The placenta supports intrauterine life through nutritional, immunologic, and endocrine functions.Hofbauer cells (HBCs) are a unique population of fetal-derived macrophages originating from fetal mesoderm that play crucial roles in regulating pregnancy.CD68 macrophages promote placental cell growth via angiogenesis induction and are predominantly located in the endosomal/lysosomal compartment within cells.To evaluate the histological and immunohistochemical expression of CD68 for HBCs and their density in placentae of different sizes.Human placental samples (n=50) were collected from Al-Qimma Surgical Hospital from normal vaginal deliveries of women aged 18-34 years.Specimens were classified into three groups based on diameter and weight: Group A (small: diameter <21cm, thickness <2.0cm, weight 460g), Group B (large: diameter >26cm, thickness >2.6cm, weight 500g), and Group C (control: diameter 22-25cm, thickness 2.0-2.5cm,weight 470-499g).Paraffin-embedded sections underwent H&E staining and immunohistochemical staining for CD68.Quantitative analysis was performed using Aperio ImageScope software with Positive Pixel Count algorithms.IHC expression of CD68 for HBCs was recorded as 63,69031,306, 65,31232,407, and 113,46983,188 pixels per micron for small, large, and control group placentae, respectively.Higher expression was observed in control and large placentae compared to small placentae.Tertiary villi revealed more syncytial knots in small placentae than in large and normal-sized placentae.Low HBCs with abundant syncytial knots were more prevalent in intervillous spaces of small placentae.CD68 immunohistochemical expression serves as a specific marker for HBC detection.This study demonstrates that CD68(+) HBCs are involved in different placental structural states and are associated with developmental maturation of the placental unit.Higher CD68 expression in larger placentae indicates better placental health status.

Engaging in physical activity outside with sun exposure yields advantages from both the exercise and the synthesis of vitamin D in the body.A lipophilic molecule with antioxidant properties, vitamin D is necessary to maintain the mineral balance in the body.The skin can produce vitamin D internally by exposure to UV light from the sun.Walking is a physical activity that necessitates advanced executive functions.Walking enhances executive function and vitamin D levels, and this study aimed to establish the link between the two.The study used a quasi-experimental approach, including randomized pre-and post-test control groups.Random assignment was used to place study participants into either the walking intervention group or the control group.Both groups underwent pre-and post-testing to ascertain the variance in average executive function and vitamin D levels.All participants had their executive function and vitamin D levels measured.The results indicate substantial alterations in preand post-executive function scores and levels of vitamin D in the walking intervention and control groups, both of which had p<0.05.A positive correlation was discovered between walking, executive function, and vitamin D levels.Outdoor walking is an effective physical activity for preserving executive function and vitamin D levels.

This study undertakes a comprehensive analysis of the Jordanian state's political and legal responses to the challenges brought about by rapid digital transformation and the increasing influence of social media platforms between 2020 and 2025.The research specifically investigates the development and effects of new media policies designed to strike a balance between the imperatives of digital governance and security on the one hand, and the requirements of legitimacy and freedom of expression on the other.Employing a descriptive-analytical methodology, the study examines the legislative framework, governmental strategies, human rights reports, and available data pertaining to Jordan's digital landscape.Through this approach, the research identifies a distinct trend toward what can be characterized as a "digital authoritarian governance" model, which is most notably embodied in the 2023 Cybercrime Law.This legislative and policy orientation has succeeded in strengthening state control over digital spaces; however, it has also resulted in significant drawbacks.The findings of the analysis reveal that while enhanced control may serve security objectives, it simultaneously undermines the legitimacy of media policies and restricts freedom of expression.This shift has created an atmosphere of legal uncertainty, which in turn poses risks to innovation and the overall growth of the digital economy in the long term.Based on these observations, the study concludes that achieving a fair and sustainable balance between security and freedom requires a thorough reassessment of the current approach.It advocates for the adoption of a participatory framework in which the protection of digital rights is central to both governance and security strategies.To this end, the research recommends revising the Cybercrime Law to better align with international standards, fostering constructive dialogue between the state and civil society, and establishing a digital governance model capable of safeguarding security without compromising individual freedoms.

Cupping therapy (Al-Hijama) remains a widely practiced complementary therapy in Arab and Muslim communities; however, its safe application depends on practitioners' knowledge and adherence to infection control measures.This study examined the knowledge and safety practices of Al-Hijama practitioners at community cupping centers in Qatar using a structured knowledge-practice assessment framework.An analytical crosssectional study was conducted in 2023 among 120 practitioners working in five licensed cupping centers.Data were collected using a semi-structured questionnaire assessing knowledge related to cupping therapy and an observational checklist evaluating infection control practices before, during, and after cupping.Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and analytical relationships.Results indicated notable deficiencies in practitioners' knowledge regarding general uses, indications, contraindications, and safety measures of cupping therapy, alongside low baseline adherence to infection control practices, particularly in hand hygiene, equipment disinfection, documentation, and post-procedure care.The overall mean pre-test practice score was 9.59 (SD 4.07).A statistically significant positive correlation was observed between knowledge and practice scores (r = 0.681, p < 0.001), indicating that higher knowledge levels were associated with better safety practices.Overall, although Al-Hijama practitioners demonstrated basic awareness of cupping therapy, adherence to infection control standards was suboptimal.The findings highlight the need for structured education, standardized clinical guidelines, and continuous training programs to improve safe cupping practices and enhance patient safety in community cupping centers.

This study explores how English teachers manage the implementation of Third Space Pedagogy through Literature Circles in an Islamic Senior High School in Indonesia.Within a faith-based context where classroom practices are shaped by hierarchy and moral discipline, the research investigates how teachers negotiate between institutional authority, cultural values, and dialogic pedagogy.Using a qualitative case study design, data were collected through interviews, observations, and document analysis.The findings reveal that teachers enacted Third Space Pedagogy by (1) negotiating access to literary resources, (2) balancing institutional regulations with student autonomy, (3) fostering dialogic participation, (4) integrating reading and writing as transformative literacy, and (5) redefining achievement through negotiation and sustainability.Teachers acted as cultural mediators, blending Islamic ethics, such as ta'awun (collaboration), tafakkur (reflection), and akhlaq (ethics), with student-centered learning.The study concludes that sustaining Third Space Pedagogy in faith-based schools requires ongoing negotiation between innovation and institutional norms.It demonstrates that Literature Circles can function as culturally responsive and transformative pedagogical spaces that cultivate language proficiency, moral reflection, and student agency.

This study aims to analyze the factors that affect patient satisfaction in specialist clinics in West Sumatra.By focusing on three key variables (patient satisfaction, workload, and interpersonal communication skills and burnout), this study explores the direct and mediated influence of these variables on patient satisfaction, with quality of service as the mediating variable.This study used a cross sectional research method of quantitative data.Data was collected from nurses working in specialist clinics and patients who went to specialist clinics, statistical analysis using smartpls 4.0.Burnout, Interpersonal communication skills, Workload have a negative influence and have a significant direct effect on Service quality.Burnout, Interpersonal Communication skills, Workload have a negative influence and have a significant direct effect on Patient Satisfaction, but interpersonal communication skills do not have a significant effect on Patient Satisfaction.Service quality has a direct and significant positive influence on Patient Satisfaction.Burnout, Interpersonal communication skills and Workload indirectly have a negative effect on patient satisfaction through service quality mediation and have significant results

The study evaluates the extent to which sustainable financing restrains the poverty of individuals in the rural community of Blantyre, Malawi, with specific reference to the Project Innovation Centre (PIC) Business Development Fund.A quantitative research design was used in the study by gathering data from 150 borrowers of PIC Business Development Fund Microcredit.To find the effect of microcredit on the self-efficacy of a borrower, their loan use, and financial management, the quantitative approach using questionnaire was used.Findings revealed that the married people and those who spent three to five years in the area had the highest levels of trust in loan access.However, confidence lacks consistency in grouping demographically since the divorced and widowed participants are more perplexed.Although it enjoys great availability of loans, many of the respondents have little ability to make predictive, productive investment adjustments, accompanied by slight gains in financial planning.Such findings provide evidence that even though people are less bound in terms of the right to gain access to loans, unmet need exists due to insufficient understanding of how to utilize microfinance, extensive outreach efforts, and non-financial services.Whilst in such a strategically framed way of being, which relates actual borrowing requirements and entry-level capabilities, the long-term finance can help in the alleviation of poverty in the rural areas of Malawi, whereby the microcredits repayment is most likely to attain its maximum payoffs when used along with proactive customized support within the level of the actual abilities of the borrower.