A glandular neoplasm with p53 and/or p16-overexpression on endometrial biopsy specimens may raise the concern of other entities such as serous carcinoma, HPV-related endocervical adenocarcinoma, and gastric-type adenocarcinoma. An immunohistochemical panel including hormone receptors, p53, p16 and mismatch repair proteins appears necessary for an accurate diagnosis of uterine adenocarcinomas.

Despite initial challenges, recognising the value of Pathologists' Assistants is crucial for effective collaboration and optimal utilisation of their skills. Addressing unresolved issues, such as institutionalising their role and improving academic training, is essential. Creating a community of practice and fostering effective communication and professional development are key to successful integration. Further research and stakeholder collaboration are needed to integrate Pathologists' Assistants into the healthcare system fully.

In this study, we provide real-world experience on RNA-based NGS analysis in patients with advanced stage NSCLC.

According to the recently published paper by the Lancet Commission on prostate cancer (PCa) 1, the projections of new cases of PCa will rise from 1.4 million in 2020 to 2.9 million by 2040. Such a rise cannot be prevented by public health interventions and lifestyle changes. Late diagnosis of PCa is "widespread worldwide but especially in low-income and middle-income countries" 1. The best way to cope with the harm due to the increase in case numbers is to develop systems for earlier diagnosis. Early diagnosis systems will have to integrate the growing power of artificial intelligence (AI), including digital pathology (DP) diagnostics, to aid the interpretation of prostate tissue specimens 1. This contribution aims to point out how DP and AI can help pathologists for the prostate cancer "tsunami" about to come.

A 46-year-old female complained of cough and dyspnea. A chest X-ray and CT scan showed a solitary subpleural pulmonary nodule in the left upper lobe. Surgical resection was performed. The frozen examination was presumptive of a benign/low grade lesion, likely a carcinoid. Definitive histology revealed uniformly sized eosinophilic cells arranged in solid nests, immunoreactive for epithelial membrane antigen and progesterone receptors. The diagnosis of grade 1 meningothelial meningioma was finally achieved. This case of a meningioma mimicking a carcinoid tumor highlights its rarity and warns diagnostic specialists of the potential for misdiagnosis and overtreatment.

SummaryHepatocellular carcinoma typically metastasizes within the liver and may involve extrahepatic sites such as the lungs, adrenal glands, and bones at advanced stages. However, hepatocellular carcinoma metastasis to the thyroid is very uncommon and tumor-to-tumor metastasis from a hepatocellular cancer to a thyroid neoplasm is extremely rare. In this report, we present a case of a 70-year-old man with a hepatocellular carcinoma metastasizing to oncocytic thyroid carcinoma, emphasizing the importance of clinical history and of a multidisciplinary approach, as well as the usefulness of site-specific immunohistochemical markers, in diagnosing and managing cases of Rosai’s metastasis, especially when donor and recipient neoplasms share similar histologic features.

Small series and individual cases of penile soft tissue tumours are reported in the literature: these are rare tumours that represent less than 5% of all penile tumours. Penile soft tissue tumours were collected from the archive of the Department of Pathology at the Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori of Milan between January 1990 and October 2021. All available medical records were retrieved and reviewed to obtain clinical information. Our series refers to the 30-year experience of highlighting the heterogeneity in the presentation and microscopic features of these rare sarcomas. 18 penile soft tissue tumours are described, 4 benign and 14 malignant. The mean age at diagnosis was 58.2 years (range 24-96 years) and 53.6 years among malignancies (range 24-89). The most frequent histotype was Kaposi's sarcoma (nr = 4) and very unusual histotypes were observed, namely low-grade fibromyxoid sarcoma, synovial sarcoma, proximal type epithelioid sarcoma and the first reported case of dedifferentiated liposarcoma of the penis. Among sarcomas of the genitourinary tract, tumours of the soft tissues of the penis are the rarest. Penile sarcomas can present at a young age. Kaposi's sarcoma in HIV-negative patients has a favorable outcome, while deep sarcomas have an aggressive behavior and poor prognosis.

While the COVID-19 pandemic has declined the rate of lung cancer diagnosis worldwide, some institutions have significantly limited detrimental effects. Histology related to early SARS-CoV-2 infection in surgical samples for lung cancer revealed specific histologic changes.