ABSTRACT This article analyses the German words ‘Leib’ and ‘Körper’ that can both be translated as ‘the body’ in English and as ‘le corps’ in French. The human body is a central object in the philosophies of Friedrich Nietzsche and Michel Foucault. Whilst ‘Körper’, originating in Latin, commonly refers to the body, ‘Leib’ stems from Middle High German meaning ‘the body’, ‘life’, and ‘person’. Nietzsche’s use of ‘Leib’ must be understood as an idiosyncrasy, an Untranslatable following Cassin. In Nietzsche’s thought, he insists on the aspects of life and the will to live, positing that the body ought not to be abstracted in philosophy. I show that the word ‘Leib’ is functional in Nietzsche’s philosophy on which, in turn, Foucault draws. Walter Seitter’s German translations of Foucault, especially of the essay ‘Nietzsche, la généalogie, l’histoire’ (1971) and the book Surveiller et punir. Naissance de la prison (1975), alternate between ‘Leib’ and ‘Körper’ to translate Foucault’s ‘le corps’. This raises the question which of the two words is most effective in translating ‘the body’ in Foucault. I argue that Foucault problematises Nietzsche’s ‘Leib’ because the body’s vital force and personal intimacy are at stake in a new political economy of the body.

ABSTRACT This article presents an overview of world literature with regards to comparative and translation studies, notably through the publications of André Lefevere, Susan Bassnett and Edwin Gentzler, as an introduction to this thematic special issue, which showcases the variety of approaches and interests in literature by translation scholars. Although literary translation accounts for a small percentage of all the translation work carried out in the world, it continues to attract considerable attention on the part of academics and researchers. This interest is partly a result of the change of status of translated works since the mid-twentieth century, as translation research was gradually accepted as crucial by comparatists. The articles selected for this thematic issue, which look at literary translation in China, Latin America, Europe and India, analyze some important topics such as the role of translators as initiators of the translation process, the imprint they leave on the target texts and on the target cultures, the translation of gender and the significance of translation projects.

ABSTRACT As a significant embodiment of Chinese subalternity, the subject formation of rural migrant women presents the multiple power dynamics emerging in the course of modernisation, industrialisation and urbanisation in post-reform China. Northern Girls, a novel written by contemporary Chinese female writer Sheng Keyi, provides a realistic account of survival for this marginalised group of women that is intertwined with class, gender and rural–urban disparities. This paper takes this novel as a case study, exploring how the female subaltern subject is discursively reconstructed through literary translation. Regarding the English translation as part of the transcultural flow of ideas between Western and indigenous Chinese feminisms, this paper examines its translation strategies, demonstrating how gender stereotypes, misogynous discourse, power relations and female agency in a gendered subaltern narration are rewritten in a hegemonic language. The analysis reveals that the English version rearranges the intersectional dynamics of power in post-reform China. While the gendered autonomy and agency are reinforced in the target text, the discursive construction of the Chinese female subaltern is simplified by a hegemonic formation of feminism and modernity that underplays the original ‘reverse discourse’ in non-Western women’s writing.

ABSTRACT Scholars of legal translation have shown particular interest in the methods of multilingual legislative drafting that are used in several national and international institutions. The origin of these methods is usually traced back to Canada in the late 1970s. However, a prefiguration of co-drafting practices can be found in Switzerland several decades earlier: by the First World War, this officially multilingual country had already experimented with sophisticated measures to improve the quality of legislative translation. As there is only fragmentary knowledge of this historical precedent, this article proposes to study it in greater depth, with a view to explaining its lack of visibility in Legal Translation Studies. The study covers the period from the mid-nineteenth to the mid-twentieth century and is based on digitized institutional archives. It shows that the Swiss legislative process routinely involved collective bilingual work in German and French, including forms of co-revision and co-editing. It also shows how political factors contributed to the integration of Italian, the third official language. By contrast, the article places the emergence of the contemporary concept of co-drafting in its historical Canadian context. The conclusion highlights the potential contribution of such historical research to critical approaches to legal translation.

ABSTRACT Trauma is inherent to the experience of forced migration and resettlement in a foreign country. Adding to the ordeal, language barriers often hinder access to essential services and enhance feelings of dependency and loss of control. However, there is a dearth of literature exploring refugee language support, particularly interpreting, from the perspective of culturally-responsive, trauma-informed care. This paper presents findings from a qualitative study on the characteristics of interpreting for refugees in Aotearoa New Zealand in relation to trauma-informed practices. Relying on the experiences and views of 14 interpreters, the findings show a difficulty establishing interpreting in refugee contexts as a clearly bound setting within public service interpreting. The findings further suggest that interpreter work with refugees – and other vulnerable clients – is underpinned by a lack of dedicated training and recurrent challenges to the interpreters’ code of ethics. Additionally, interpreters working in this context often experience enhanced empathic responses, which can lead to instances of psycho-emotional distress. Consequently, this paper aims to shed light on the challenges of interpreting work with vulnerable populations, particularly refugees, and the need for culturally responsive, trauma-informed training to improve service delivery and protect the parties involved in the interpreted session.

"The Routledge handbook of translation and methodology." Perspectives, ahead-of-print(ahead-of-print), pp. 1–2

ABSTRACT The Nobel Prize in literature can be used as a tool for selecting high prestige literature, i.e., consecrated and canonised literature. This paper examines the Swedish publishing of six Nobel Prize in Literature laureates 1970–2016 that have a connection to an African country: John Maxwell Coetzee, Nadine Gordimer, Jean-Marie Gustave Le Clézio, Doris Lessing, Naguib Mahfouz, and Wole Soyinka. By examining all Swedish editions of the laureates, their respective publishing trajectories can be explored, which enables the study of publishing practices of high prestige literature in the Swedish semi-peripheral language space. The publishing trajectory of Wole Soyinka is interesting, since he was introduced in Swedish by the independent publishing house Cavefors förlag. Cavefors was important as a publisher of African literature in Sweden, and was invested in ‘the African question’. Cavefors was able to stabilise their financial situation thanks to the Swedish state financial subsidy for translated and literary valuable fiction, introduced in 1975. All these aspects play an important part in understanding the mechanisms activated by the Nobel Prize and its consequences for the publishing of translated high prestige literature in the Swedish context.

ABSTRACT This paper reports on an investigation of the interactions between source speech difficulty, interpreters’ work experience and their note-taking behaviour in video remote interpreting. 20 professional interpreters and 29 student interpreters consecutively interpreted two easy segments and two difficult segments from English (L2) to Chinese (L1), with their eye and pen movements being registered by a Tobii eye-tracker and a Wacom digital pen. The results show that: (1) an increase of perceived interpreting difficulty led to a decrease in the overt visual attention and physical effort invested in note-taking, and a longer time to make note-taking decisions; (2) although the professionals and students reported a similar level of interpreting difficulty, the professionals devoted more overt visual attention and physical effort to completing the note-taking activity in interpreting than the students; and (3) the cognitive effort of note-taking was not affected by changes in source speech difficulty or interpreter work experience. These findings indicate that: (1) interpreting experience accumulation does not entail reductions in task-difficulty perception or the cognitive effort of note-taking but increases the amount of effort interpreters devote to note-taking; and (2) increased task difficulty affects time management during note-taking but not the cognitive effort of note-taking.

"¿Pasarán? Kommunikation im Spanischen Bürgerkrieg. Interacting with the Spanish Civil War." Perspectives, ahead-of-print(ahead-of-print), pp. 1–2

ABSTRACT In this article we report on an experiment examining audience experience when two different audio description (AD) intonation types are used. Following the classification put forward by Cabeza-Cáceres (2013), we tested twenty participants with vision loss who were asked to listen to twenty film clips with AD voiced following the adapted and emphatic intonation. All clips were rated as evoking emotions, either positive or negative. Participants’ experience was measured through heart rate variability, a self-assessment emotional response (Self-Assessment Manikin), a self-assessment presence questionnaire (ITC-SOPI) and an interview. Results show that participants strongly preferred adapted intonation, particularly when presented clips were evoking negative emotions. Higher rating of intonation type was also linked to greater intensity of the emotional experience and immersion, both self-reported and measured as psychophysiological reaction. The qualitative analysis of the participants’ reports on their experience indicated that adapted intonation is considered a golden mean between emotionless and melodramatic intonation. Film genre, voice type and emotional valence can be influencing factors. Emphatic intonation could be beneficial for certain genres, but a poorly-matched voice can distract the audiences.