Many real-world decision-making problems involve multiple decision-making stages and various objectives. Besides, most decisions need to be made before having complete knowledge about all aspects of the problem, leaving some sort of uncertainty. Deep uncertainty happens when the degree of uncertainty is so high that the probability distributions are not confidently knowable. In this situation, using wrong probability distributions leads to failure. Scenarios, instead, should be used to evaluate the consequences of any decisions in different plausible futures and find a robust solution. In this study, we proposed a novel multi-stage multi-scenario multi-objective optimisation framework for adaptive/dynamic robust decision-making under deep uncertainty using a more flexible definition of robustness by incorporating the risk attitude of the decision-makers. In this definition, a robust decision is one that performs relatively well (acceptable) in a broad range of scenarios. Two approaches, named multi-stage multi-scenario multi-objective and two-stage moving horizon, have been proposed and compared. Finally, the proposed approaches are applied in a case study of sequential portfolio selection under deep uncertainty, and the robustness of their solutions is discussed. • Propose a novel adaptive multi-stage robust multi-objective optimisation framework. • Expand the min–max robustness definition, incorporating the planner’s risk attitudes. • The proposed framework generates less-conservative, adaptable, robust decisions. • Propose a moving horizon approach for optimisation-based monitoring and adaptation. • A sequential portfolio selection case study under deep uncertainty is considered.

The death of a beloved animal can lead to profound grief, akin to the loss of a human loved one. Yet, it is often minimized by societal norms, resulting in disenfranchised grief for many pet guardians and animal caregivers. This qualitative phenomenological study, grounded in meaning reconstruction theory, explored the emotional and mental health impacts of such grief, support interventions perceived as most helpful, and the validation needs of grieving individuals. Semi-structured interviews with 31 animal caregivers underwent thematic analysis, revealing three central themes: The Psychological Toll of Disenfranchised Grief, highlighting emotional burden and isolation; Meaning-Making and Continued Bonds After Loss, describing remembrance, transformation, and connection; and The Restorative Role of Social Recognition, emphasizing healing through validation. Findings underscore the importance of social context, continued bonds, and meaning-making, with implications for psychologists, counselors, educators, and organizations to acknowledge and validate grief that is not culturally or professionally recognized.

This study explored the longitudinal relationships among post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms, non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI) severity, and suicidality in at-risk Korean adolescents. Using a two-wave dataset (Wave 1: March-June 2022; Wave 2: August 2022-January 2023), a cross-lagged panel model was employed to investigate bidirectional and mediating pathways among these variables. The sample consisted of 203 adolescents with histories of both traumatic experiences and NSSI. Results indicated that PTSD symptoms significantly predicted increases in both NSSI severity and suicidality over time. Additionally, earlier suicidality predicted heightened PTSD symptoms at a later time point, suggesting a cyclical and reciprocal relationship among trauma-related symptoms and self-destructive behaviors. These findings highlight the complex interplay between PTSD, NSSI, and suicidality in adolescents and underscore the need for integrated intervention approaches.

Cases of terminal lucidity (TL) in children have recently been documented in contemporary literature, yet no studies have examined the impact on caregivers of witnessing TL in children. Using an online survey, this study assessed the impact of witnessing TL in children on seven caregivers who described a total of 11 cases of TL in children. Findings revealed that witnessing TL in children was considered a spiritual experience that influenced caregivers' belief systems. All caregivers had disclosed what they had witnessed to others, resulting in a mixture of skeptical and accepting reactions. Findings suggest witnessing TL in children may initiate a spiritual transformation that has similar implications for enhancing end-of-life care and creating 'space' for TL to be perceived as a natural part of the dying process in terminally ill children.

Suicide is a leading cause of death in the U.S. and has risen over the past 15 years, including among military personnel. This study explores virtual reality (VR) training as a peer-based suicide prevention tool in a military context, comparing it to traditional in-person training. Data from 738 participants at Fairchild Air Force Base assessed confidence, willingness to intervene, and competency using the ACE (Ask, Care, Escort) model and lethal means safety communication, both immediately and after three months. VR training showed higher engagement, with stronger net promoter scores and greater willingness to recommend. Participants trained in VR were more likely to intervene and reported it as more time-efficient without sacrificing content quality. Qualitative feedback emphasized VR's immersive and engaging experience. Findings suggest VR is a promising, scalable approach to suicide prevention, particularly for younger service members, enhancing peer intervention skills without relying on traditional mental health services.

This study aims to investigate the lived experiences of families who lost their loved ones during the COVID-19 pandemic after four years. This was a phenomenological study. 17 individuals were interviewed. The interviews were done from April 15 to May 30, 2024. An in-depth semi-structured interview was used to collect data. The interviews were recorded, transcribed verbatim, and analyzed using Colaizzi's approach. Four main categories and 18 sub-categories were extracted. Categories include emotional and physical reactions; rumination; social reactions, and sources of support for bereaved families during COVID-19. Additionally, the findings revealed that the repercussions of bereavement, especially rumination due to social restrictions of the COVID-19 pandemic, are still profound and enduring for families, affecting their psychological, emotional, and social well-being. The long-lasting effects of the COVID-19 pandemic underscore the necessity for increased awareness and understanding within communities to foster supportive environments for those grieving.