ABSTRACT Scientific and public health knowledge must be communicated efficiently to the public during a health crisis to allow communities to prepare, respond and recover. Public briefings and national campaigns are important components of this communication, and sign language interpreting may be an element of this process. This paper examines the experiences of sign language interpreters during the COVID-19 crisis in Ireland and the UK, and explores their role in providing access to scientific and public health information for the Deaf or hard of hearing (DHH) community. Findings are based on interviews conducted in the first half of 2020 with 16 Irish Sign Language (ISL) or British Sign Language (BSL) interpreters or science communicators, 11 of whom had direct experience of interpreting during COVID-19 briefings. These interviews constitute authentic accounts of sign language interpreters working during a global health crisis. Interviews were qualitatively analysed to discuss how specialised competence and scientific understanding factored into participants' experiences and to derive lessons to inform future crises.

ABSTRACT Governments not only develop translation policies in the ‘strict domain of public and political affairs’, but also ‘implement legal rules for the importation and export of all sorts of cultural products’. This study, which looks at the book translation of the China Foreign Languages Bureau, is an exploration of the latter kind. FLB is China’s state agency of international communication established in 1949. In over seventy years, it has published translations in book form in different languages for export, with topics ranging from politics to economics, from literature to art and even natural sciences. This article makes use of González Núñez’s model of translation policy in tracing the diachronic transformation of FLB’s book translation policy as found in its translation management and translation beliefs in its first 50 years. Then, a bibliometric analysis of the actual translation practice is conducted, with a view to explicating the distribution of text types and topics over the years and its relatedness to the management and beliefs. As a study in institutional translation, this article also aims to shed light on the institutional forces that shape the production of translation.

ABSTRACT ‘Transcreation’ has appeared in the last decade as a translation-related activity consisting in the creative reinterpretation of texts to suit the characteristics of an intended audience. However, the scientific literature surrounding transcreation does not offer a homogenous definition of the term. Given these disparities, the main objective of this work is to create a reliable source of reviewed scientific information about the topic. A sample of scientific works regarding the topic ‘transcreation’ has been compiled from databases and repositories of recognized reliability and has been analyzed with a qualitative data analysis software (NVivo). Findings show that research on transcreation expanded significantly between 2015 and 2019 and that most studies are of a qualitative nature. A critical analysis of the content connects transcreation with other fields of research: translation, communication, advertising and poetry. Following a concept-centric approach, this Systematic Literature Review has permitted the formulation of definitions for transcreation and the landscape of academic research on the topic to be outlined.

Susannah Radstone and Rita Wilson’s edited volume Translating Worlds: Migration, Memory, and Culture deals with the complex issues of migration and memory in translation across various domains, cul...

ABSTRACT As a result of globalization, multilingual movies have grown in number since the late 1980s. Following this increase, the issue of the third language (L3) has been a momentous challenge in translation, particularly in dubbing. It becomes even more challenging when L3 is an invented language. To shed light on this issue, the translation strategies employed in Persian dubbed versions of multilingual movies were investigated. By adopting Corrius and Zabalbeascoa's model of L3 analysis, six invented languages selected from two movies, Avatar and The Hobbit, were examined. These languages were Na'vi, Sindarin, Quenya, Khuzdul, Ancient Dwarvish, and Black Speech. In doing so, all the available Persian dubbed versions of the selected movies were taken into consideration to scrutinize possible translation strategies. The results revealed how the strategic operations change vis-à-vis the priority of the third language visibility. Moreover, among three possible primary operations for translating L3, namely repetition, deletion, and substitution (with L2), repetition of L3 had the highest frequency. We hope to raise awareness about the importance, challenges, and practical considerations of translating invented languages as L3s in audiovisual products.

ABSTRACT The success of the English translation of Jin Yong's martial arts novel The Legend of Condor Heroes ('LCH') has challenged the view that Jin's works are untranslatable, demanding new scholarly interpretations. With a corpus-aided approach, this paper investigates the translator's narrative intervention based on the omissions in LCH's English translation. This study demonstrates an average omission rate of 21.1%, with most omitted content falling into three categories, namely, historical-cultural information, fighting-scene information, and character-perception information. The omissions have reshaped LCH's narrative structure with the removal of actions at the story level, the shortening of narrative time at the narrative level, and the transformation of consciousness presentation and the reduction of narratorial interference at the narration level. Such intervention is aimed at resolving the conflicts of narrative norms between the source and target cultures. By following the target narrative norms, the translator has turned LCH into a fast-paced modern-looking English fantasy, which may be one of the reasons for its success. This finding reaffirms that adherence to target norms is conducive to the acceptance of translations of martial arts novels.

ABSTRACT Nowadays, digitalisation has an enormous impact on the way multimedia content is created and conveyed. It affects the intra-, interlingual and intercultural transfer of audiovisual products, which can be enjoyed dubbed, subtitled, voiced over etc. Most importantly, technology has facilitated the spread of phenomena such as fansubbing and fandubbing across the world. Hence, this study seeks to assess the impact of the current fast-changing mediascape on traditional and new AVT modes. To this end, we analyse the first two seasons of the North American TV series The Handmaid’s Tale (Bruce Miller, 2017-) in their Italian dubbed, subtitled and (ItaSA) funsubbed versions. A preliminary investigation of the dubbed and subtitled versions shows that the latter is an intralingual (condensed) version of the former (a.k.a. dubtitles), which is an unusual practice in Italy. Interviews with the dubbing company and the subtitlers attempted to explain the rationale behind this. Furthermore, the textual examination of the different treatment of religious references, text-internal references, and coarse language in the dubbed/subtitled and the fansubbed versions of this series shows the fluidity of professional and amateur AVT, which appear to intersect within today’s ever-changing mediascape.

ABSTRACT The coming-of-age of digital media has transformed the translation landscape, (con)fusing to a certain extent the Source and the Target. Not only has there been a shift in the way the agents of a translation interact with the text, but source text readers have also been brought into the picture as potentially important players in the (co)production of the target text. Using the controversial Wuhan Diary about the Covid-19 crisis in China as a case study, this paper examines the role of source text readers as censors of the paratexts of the Diary’s English translation. The active participation of source text readers created much tension with the source text author, and also gave rise to conflicts with other agents such as the translator and publisher. The resolution of what were often ideological conflicts was reflected in the fluidity of the paratexts of the target text, a fluidity facilitated and enabled by digital media.

ABSTRACT This contribution aims to study the translation/rewriting practices used by the European press roundup euro|topics (www.eurotopics.net). First, I establish a relation between these practices and what in the literature is defined as ‘fragmented translation’ in journalistic rewriting. Then, following Valdeón’s suggestion to study the translation of journalistic texts, I consider the five Ws that characterize journalistic production (What is translated? Why is it translated? Who translates? Where is it published? When is it published?) taking them as a starting point for the process-oriented case study. The study identifies the euro|topics press roundup as a journalistic digital genre born for and through translation and reveals practices that render translation and translators highly visible.