There is a high prevalence of genetic abnormalities that significantly contribute to overall morbidity and mortality in neonates. Since early diagnosis is crucial for the optimal administration of conventional and customized medications, neonatal acute care has the most significant potential to benefit from genomic medicine. Genome sequencing has been demonstrated to have diagnostic, therapeutic and informational value in many investigations. With underlying genetic disorders, genome sequencing has the power to change the way newborn care is provided completely. However, due to existing healthcare disparities, genomic medicine requires cautious implementation to guarantee equitable access for disadvantaged groups. Hence, its clinical application is still challenging.

Precision medicine describes the definition of disease at a higher resolution by genomic and other technologies to enable more precise targeting of disease subgroups with new therapies. Preventative or therapeutic interventions can be developed with the knowledge of how a compound acts safely in the body to target receptors and produce the desirable effect. With the completion of the Human Genome Project in 2003 and the rapid increase in sequencing and bioinformatics tools, obtaining information about a person's genome is becoming more accessible. To make use of genetic information in precision or personalised medicine, it is important to examine the roles of natural remedies in the individualization of treatment - to use as the right drug, at the correct dose, for the right person, at the right time. Integrating biomarkers, especially within clinical workflows, plays a crucial role in implementing precision medicine. Though the horizon in precision medicine looks promising, one major issue resides in the precise mapping into clearly defined medical conditions associated with biomarker identification and precedence ranking. This communication is met to provide guidelines that could improve biomarker discovery and enhance the participation and integration of novel natural compounds in the processes of implementing precision or personalized medicine.

Preservation of the fund of local breeds of agricultural animals, which are breeding material for the creation of new ones and the improvement of existing ones, meets the requirements of the FAO - the protection of biological diversity. The study of the genetic structure of cows of the local Lebedyn breed, which was bred in Ukraine, with the use of cytogenetic and molecular genetic methods, is aimed at establishing information about the structure of the gene pool of these animals and the uniqueness of their genotype. Cytogenetic monitoring showed that the modal number of chromosomes corresponded to the species norm and was 2n=60, no constitutional abnormalities in the form of Robertsonian translocations were detected, the average frequency of genomic disorders (aneuploidy) was 10,2±2,10%, polyploidy was not manifested. structural disorders (chromosomal breaks) accounted for 3,1±1,88% and asynchronous separation of the centromeric regions of chromosomes – 0,8±0,10%. The average share of cytogenetic parameters of cells was determined: lymphocytes with micronucleus – 3,6±0,61‰, binucleus lymphocytes – 4,3±0,97‰ and mitotic index – 3,7±1,20‰. An analysis of the genetic structure of the local, small-numbered Lebedyn cattle breed of Ukraine was carried out using 8 ISSR-systems. All 8 microsatellite primers showed high efficiency. ISSR labeling revealed 88 amplified DNA fragments, of which only 18 were polymorphic. The total share of polymorphic loci was 25,45%. 11 species-specific loci for (ACC)6G, 5 loci for (CTC)6C, 10 for (GAG)6C, 7 for (GA)6CC, 10 for (AG)8CG, 9 for (AG)8CA, 13 for (GA)9C and 14 for (AG)9C. It was established that the studied animals were characterized by karyotype stability, reduced sensitivity to mutagenic factors of various nature, absence of inbreeding depression and reproductive isolation.

Partial deletion of 10p is a rare disorder. Common features of this disorder include intellectual disability, developmental delay, dysmorphic features, hypoparathyroidism, deafness, and renal anomalies, but the phenotypes can vary between patients. We report an infant girl presented with global developmental delay, distinctive facial features with cleft lip, congenital exotropia, laryngomalacia, atrial septal defect, and sensorineural hearing loss. 46, XX, del (10p→ter) was observed on the G-banded analysis. A chromosomal microarray was performed to obtain more detail on the deletion size and gene involvement that might be related to the clinical phenotypes, medical problems, and management. The deletion involved the region of 10p15.3–p12.31, with an approximate size of 19.528739 Mb. The size of deletion could determine the variability in phenotypes, and microarray is necessary to comprehend the deletion size and gene involvement better.

Phenylketonuria (PKU) is an autosomal recessive inborn error of metabolism with an incidence that varies throughout the world. PKU is caused by loss of function variants in the phenylalanine hydroxylase gene. This loss of function leads to the accumulation of an amino acid, phenylalanine (Phe), that can reach toxic levels in the blood. PKU is managed with a medical diet and sometimes with medication. If diagnosed early and with strict dietary control, neurocognitive deficits can be prevented. There is an important need to ensure the timely diagnosis of PKU and to develop newer therapies to treat this metabolic disorder.

Pancreatic damage and pancreatic cancer pose significant challenges due to their complex pathogenesis, limited treatment options, and poor prognosis. In recent years, the potential use of human Mesenchymal Stem Cells (hMSCs) has been explored to address these complex pancreatic conditions and develop novel therapeutics. hMSCs, known for their regenerative and immunomodulatory properties, offer a novel therapeutic avenue for repairing damaged tissues and possibly inhibiting cancer progression. This communication discusses current research findings on the application of hMSCs in pancreatic damage and cancer treatment while evaluating hMSC-mediated gene therapy in pancreatic disorders. Moreover, the challenges and considerations associated with hMSC-based therapies and the potential best therapeutic approaches are discussed. Furthermore, the current scientific evidence regarding hMSCs in revolutionizing the management of pancreatic damage and cancer, offering future perspectives for improved therapeutic strategies for patients facing these daunting conditions, is critically discussed.

Editorial<strong>The Intersection of Nutrigenetics, Nutrigenomics, and the Microbiome in Human Health</strong>Giuseppe Merra <sup>*</sup>Section of Clinical Nutrition and Nutrigenomics, Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy; E-Mail: <a href="mailto:giuseppe.merra@uniroma2.it">giuseppe.merra@uniroma2.it</a> * <strong>Correspondence:</strong> Giuseppe Merra; E-Mail: <a href="mailto:giuseppe.merra@uniroma2.it">giuseppe.merra@uniroma2.it</a><strong>Special Issue</strong>: <a href="https://www.lidsen.com/journals/genetics/genetics-special-issues/nutrigenetics-nutrigenomics">New Advances in Nutrigenetics and Nutrigenomics</a><em>OBM Genetics</em>2024, volume 8, issue 3doi:10.21926/obm.genet.2403251<strong>Received:</strong> July 03, 2024<strong>Accepted:</strong> July 03, 2024<strong>Published:</strong> July 09, 2024

Infertility affects millions globally, with 10-15% of couples experiencing unexplained cases. Despite advancements in medicine, the cause remains unknown, causing emotional distress. Recent research suggests a genetic basis for this issue. This review aims to provide a better understanding of the underlying genetic factors contributing to unexplained infertility and potentially identify genetic markers that could aid in the diagnosis and treatment of this condition. A literature review was conducted to understand the genetic basis of unexplained infertility. Relevant articles from databases like PubMed and Google Scholar were analyzed, covering topics like genetics, chromosomal abnormalities, genetic markers, and fertility, resulting in 50 articles. The literature review revealed that there is a strong correlation between unexplained infertility and chromosomal abnormalities. Several studies have reported an increased rate of chromosomal abnormalities in couples with unexplained infertility compared to those with normal fertility. Around 10% of couples with unexplained infertility had chromosomal abnormalities, with the most common being translocations. A higher rate of chromosomal abnormalities in couples with unexplained infertility who had a history of recurrent miscarriages. The review reveals a significant genetic component to unexplained infertility, with chromosomal abnormalities in affected couples indicating underlying genetic factors. Further research is needed to identify specific genetic markers for diagnosis and treatment, potentially leading to personalized treatment options. Genetic counseling and testing should be considered for couples with recurrent miscarriages to identify potential abnormalities and provide appropriate support.

The present study introduces Snips2HLA-HsG, an integrated application designed for SNP genotype analysis and HLA allele type prediction. Leveraging attribute bagging, a powerful ensemble classifier technique from the Bioconductor HIBAG package, Snips2HLA-HsG offers a comprehensive response for genetic analysis. Accessible via <a href="https://snips2hla.shinyapps.io/hla_home/">https://snips2hla.shinyapps.io/hla_home/</a>, the application distinguishes itself by prioritizing user-friendliness and integrating all-purpose functionalities, including sample preparation, model generation, HLA prediction, and accuracy assessment. In contrast to the fragmented landscape of existing HLA imputation software, this study addresses the need for an integrated, user-centric platform. By streamlining processes and enhancing accessibility, Snips2HLA-HsG ensures usability, even for biologists with limited computer proficiency. Future updates will address the choice between one or ten classifiers, aiming to optimize server utility and meet research needs effectively by adding more classifiers to utilize multiple cores for faster calculations. Looking ahead, Snips2HLA-HsG will undergo regular updates and maintenance to ensure continued effectiveness and relevance in genetic research. Maintenance efforts will focus on resolving issues or bugs and providing ongoing user support.