A PVDF‐coated Fabry–Pérot fiber‐optic sensor was developed for rapid in situ detection of PFAS in water. A low‐finesse etalon was formed by dip‐coating, yielding interference minima that shift by an average of 5 nm during wet–dry cycling (SD = 0.7 nm). Exposure to a 10 µg/mL PFOS solution induced a reversible 5.9 nm redshift, and subsequent rinsing restored the baseline within 0.4 nm. The sensor’s low cost, portability, and high repeatability make it well suited for field applications. Full Text: PDF References Carbon-Fluorine Bond Strength, Alfa Chemistry Fluoropolymers Resource, DirectLink Z. Abunada, S. Safi, A. Ahmad, M.M.F. Chitta, "An Overview of Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances (PFAS) in the Environment: Source, Fate, Risk and Regulations", Water 12(12), 3590 (2020), CrossRef C.F. Kwiatkowski, M.L. Cannon, D.T. Hoffman, J.A. Buck, S.A. Fedorak, "Scientific Basis for Managing PFAS as a Chemical Class", Environ. Sci. Technol. Lett. 7(8), 532 (2020). CrossRef P. Radek, K. Barczak, A. Olszewska, Optical fiber sensor for per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) in Proc. Integrated Optics - Sensors, Sensing Structures and Methods, IOS'2025, Szczyrk, Poland, Feb. 24-28, 2025, p. 81. DirectLink F. Faiz, S.J. Mihailov, D. Thapa, V. Kayunkid, G. Viney, "Polyvinylidene fluoride coated optical fibre for detecting perfluorinated chemicals", Sens. Actuators B Chem. 312, 128006 (2020). CrossRef

This paper presents the Pixel Super Resolution with Axial Scanning (PSR-AS) technique to enhance the resolution of Lensless Digital In-line Holographic Microscopy (LDHM). By utilizing multiple holograms captured at different axial distances, PSR allows for the recovery of high-resolution information, improving the image clarity and information content. Experimental results demonstrate a twofold lateral resolution enhancement, achieving the resolution of 1.23 μm in amplitude imaging and significantly augmenting phase reconstruction quality. The integration of PSR-AS into LDHM systems leads to notable reductions in noise and artifacts, offering a promising approach for high-resolution imaging in applications such as biomedical diagnostics and environmental monitoring. Full Text: PDF References Y. Park, C. Depeursinge, and G. Popescu, "Quantitative phase imaging in biomedicine," Nature Photon, 12(10), 578 (2018). CrossRef D. Gabor, "A New Microscopic Principle," Nature, 161(4098), 777 (1948). CrossRef K. Matsushima and T. Shimobaba, "Band-Limited Angular Spectrum Method for Numerical Simulation of Free-Space Propagation in Far and Near Fields," Opt. Express, 17(22), 19662 (2009). CrossRef Y. Wu and A. Ozcan, "Lensless digital holographic microscopy and its applications in biomedicine and environmental monitoring," Methods, 136, 4 (2018). CrossRef J. Zhang, J. Sun, Q. Chen, and C. Zuo, "Resolution Analysis in a Lens-Free On-Chip Digital Holographic Microscope," IEEE Transactions on Computational Imaging, 6, 697 (2020). CrossRef Gerchberg, R. W.. “A practical algorithm for the determination of phase from image and diffraction plane pictures.” Optik 35, 237 (1972). CrossRef H. Lee, J. Kim, J. Kim, P. Jeon, S. A. Lee, and D. Kim, "Noniterative sub-pixel shifting super-resolution lensless digital holography," Opt. Express,29(19), 29996 (2021). CrossRef A. Greenbaum and A. Ozcan, "Maskless imaging of dense samples using pixel super-resolution based multi-height lensfree on-chip microscopy," Opt. Express, 20(3), 3129 (2012). CrossRef J. Zhang, J. Sun, Q. Chen, J. Li, and C. Zuo, "Adaptive pixel-super-resolved lensfree in-line digital holography for wide-field on-chip microscopy," Sci Rep, 7(1), 11777 (2017). CrossRef L. I. Rudin, S. Osher, and E. Fatemi, "Nonlinear total variation based noise removal algorithms," Physica D: Nonlinear Phenomena, 60(1), 259 (1992). CrossRef

Transmission optical coherence tomography (tOCT) is gaining interest for imaging biological samples; however, so far, quantitative phase information has not been directly obtained. This study introduces SOPHAST-OCT, an approach for integrated 2D phase recovery in Off-Axis Full-Field Swept-Source tOCT. It uses phase-shifting to leverage OCT’s inherent phase changes between recorded interferograms. SOPHAST-OCT demonstrates promising phase agreement with the simulated ground truth phase. This approach represents a first step toward quantitative imaging in tOCT. Full Text: PDF References Y. Park, C. Depeursinge, G. Popescu, "Quantitative phase imaging in biomedicine", Nature Photon 12, 578 (2018). CrossRef K. Alm, H. Cirenajwis, L. Gisselsson, A.G. Wingren, B. Janicke, A. Mölder, et al., in Holography, Research and Technologies (IntechOpen, 2011). CrossRef W. Drexler, J. Fujimoto, editors , Optical Coherence Tomography: Technology and Applications, 2nd ed. (Springer Cham, 2015). CrossRef W. Krauze, P. Ossowski, M. Nowakowski, M. Szkulmowski, M. Kujawińska, "Enhanced QPI functionality by combining OCT and ODT methods", Quantitative Phase Imaging VII, 11653, 19 (2021). CrossRef B.C. Wilson, S.L. Jacques, "Optical reflectance and transmittance of tissues: principles and applications", IEEE J. Quantum Electron. 26, 2186 (1990). CrossRef J. van der Horst, A.K. Trull, J. Kalkman, "Deep-tissue label-free quantitative optical tomography", Optica 7, 1682 (2020). CrossRef P. Hosseini, Y. Sung, Y. Choi, N. Lue, Z. Yaqoob, P. So, "Scanning color optical tomography (SCOT)", Opt. Expr. 23, 19752 (2015). CrossRef P. de Groot, "Phase Shifting Interferometry" in Optical Measurement of Surface Topography, edited by R. Leach (Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, 2011). CrossRef M. Wojtkowski, A. Kowalczyk, R. Leitgeb, A.F. Fercher, "Full range complex spectral optical coherence tomography technique in eye imaging", Opt. Lett. 27, 1415 (2002). CrossRef Q. Zhang, S. Zhong, J. Lin, W. Chen, M. Luo, J. Zhong, Y. Yu, Z. Peng, S. Cheng, "Full-range Fourier-domain optical coherence tomography based on Mach–Zehnder interferometer", Opt. Lasers Engin. 124, 105794 (2020). CrossRef R. Juarez-Salazar, C. Robledo-Sanchez, F. Guerrero-Sanchez, A. Rangel-Huerta, "Generalized phase-shifting algorithm for inhomogeneous phase shift and spatio-temporal fringe visibility variation", Opt. Express 22, 4738 (2014). CrossRef R. Juarez-Salazar, C. Robledo-Sánchez, C. Meneses-Fabian, F. Guerrero-Sánchez, L. M. Arévalo Aguilar, "Generalized phase-shifting interferometry by parameter estimation with the least squares method", Opt. Lasers Engin. 51, 626 (2013). CrossRef M.A. Herráez, D.R. Burton, M.J. Lalor, M.A. Gdeisat, "Fast two-dimensional phase-unwrapping algorithm based on sorting by reliability following a noncontinuous path", Appl. Opt. 41, 7437 (2002). CrossRef Z. Wang, A.C. Bovik, "A universal image quality index", IEEE Signal Proc. Lett. 9, 81 (2002). CrossRef

Typical optical sensors based on D-shape fibers use standard step-index single-mode fibers (SMF) with a circular core. Multi-mode fibers, fibers with elliptical or rectangular cores, and photonic crystal fibers (PCF) are also used to achieve the best possible sensor performance. However, since the presented sensors differ not only in geometry but, most importantly, in the materials and core sizes, it is difficult to compare their properties directly. In this paper, we numerically analyzed the influence of the shape and size of the core on the sensing performance, with all other relevant parameters being equal. Full Text: PDF References D. Jauregui-Vazquez, J. P. Korterik, C. E. Osornio-Martinez, J. M. Estudillo-Ayala, H. L. Offerhaus, J. A. Alvarez-Chavez, "A strain reflection-based fiber optic sensor using thin core and standard single-mode fibers", Opt. Comm. 522, 128659 (2022). CrossRef H. H. Liu, D. J. Hu, Q. Z. Sun, L. Wei, K. W. Li, C. Liao, B. Li, C. Zhao, X. Dong, Y. Tang, Y. Xiao, G. Keiser, P. Shum, "Specialty optical fibers for advanced sensing applications", Opto-Electron Sci. 2(2), 220025 (2023). CrossRef K. Gasior, T. Martynkien, P. Mergo, W. Urbanczyk, "Fiber-optic surface plasmon resonance sensor based on spectral phase shift interferometric measurements", Sensors and Actuators B: Chemical 257, 602 (2018). CrossRef Y. Ying, G. Si, F. Luan, K. Xu, Y. Qi, H. Li, "Recent research progress of optical fiber sensors based on D-shaped structure", Opt. & Laser Techn. 90, 149 (2017). CrossRef J. Homola, Surface Plasmon Resonance Based Sensors (Berlin, Springer 2006). CrossRef K. Gasior, T. Martynkien., M. Napiorkowski, K. Zolnacz, P. Mergo, W. Urbanczyk, "A surface plasmon resonance sensor based on a single mode D-shape polymer optical fiber", J. Opt. 19, 025001 (2017). CrossRef Q. Wang, W. M. Zhao, "A comprehensive review of lossy mode resonance-based fiber optic sensors", Opt. Lasers in Engineering 100, 47 (2018). CrossRef K. Gasior, T. Martynkien, G. Wojcik, P. Mergo, W. Urbanczyk, "D-shape polymer optical fibres for surface plasmon resonance sensing", Opto-Electron. Rev. 24(4), 209 (2016). CrossRef G. Stepniewski, A. Filipkowski, D. Pysz, J. Warszewski, R. Buczynski, M. Smietana, R. Kasztelanic, "From D-shaped to D-shape optical fiber – A universal solution for sensing and biosensing applications: Drawn D-shape fiber and its sensing applications", Measurement 222, 113642 (2023). CrossRef R. Kasztelanic, H. T. Nguyen, D. Pysz, H. Thienpont, T. Omatsu, R. Buczynski, "Free-Form Optical Fiber with a Square Mode and Top-HatIntensity Distribution", Adv. Science 11, 2402886 (2024). CrossRef J.W. Fleming, "Dispersion in GeO2-SiO2 glasses", Appl. Opt. 23, 4486-4493 (1984). CrossRef T.A. König, P.A. Ledin, J. Kerszulis, M.A. Mahmoud, M.A. El-Sayed, J.R. Reynolds, V.V. Tsukruk., "Electrically Tunable Plasmonic Behavior of Nanocube–Polymer Nanomaterials Induced by a Redox-Active Electrochromic Polymer", ACS Nano 8, 6182-6192 (2014). CrossRef I.Z. Kozma, P. Krok, E. Riedle, "Direct measurement of the group-velocity mismatch and derivation of the refractive-index dispersion for a variety of solvents in the ultraviolet", J. Opt. Soc. Am. B 22, 1479-1485 (2005). CrossRef

This work presents barium gallo-germanate glasses co-doped with Bi+/Er3+ and Cr3+/Er3+ ions for NIR luminescence. The addition of Al2O3 content in the glass matrix made it possible to obtain luminescence corresponding to the 3P1→3P0 transition of Bi+ ions. Co-doping with the Bi+/Er3+ system resulted in a broad luminescence spectrum of 1.0-1.6 µm and Cr3+/Er3+ co-doping in selected glass matrix resulted in luminescence in 0.9-1.6 µm band. However, the luminescence of the Cr3+ ions is much lower than that of Er3+ ions. Full Text: PDF References T. Suzuki, G.S. Murugan, and Y. Ohishi, 'Optical properties of transparent Li2O-Ga2O3-SiO2 glass-ceramics embedding Ni-doped nanocrystals', Appl. Phys. Lett., 86(13), 131903 (2005). CrossRef N.V. Golubev et al., 'Pre-crystallization heat treatment and infrared luminescence enhancement in Ni2+-doped transparent glass-ceramics', J. Non-Cryst. Solids, 515, 42 (2019) CrossRef Z. Xu, W. Feng, T. Chen, X. Liu, and J. Qiu, 'Tuning optical properties in PbSe quantum dot-doped borosilicate glass fiber by modulation of network topology', Opt. Laser Technol., 158, 108910 (2023). CrossRef M.A. Hughes, T. Suzuki, and Y. Ohishi, 'Spectroscopy of bismuth-doped lead-aluminum-germanate glass and yttrium-aluminum-silicate glass', J. Non-Cryst. Solids, 356(44), 2302 (2010). CrossRef J. Song, Z. Zhou, B. Zhong, M. Zhang, J. Huang, and L. Han, 'Ultra-broadband near-infrared Cr3+-doped multi-phase glass-ceramics realized by the selective enrichment strategy for near-infrared spectroscopy applications', J. Alloys Compd., 968, 172126 (2023). CrossRef M.A.U. Martines, M.R. Davolos, M.J. Júnior, D.F. de Souza, and L.A.O. Nunes, 'Cr3+ and Cr4+ luminescence in glass ceramic silica', J. Lumin., 128(11), 1787 (2008). CrossRef S. Zhou, H. Dong, H. Zeng, J. Hao, J. Chen, and J. Qiu, 'Infrared luminescence and amplification properties of Bi-doped GeO2−Ga2O3−Al2O3 glasses', J. Appl. Phys., 103(10), 103532 (2008). CrossRef T. Suzuki and Y. Ohishi, 'Ultrabroadband near-infrared emission from Bi-doped Li2O-Al2O3-SiO2 glass', Appl. Phys. Lett., 88(19), 191912 (2006). CrossRef T. Minh Hau et al., 'Super broadband near-infrared emission and energy transfer in Bi-Er co-doped lanthanum aluminosilicate glasses', Opt. Mater., 35(3), 487 (2013). CrossRef H.K. Dan et al., 'Effects of Y3+on the enhancement NIR emission of Bi+-Er3+ co-doped in transparent silicate glass-ceramics for Erbium-doped fiber amplifier (EDFA)', J. Lumin., 219, 116942 (2020). CrossRef E.M. Dianov, 'Bismuth-doped optical fibers: a challenging active medium for near-IR lasers and optical amplifiers', Light Sci. Appl., 1(5) (2012). CrossRef L. Wang, L. Tan, Y. Yue, M. Peng, and J. Qiu, 'Efficient Enhancement of Bismuth NIR Luminescence by Aluminum and Its Mechanism in Bismuth‐Doped Germanate Laser Glass', J. Am. Ceram. Soc., 99(6), 2071 (2016). CrossRef Z. Jiang et al., 'Effects of Al2O3 composition on the near-infrared emission in Bi-doped and Yb-Bi-codoped silicate glasses for broadband optical amplification', J. Non-Cryst. Solids, 383, 196 (2014). CrossRef

Digital Image Correlation became one of the dominant optical full-field techniques used in experimental mechanics. It does not require sophisticated equipment to evaluate the full displacement vector field of the specimen under test with great accuracy. In this paper, we would like to put the reader's attention to the DIC technique as a solution that may identify the genuine character of the load applied to the object under test. Our experience with testing wind turbine blades using DIC proves that possibility. Full Text: PDF References E.M.C Jones, M.A. Iadicola, "A good practises guide for digital image correlation" International Digital Image Correlation Society, (2018), CrossRef B. Pan, "Digital image correlation for surface deformation measurement: historical developments, recent advances and future goals", Meas. Sci. Technol. 29, 082001 (2018), CrossRef B. Pan, L.P. Yu, Q.B. Zhang, "Review of single-camera stereo-digital image correlation techniques for full-field 3D shape and deformation measurement", Sci. China Technol. Sci. 61, 2 (2018), CrossRef S. Sharma, N. Iniyan Thiruselvam, S.J. Subramanian, G.S. Kumar, "Computation of strains from stereo digital image correlation using principal component analysis", Meas. Sci. Technol. 32, 105201 (2021), CrossRef IEC 61400-5:2020 Wind energy generation systems - Part 5: Wind turbine, DirectLink IEC 61400-23:2014 Wind turbines - Part 23: Full-scale structural testing of rotor blades, DirectLink

When compared to other enabling technology fields such as Electronic Engineering or Computer Science, Optics and Photonics stands out to be by far the oldest field of research, and yet the one still standing today at the forefront of research, consumer electronics, transformation industry, communication, health, biotech and many more. From solving the mysteries of our universe to the development of the latest smart phones and the fastest internet lines, the field of Optics and Photonics has proven over and over to be at the cornerstone for everything we take for granted today. This field has been associated with many successive market booms, and sometimes also bubbles, but the underlying technology build by its exceptional engineers never gets wasted or lost, providing valuable key building blocks to fuel the “next big thing” Full Text: PDF References https://money.cnn.com/2001/12/18/technology/q_yearend_telecom DirecLink https://money.cnn.com/2010/11/09/technology/jdsu_qualcomm/index.htm DirectLink https://www.forbes.com/global/1999/1129/098_01.html?sh=290252831d0c DirectLink B. Kress, Applied Digital Optics: From Micro-optics to Nanophotonics (John Wiley 2007). DirectLink K. Curtis, D. Psaltis, "Cross talk in phase-coded holographic memories", J Opt Soc Am. 10(12), 2547 (1993). CrossRef W.S. Colburn, B.J. Chang, "Holographic combiners for head up displays", Tech Report No. AFAL-TR-77-110, (1977). DirectLink J. Kimmel, T. Levola, P. Saarikko, "A novel diffractive backlight concept for mobile displays", J Soc Inf Disp 16(2), (2008). CrossRef

Nowadays artificial light is used in many areas of human life. Dedicated lighting allows to emphasize selected features of technical and biological objects, stimulates the growth of plants or enhances the attractiveness of products or artistic works. In this paper a developed low-cost lamp with an adjustable spectrum was presented. As light sources, several LEDs of both narrow-band and wide-band spectrum were selected. A multi-channel Raspberry PI was applied for LEDs driving and ensuring the user’s interface. To properly mix light from several different LEDs, a dedicated integration sphere was used, covered with paint based on barium sulfate. Full Text: PDF ReferencesD.L. DiLaura, K.W. Houser, R.G. Mistrick, G.R. Steffy, The lighting handbook (Illuminating Engineering Society 2011). DirectLink CREE Inc, Cree® 2835 LEDs Product family datasheet, (accessed 19 February 2022). DirectLink F. Szabó, R. Kéri, J. Schanda, P. Csuti, E/ Mihálykó-Orbán, A study of preferred colour rendering of light sources: home lighting, Lighting Research and Technology (Epub ahead of print 2014). CrossRef M. Feldzensztajn, P. Wierzba, A. Mazikowski, "Examination of Spectral Properties of Medicinal Plant Leaves Grown in Different Lighting Conditions Based on Mint Cultivation", Sensors 21, 4122 (2021), CrossRef S. Barbut, "Effect of illumination source on the appearance of fresh meat cuts", Meat Science 59(2), 187 (2001), CrossRef A.J. Knulst, R. Mooijweer, F.W. Jansen, L.P. Stassen, J. Dankelman, "Indicating shortcomings in surgical lighting systems", Minim. Invasive Theor. Apllied Technol. 20(5), 267 (2011). CrossRef C.M. Browning, M. Parker, T.C. Rich, S.J. Leavesley, "Illuminating the optical properties of an LED-based spectral light source for hyperspectral endoscopy", Proc. SPIE 11636, 1163608 (2021) CrossRef H.C. Wang, Y.T. Chen, J.T. Lin, C.P. Chiang, F.H. Cheng, "Enhanced visualization of oral cavity for early inflamed tissue detection", Opt. Expr. 18 (11), 11800 (2010). CrossRef D.H. Larsen, E.J. Woltering, C.C.S. Nicole, L.M.F. Marcelis, "Response of Basil Growth and Morphology to Light Intensity and Spectrum in a Vertical Farm", Frontiers in Plant Science 11, 597906 (2020) CrossRef T. Cegielski, D. Bujalski, K. Kowalczyk, J. Gajc-Wolska, L. Hemka, Proc. Electrotechn. Inst. 63 (273), 79 (2016), CrossRef A. Mazikowski, M. Feldzensztajn, Proc. SPIE 10445, 10445OK (2017). CrossRef A. Llenas, J. Carreras, "Arbitrary spectral matching using multi-LED lighting systems", Opt. Eng. 58(3), 035105 (2019). CrossRef F.J. Burgos et al., "Image and Signal Processing", Lect. Notes Comput. Sci. 8509, 115 (2014), CrossRef M. Feldzensztajn, A. Mazikowski, "Comparison of modelling and measurement results of spectra emitted by a programmable lamp", Photon. Lett. Poland 10(2), 42 (2018), CrossRef CIE, Publication No. 127, Measurement of LEDs (Central Bureau of the CIE, Vienna, Austria, 2007). DirectLink N. Kington, B. Bugbee, A Mixture of Barilium Sulfateand White Paint is a Low-Cost Substitute Reflectance Standard for Spectralon (Utah State University, 2005), DirectLink

Random-phase free computer-generated holograms offer excellent quality of virtually noise-free playback of low-frequency images, but have limited efficiency in the case of highly contrast binary images with dominant high spatial frequencies. Introduction of weak random phase allows the partial suppression of this problem, but causes strong noise in the outcome. Here we present the influence of pixel separation technique on the uniformity of far field reconstructions from such random-phase free holograms. We show the improved image quality with no additional speckle noise. Full Text: PDF ReferencesJ.W. Goodman, Roberts and Company (2005). DirectLink R.W. Gerchberg, W.O. Saxton, "A practical algorithm for the determination of phase from image and diffraction plane pictures", Optik 35, 237 (1972). DirectLink M. Makowski, "Minimized speckle noise in lens-less holographic projection by pixel separation", Opt. Express 21, 29205 (2013). CrossRef I. Ducin, T. Shimobaba, M. Makowski, K. Kakarenko, A. Kowalczyk, Jaroslaw Suszek, M. Bieda, A. Kolodziejczyk, M. Sypek, "Holographic projection of images with step-less zoom and noise suppression by pixel separation", Opt. Comm. 340, 131 (2015). CrossRef T. Shimobaba, T. Ito, "Random phase-free computer-generated hologram", Opt. Express 23, 9549 (2015). CrossRef T. Shimobaba, T. Kakue, Y. Endo, R. Hirayama, D. Hiyama, S. Hasegawa, Y. Nagahama, M. Sano, M. Oikawa, T. Sugie, T. Ito, "Random phase-free kinoform for large objects", Opt. Express 23, 17269 (2015). CrossRef M. Sypek, "Light propagation in the Fresnel region. New numerical approach", Opt. Comm. 116, 43 (1995). CrossRef K. Matsushima, T. Shimobaba, "Band-Limited Angular Spectrum Method for Numerical Simulation of Free-Space Propagation in Far and Near Fields", Opt. Express 17, 19662 (2009). CrossRef

This paper presents the results of research on the luminescent properties of antimony-borate glass rods doped with europium and silver ions. The reduction of silver ions to the form of nanoparticles was carried out and the occurrence of localized plasmon resonance was demonstrated, which caused changes in the Eu3+ luminescence signal at a wavelength of 613 nm. The effect of the concentration of silver ions dopant at a constant content of europium ions on the luminescence and absorption characteristics of the produced samples was investigated. In the examined doping range, no large dependencies of spectral changes as a function of the concentration of silver ions were found. A clear quenching of the luminescence was observed due to the heating time of the doped glass matrices for the energy transition (5D0 → 7F2). Full Text: PDF ReferencesS. Kuzman, J. Perisa, V. Dordevic, I. Zekovic, I. Vukoje, Z. Antic and M. D. Dramicanin, "Surface Plasmon Enhancement of Eu3+ Emission Intensity in LaPO4/Ag Nanoparticles", Materials 13, 3071 (2020). CrossRef V.P. Prakashan, M.S. Sajna, G. Gejo, M.S. Sanu, A.C. Saritha, P.R. Biju, J. Cyriac and N.V. Unnikrishan, "Surface Plasmon Assisted Luminescence Enhancement of Ag NP/NWs-Doped SiO2-TiO2-ZrO2:Eu3+ Ternary System", Plasmonics 14, 673 (2019). CrossRef O. Malta, P. Santa-Cruz, G. Sa and F. Auzel, "Fluorescence enhancement induced by the presence of small silver particles in Eu3+ doped materials", J. Lumin., 33, 261 (1985). CrossRef O. Malta, P. Santa-Cruz, G. Sa and F. Auzel, "Time evolution of the decay of the 5Do level of Eu3+ in glass materials doped with small silver particles", Chem. Phys. Lett, 116, 396 (1985). CrossRef J. Zmojda, M. Kochanowicz, P. Miluski et al., "The influence of Ag content and annealing time on structural and optical properties of SGS antimony-germanate glass doped with Er3+ ions", Journal of Molecular Structure 1160, 428 (2018). CrossRef Ki Young Kim, Plasmonics: Principles and Applications (Croatia, InTechOpen 2012) CrossRef M.R. Dousti, M.R. Sahar, S.K. Ghoshal et al., "Up-conversion enhancement in Er3 +-Ag co-doped zinc tellurite glass: Effect of heat treatment", Journal of Non-Crystalline Solids 358, 2939 (2012). CrossRef I. Soltani, S. Hraiech, K. Horchani-Naifer et al., "Effect of silver nanoparticles on spectroscopic properties of Er3+ doped phosphate glass", Optical Materials 46, 454 (2015). CrossRef R. Schneider, E.A. de Campos, J.B.S. Mendes, J.F. Felix, P.A. Santa-Cruz, "Lead–germanate glasses: an easy growth process for silver nanoparticles and their promising applications in photonics and catalysis", RSC Advances 7 (66), 41479 (2017). CrossRef