The phenomenon and kinetics of the ethanol extraction of canola oil from microwave-pretreated seeds was studied using a Fick’s diffusion model. The extraction was performed in a batch system at constant temperature (313–333 K) at different times (300–64 800 s); then the total solvent-free extracts (SFE) were washed with hexane, obtaining oil as a hexane-soluble fraction (HSE) along a hexane-insoluble fraction. The values of the fitted parameters were different from those obtained by hexane extraction, showing an influence of the solvent on the kinetic parameters. A comparison of SEM images of pre-extracted, post-extracted with ethanol and post-extracted with hexane meals showed a dilution of the structural matrix with ethanol, not observed in post-extraction samples with hexane. This would indicate that a microwave-pretreatment is not necessary for the ethanol extraction of canola oil under the studied conditions, although it is important for breaking seed structures to facilitate the conventional extraction with hexane.

The parasitic angiosperm Orobanche cumana is present in the main sunflower-producing countries around the world. In recent years, more aggressive races of broomrape have evolved and the parasite has rapidly spread to new areas. A similar trend has been observed in the Republic of Moldova. At the beginning of 1950s, broomrape was detected in Moldova, especially in the southern areas. Currently, all the known races of Orobanche are present in the country and the parasite has expanded considerably on new areas in the center and north. Based on these results and the data reported by other authors, related to influence of climate change on the phytosanitary situation, we studied the interdependence between the climate and the distribution of Orobanche cumana Wallr. over different parts of the Republic of Moldova. Prevalence of broomrape infection mainly in the southern and central part of the Republic of Moldova and its sporadic presence in the northern part can be influenced, not only by short rotations, type of sunflower hybrids grown and soil parameters, but also by the weather conditions such as higher temperatures and lower humidity in the south and center. Based on multiannual data and trends observed in recent years, characterized by an increase in temperature and decrease of relative humidity, we conclude that climate change will create favorable conditions for infecting sunflower plants in all the areas where sunflowers are grown, including the expansion of broomrape to the north of Moldova.

This study investigated alternative solvents: ethanol and isopropanol, to replace hexane and enhance the quality and value of oil and meal. Rapeseed oil extraction was carried out using ethanol (92 wt.% or 96 wt.%), isopropanol (84 wt.% or 88 wt.%) or hexane (as reference). Results show that hydroalcoholic extraction increased meal protein content by 13% compared to hexane extraction, but without significant influence of alcohol and water content. However, increasing water content improved glucosinolate extractability. Isopropanol 84 wt.% eliminated most glucosinolates from the seeds, decreasing glucosinolate concentration by 49–73% compared to meals extracted by the other alcohols.

In this study, the pumpkin seed oils used were obtained from roasted and unroasted seeds of the two varieties called “Nevşehir Çerçevelisi” and “Ürgüp Sivrisi”, belonging to the speciesCucurbita pepo. Oil extraction, from seeds subjected to three different pretreatments (unsalted, dry salted and wet salted) before roasting and sun-dried unroasted seeds, was carried out by means of a screw press. Pumpkin seed oils were analyzed for quality and antioxidant characteristics. The p-anisidine, peroxide and TBARS (thiobarbutiric acid reactive substances) values of oils obtained from sun-dried unroasted seeds and roasted seeds after wet salting process were lower than the other sample groups (p < 0.05). The obtained oils were rich in Zn, Fe, Mg, Se, Ca, K and Na minerals, and palmitic, stearic, oleic and linoleic fatty acids. In the oils, β + γ tocopherols content ranged from 131.78 to 881.77 mg/kg oil, δ-tocopherol content ranged from 3.22 to 8.67 mg/kg oil. Total phenolic matter content ranged from 1.35 to 3.62 mg gallic acid equivalent (EAG)/g. ABTS+radical scavenging activity of the oils obtained from sun-dried-unroasted seeds and roasted seeds after wet salting process was determined higher than the other oil samples (p < 0.05).

The Amazon region has richness of oleaginous plants that have attracted attention due to its unique properties. Integrating local communities in an economic chain of valorization of fats/oils can enhance the social dimension of local oleaginous industry sustainability. Given the large diversity of raw materials and the possibility to mix them in different proportions, an experimental effort must be done to evaluate the physical properties of such feedstocks. In this context, the development of computational tools able to estimate physical properties based on rigorous thermodynamic models can orient the experimental efforts thorough the mixtures of fats and oils most promising. The evaluation of the melting curves of nine Amazonian oils and fats is done by using thermodynamic modeling of the solid-liquid equilibrium and optimization tools. The binary blends of different raw materials were also evaluated. An average absolute error of 4.5 °C was observed for the melting point and an absolute error of 3.8% was observed for the Solid Fat Content predictions over different temperatures and blends composition.

Au cours de l'histoire evolutive des plantes a fleurs, l'apparition des nectaires floraux a permis de substituer le pollen par du nectar pour attirer les animaux pollinisateurs, permettant de diminuer les couts de la pollinisation animale lies a la consommation du pollen. Dans les productions de semence hybride des cultures entomophiles, connaitre le niveau de secretion nectarifere des lignees en presence, mâle fertile (MF) et mâle sterile (MS), est important si l'on souhaite maximiser les transferts de pollen entre les deux. Dans cet article, nous faisons tout d'abord une revue des methodes qui existent pour mesurer la secretion nectarifere, puis retenons celle qui mesure un taux de secretion brut, qui permet d'exprimer une vitesse de secretion, pour l'utiliser sur deux lignees de colza d'hiver ( Brassica napus L.), la variete hybride F1 Exocet MF et son parent MS. Nous montrons que la secretion nectarifere du colza est constante sur un intervalle de temps de 6–8 heures durant les heures du jour, que cette secretion admet une temperature optimale se situant entre 20 °C et 30 °C, et qu'elle est autour de deux fois moindre chez le parent MS par rapport a la lignee F1. Ces resultats permettent de proposer une methode de mesure rigoureuse pour comparer la secretion nectarifere entre lignees ou varietes. Nous concluons sur les principales autres variables dont il faudrait tenir compte pour notamment pouvoir estimer la quantite totale de nectar secretee par une surface donnee de culture.

4 years an international conference held in Paris "Lipids & Brain Journées Chevreul" with the participation of several European scientific associations (2007 DGF, 2011 Norway L&B, 2015 SCI).In October (from Sunday 8th to Wednesday 11th October 2017), only 2 years after the large success of the last one in 2015, SFEL organizes in Nancy a special Lipid and Brain IV dedicated to "Lipids in Alzheimer disease".More than twenty international speakers will present the latest findings about therapies, new vectors and strategies to fight against this world growing disease.This congress aims at gathering various scientist communities, medical practitians, nutritionists, biochemists, neuroscientists to develop prevention and treatments against this human pathology.Pr Stephen Cunnane will be honoured for his research on Alzheimer disease and will give a talk entitled "is ketone production part of the role of omega-3 fatty acids in the brain?"For more information: https://lipidsandbrain.event.univlorraine.fr GERLI meeting Dijon 2017The 13th GERLI Lipidomics meeting entitled "Fatty acids and lipopolysaccharide from health to diseases" will held from 23 to 25 October 2017, in Dijon (France).The medieval city of Dijon, capital of the Dukes of Burgundy, is also the gateway to the most prestigious Burgundy vineyards.This international meeting will be dedicated to fatty acids and lipopolysaccharides, and an open session entitled "emerging topics/open session" will be devoted to recent and emerging data related to other domains of lipids and lipidomics.For more information, visit the website: gerlidijon2017.com JFN 2017 : demandez le programme !Le programme scientifique détaillé de l'édition 2017 des JFN (Journées francophones de nutrition), qui se tiendront du 13 au 15 décembre 2017 à Nantes, est en ligne sur le site dédié www.lesjfn.fr.Via une recherche par mots-clés, retrouvez les sessions qui rejoignent vos points d'intérêt et ajoutez-les à votre agenda. États généraux de l'alimentation

À Journées Chevreul" with the participation of a range of European scientific associations (2007 DGF; 2011 Norway L&B ; 2015 SCI).In 2017, the SFEL is organizing at Lorraine University a special "Lipid and Brain IV" dedicated to "Lipids in Alzheimer disease" with the objective of assembling leading members of the medical and scientific communities to discuss their latest findings and to develop exchanges between physicians, nutritionists and fundamental scientists in order that the prevention and treatment of this human pathology might be rendered more effective.

The purpose of this study is the evaluation of flavor profiles of monovarietal virgin olive oils (VOO) produced in the Oriental region of Morocco via the characterization of volatile compounds, using SPME-GC/MS technique, and the determination of total phenolic content (colorimetric method). The study concerns oils of three European olive cultivars ( Arbosana , Arbequina and Koroneiki ) which were recently introduced in Morocco under irrigated high-density plantation system. GC/MS aroma profiles of analyzed VOOs showed the presence of 35 volatile compounds. The major compounds in such oils are C6 compounds produced from linoleic and linolenic acids via lipoxygenase pathway such as trans -2-hexenal, cis -2-hexenal, cis -3-hexen-1-ol, trans -3-hexen-1-ol, trans -3-hexen-1-ol acetate, hexanal and 1-hexanol in different proportions depending on the cultivar ( p Arbequina oil has a high proportion of compounds with sensory notes “green” and “sweet” giving it a fruity sensation compared to Arbosana and Koroneiki . In parallel, Arbosana and Koroneiki oils are rich in phenolic compounds and provide relatively bitter and pungent tastes to these oils.