With Buspirone: A Case ReportBackground: Buspirone is an anxiolytic medication that selectively alleviates anxiety without the anticonvulsant, sedative, or muscle-relaxant effects associated with benzodiazepine.To the best of our knowledge, case reports of nocturnal urinary incontinence in buspirone users have not yet been published. Case Report:We report a 52-year-old female patient with urinary incontinence during sleep (once or twice a week) associated with buspirone (10 mg/day).The patient's nocturnal enuresis problem disappeared immediately after the discontinuation of buspirone. Conclusion:The mechanism underlying this effect is known.These medications influence neurotransmitter systems that modulate bladder control, altering micturition patterns.Antidepressants affect central nervous system pathways that regulate bladder function, potentially decreasing inhibitory control and increasing detrusor muscle sensitivity.Reporting rare drug side effects is crucial for enhancing patient safety and improving pharmacovigilance.

Background: Cyperus papyrus has been used to treat various health problems, such as ulcers and inflammation.Its possible use to promote healing, especially in the case of wounds, is still a topic that lacks thorough research.Objectives: This study assessed the wound-healing effect of the ethanolic extract of C. papyrus in Wistar rats using an excision wound model. Methods:The ethanolic extract of C. papyrus was made into gels at concentrations of 5% and 10%.Excisional wounds were induced on the dorsal of Wistar rats, which were treated topically with the gels twice daily.The effects of the treatment were evaluated through macroscopic measurements of wound contraction daily, histopathological analysis, and regeneration assessment by day 14.Results: Wounds treated with C. papyrus gel at both concentrations of 5% and 10% showed increased rates of wound contraction when compared to the control group and the 10% formulation showed the most pronounced effect.Staining identifiable changes were noted that suggested enhanced epithelialization, advanced collagen maturation, inflammatory exocytosis within lower ranges of collagen deposition in the left interstitial tissue, and a decrease in the remaining inflammatory cells. Conclusion:Using a 10% gel of C. papyrus extract through a topical procedure may increase the rate of wound healing in rats.This is probably due to the anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects of the extract.These results confirm its effectiveness for further development of herbal therapeutic medicines to promote wound healing.

Tribulus terrestris L. Hydroalcoholic Extract Revokes the Hepatotoxicity Induced by Cytarabine in Male Wistar RatsBackground: Liver is a critical organ that detoxifies poisonous compounds, metabolizes drugs, and excretes waste products.Liver is sensitive to damage and anticancer therapy.Cytarabine is the primary drug used to treat non-Hodgkin lymphoma and acute myeloid leukemia.However, due to its side effects, a new combination is needed to improve treatment outcomes.Tribulus (T.) terrestris is a long-known plant with anticancer activity and many chemical and biologically active substances with anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties.Objectives: This study investigated the effect of T. terrestris L. extract against the hepatotoxicity induced by cytarabine in rats.Methods: A total of 24 adult male rats were divided into 4 groups (n=6): Control (saline 1 mL/kg), cytarabine (25 mg/kg), T. terrestris (250 mg/kg), and cytarabine + T. terrestris extract.Saline and cytarabine were administrated intraperitoneally, and T. terrestris extract was administered by oral gavage every day for 4 weeks.At the end of the treatments, blood serum samples were used for enzymes and antioxidant measurements, and liver samples were used for histological examination.Results: In the cytarabine group, aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine transaminase (ALT), and malondialdehyde (MDA) significantly increased, and the levels of antioxidant enzymes significantly decreased compared to the control group.Also, the liver tissue had shown severe damage.In the cytarabine and T. terrestris extract group, the level of antioxidant enzymes increased, and MDA level, liver enzymes, and liver tissue damage decreased compared to the cytarabine group. Conclusion:Our results indicate that T. terrestris with a dose of 250 mg/kg could significantly protect against cytarabine hepatotoxicity.

Background: There are only rare case reports that revealed the efavirenz (EFV) toxicity. Case Report: This study presents an acute intoxication with 12 g of efavirenz in a 16-yearold healthy girl whose main problem was dose-dependent neurotoxicity. No other serious EFV-related side effects were seen. Previous serious side effects of EFV were observed in HIV-infected patients who underwent long-term combination drug therapy. Accordingly, in terms of the key clinical messages, serious adverse effects of efavirenz are expected to be observed in long-term use in combination with other antiretroviral drugs.

derived Terpenoids of Bangladesh: Prospects for Anti-rheumatoid Arthritis Medication Background: Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is characterized by autoimmunity, joint inflammation, and cartilage degradation.Numerous substances from plant sources, including terpenoids could treat RA.Objectives: This study explores the potential of terpenoids from Bangladeshi plants as anti-RA medications by in silico studies.Methods: Compounds were tested for favorable pharmacokinetic characteristics and binding affinities with the target proteins.Bauchampine A, betulinic acid, curcumol, geniposide, glycyrrhetinic acid, and paeoniflorin were selected for in-silico studies.Several protein targets were selected based on their role in the RA pathogenesis, including peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerase FKBP1A, caspase 8 (CASP8), Bruton tyrosine kinase (BTK), interleukin 6, chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 20, tumor necrosis factor , and stromal cell-derived factor 1. The compounds' pharmacokinetics and toxicity profiling were performed with the help of the online server.Both the compounds and receptors were prepared for further analysis using computational tools.Finally, molecular docking was performed with the help of AutoDock tools.The binding information was displayed in both numerical and pictorial ways. Results:The selected compounds showed satisfactory values in terms of pharmacokinetic and toxicity parameters.The molecular docking analysis revealed a significant binding affinity with the target proteins.The highest binding affinity was found for bauchampine A with BTK (-7.2 Kcal/mol), betulinic acid with chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 20 (-8.8 Kcal/mol), curcumol with, tumor necrosis factor (-8.8 Kcal/mol), geniposide with, tumor necrosis factor (-8.7 Kcal/mol), glycyrrhetinic acid with BTK (-9.4 Kcal/mol), and papeoniflorin with BTK (-8.7 Kcal/mol). Conclusion:Natural remedy for RA is preferred as it has minimal side effects.Accordingly, plantderived terpenoids can be effective leads for developing RA medications.

Background: Janus kinase (JAK) inhibitors are recently launched treatments with a new mechanism of action, so their safety needs to be verified through long-term usage. Objectives: This study aimed to determine the clinical characteristics of JAK inhibitor-related adverse events (AEs) in a real-world setting, using data from the Japanese adverse drug event report (JADER) database. Methods: AEs are defined using the preferred terms from the dictionary of medical terms for regulatory agencies and include pneumonia, herpes zoster (HZ), hematopoietic erythropenia, hematopoietic leukopenia, hematopoietic thrombocytopenia, liver disorder, renal impairment, interstitial lung disease (ILD), cardiac failure, embolic and thrombotic events, gastrointestinal perforation, and hyperglycemia. Adjusted reported odds ratios (ROR) are used to assess disproportionality in the pharmacovigilance data, and time-to-onset analysis is performed using Weibull shape parameters.

Background: Uterine fibroids are the most frequently diagnosed tumors of the female reproductive system and the primary reason for hysterectomy.Tetrapleura tetraptera stem bark is traditionally used to treat this condition.Objectives: To assess the antifibroid activity of the ethanol stem bark extract of T. tetraptera in Sprague-Dawley rats.Methods: An acute toxicity test was performed to determine the extract's safety level.Antifibroid activity was evaluated with monosodium glutamate (MSG) administration to rats daily for 30 days and then with concurrent graded doses of the extract (preventive method).A second group of rats were given MSG for 30 days to induce fibroid formation, after which the extract was administered in graded doses for another 30 days (curative method).Biochemical analysis of blood serum was done, and total cholesterol, protein, and estradiol levels were assessed.Histopathological analysis of the uterus was carried out.Major bioactive polyphenolic constituents were identified by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Results:The extract exhibited no mortality even at 5000 mg/kg.MSG significantly elevated (P0.05)serum cholesterol and estradiol levels in the rats; extract administration inhibited the rise in these parameters, both in the preventive and curative experiments.Histopathology assessment of rat uterus given the extract revealed a reduction in fibroid cells induced by MSG.HPLC analysis identified umbelliferone, piperazine, aridanin, and naringenin as the major phenolic compounds in the extract.Conclusion: This research's results support the plant's antifibroid potential.

Anticonvulsant Effect of Ethyl Acetate and n-hexane Fractions of Celosia leptostachya Leaf Extracts in Mice