rarely 1 or 2, per node, without pseudostipules but with 1-3 colleters in each stipular area, blades 5-8.5 cm long, 4-8 mm wide, very narrowly lanceolate to lorate or linear, apex acute to rounded or minutely mucronate, base acute, minutely pubescent when young, glabrescent except hairs + persistent along midrib of both sides, midrib prominent below, sulcate above, especially near petiole, venation pinnate, lateral veins obscure, ca. 7-13 pairs, middle veins arising ca. 550 to midrib, margin thickened and + revolute, colleters 0-3, at adaxial base of blade; petiole 4-6 mm long, with indumentum of stem. Inflorescence extra-axillary, 1 per node and mostly not on adjacent nodes, cymose, congested-racemiform, or congested-paniculiform, sometimes bearing a fully formed leaf opposite the first flower or branch, 5-15-flowered, with indumentum of stem, peduncle 2-5 mm long, pedicel 3-4 mm long, bracts to 2.5 mm long, 1.1 mm wide, lanceolate; calyx divided to base, with 1-2 colleters below each sinus within, lobes 2.22.5 mm long, 0.9-1.4 mm wide, ovate or elliptic, with rounded tips, green with scarious margins, pubescent outside, glabrous inside; corolla rotate with ascending lobes, aestivation narrowly imbricate and dextrorse, glabrous outside, glabrous inside except throat densely barbate with stiff, white, unicellular hairs to ca. 0.5 mm long, these spreading at sinuses and retrorse between, cream-white, tube 1.2-1.4 mm long, lobes 2.3-3.1 mm long, 1.5-2.2 mm wide, elliptic with obliquely rounded tips; gynostegium ca. 2.2 mm tall, stipe ca. 1.7 mm long, corona obsolete, anthers rectangular, ca. 1.0 mm long, 1.5 mm wide, terminal appendages ovate, ca. 0.8 mm long, 0.6 mm wide, + erect and appressed to style apex, wings straight, parallel, ca. 0.5 mm long, 0.3 mm wide; corpusculum ca. 0.25 mm long, 0.08 mm wide, linear, dark red-brown, translator ca. 0.08 mm long, translucent and unwinged, pollinia erect, ca. 0.25 mm long, 0.15 mm wide, obovate, pale yellow; style apex conical, smooth, shallowly 2-lobed at apex, ca. 0.4 mm wide. Follicles single or occasionally paired, divergent when paired, fusiform-attenuate to napiform, somewhat asymmetrical, smooth, 7-12 cm long, 1.3-1.8 cm wide, densely tomentose, follicle wall ca. 0.5 mm thick, herbaceous; seeds obovate, flat, ca. 11 mm long, 7 mm wide, pale yellow-brown with a pale brown margin 0.4-0.5 mm wide, margin smooth and entire, surface smooth and glossy, coma about 2.5 cm long, pale tawny. NOVON 9: 565-567. 1999. This content downloaded from 207.46.13.60 on Thu, 21 Apr 2016 07:10:49 UTC All use subject to http://about.jstor.org/terms

Tapirira rubrinervis Barfod, sp. nov., is described from the coastal plain of Ecuador. It is easily distinguished from its congeners by the fewfoliolate leaves, the obovate, unequally sized leaflets, and the striking red venation of the lower surfaces of the leaflets. The variation in leaf morphology and phenology is discussed. RESUMEN. Se describe una especie nueva, Tapirira rubrinervis Barfod, de la regi6n costera de Ecuador. Se distingue fAcilmente de sus cong~neres por tener las hojas con pocos foliolos, los foliolos desiguales y obovados, con Ilamativa nervadura roja del env~s. Asimismo, se comenta la variaci6n en la morfologia de las hojas y su fenologia. A recent revision of Ecuadorian Anacardiaceae for the Catalogue of the Vascular Plants of Ecuador (Jergensen & Le6n-Yinez, 1999) revealed a new species of Tapirira. Barfod (1987) described only two species of Tapirira in Flora of Ecuador: Tapirira guianensis Aublet, with two subspecies (Barfod, 1986), and T peckoltiana Engler, which should be correctly named T obtusa (Bentham) J. D. Mitchell (Mitchell, 1993). Since this flora treatment was published, T guianensis has been recorded several times west of the Andes in the provinces of Esmeraldas and Carchi, Ecuador. It has been found on the northern coastal plain along the upper tributaries of the Cayapas and Mira rivers. In the Cayapas river system, it is locally known as sajo de arriba, or sajo chi. Sajo is the name for Campnosperma panamense Standley, a rare simple-leaved species of Anacardiaceae growing near Borb6n (Little & Dixon, 1969). In 1993, I received for the first time material of an undescribed species of Tapirira growing along the Mira River and its tributaries in the province of Carchi, where it is locally known as cuilde. The congener T guianensis also occurs in that area. It is called cuilde blanco. There was little doubt that the new material represented a separate species, and it is described here based on nine collections. Although it has several very distinctive features, it is probably most closely related to Tapirira guianensis. Like this species it has chartaceous leaflets that are inconspicuously hairy beneath or glabrous. The flowers are typical for the