Textbook is one of the learning tools that commonly used by student. The purpose of this research is to describe the stages of developing a STEM based textbook integrated to Quranic verses and to measure of the effectiveness the textbook to enhance students conceptual understanding of traveling and standing wave and to acknowledge students insight to spiritual knowledge. This research used research and development method with 4D model. The 4D model consist of four stages developing process. Those are to define, design, develop and disseminate. The research subject were the students of XI MIPA3 of MAN Pemalang as for experimental class, and students of XI MIPA 4 of MAN Pemalang as a control class. Based on expert judgements this STEM based textbook was categorized to a valid and acceptable textbook for use in learning process with an average score 77.4%. The effectiveness of the STEM based textbook integrated to Quranic verses to enhance conceptual understanding was measured with the pretest-posttest control group design. The result showed that the textbook is effective in improving students conceptual understanding of traveling and standing wave subject.

The independent curriculum is an offer to reconstruct the education system freely in accordance with existing resources as the goal of change and progress of the nation in order to adapt to the challenges of globalization. This study aims to find out the difficulties of educators and students in implementing the independent curriculum in Physics learning. The type of descriptive research with a qualitative approach, purposive sampling so that 3 educators from the fields of physics, chemistry, and biology were obtained, as well as 36 students of class XI phase F1 (Physics Specialization) SMAN 13 Semarang. Questionnaire research instruments with Likert scale, interview guidelines and observations. The analysis procedure of this study uses the Miles and Huberman version, the student questionnaire is analyzed using a percentage calculation based on a predetermined category, the interview data is concluded in the analysis of conformity with observation data. The results of the study show that SMAN 13 Semarang is feasible to implement the independent curriculum, facilities and infrastructure can support learning with the implementation of the independent curriculum well. However, educators experience difficulties in several parts of the learning process, namely in the preparation of the administration of the Independent curriculum such as teaching modules, P5 programs, IT-based learning media and coordinating time during learning. The difficulties also experienced by students of class XI phase F1 in the implementation of the independent learning curriculum of physics learning at SMAN 13 Semarang from the learning implementation factor of 41.7%, the difficulty in understanding physics learning got a percentage of 66.67%, which means that it is quite agreeable to the difficulty of learning physics. The difficulty of learning physics is seen from the learning process where students think that educators are less varied in terms of learning methods 25%, educators are less creative 36.11%.

Soil pH is an indicator of soil quality that is important to note because it affects the balance of nutrients in the soil. This is important, especially to maintain the fertility of agricultural land. The purpose of this study was to analyze soil quality based on the soil pH of maize and chili plants. The research sample was taken on the agricultural land of Gemuhblanten Village, Gemuh District, Kendal Regency ins October 2022. Sampling was carried out at six points on each of the maize and chili field. The initial pH data obtained was then averaged. It was obtained that the average soil pH of maize plants was 7.75 which was in the "slightly alkaline" criteria. The average soil pH of chili plants is 7.08 which is a "neutral" criterion The soil pH value for maize plants is slightly higher than the good soil pH for maize plants. Meanwhile, the pH of the soil in chili plants meets a good soil pH value for chili plants.

Critical thinking and problem-solving skills are essential components of 21st-century education goals. Weak problem-solving and higher-order thinking skills (HOTS) can become problematic for students studying physics, particularly in the context of magnetism. To address this issue, efforts are being made to improve physics problem-solving skills through the application of problem-based learning (PBL) and HOTS. The study aims to determine whether students' physics problem-solving skills are better when using PBL-HOTS compared to PBL alone. Additionally, the study aims to determine the improvement and profile of physics problem-solving skills according to Heller after the application of PBL-HOTS on magnetism material. The study employed a mixed-methods sequential explanatory pre-test post-test control group design. The participants were ninth-grade students from SMP Negeri 1 Kersana during the 2021/2022 academic year. The sample was selected using purposive sampling, with Class IX A as the experimental group and Class IX C as the control group. Data was collected using a physics problem-solving test, including descriptions, interviews, and post-test documentation checks. The t-test results indicate that students who applied PBL-HOTS had better physics problem-solving skills than those who applied PBL. Additionally, the N-Gain test showed a moderate increase in students' physics problem-solving skills after the application of PBL-HOTS, with an average N-Gain score of 0.4785. The results of interviews and examination of posttest documentation support Heller's profile of students' physics problem-solving skills. This includes indicators of focusing on the problem (84.69%), describing physics concepts (70.94%), planning solutions (87.81%), implementing problem-solving plans (95.63%), and evaluating solutions (46.88%).

The Merdeka curriculum organizes the physics subject into concept understanding and science process skills. However, based on interviews and observations at MAN IC Pekalongan, the development of process skills in physics learning is rarely facilitated due to the limited availability of learning media and time. This RnD research aims to develop digital learning media as an alternative solution to these problems. The analysis of learning media needs showed that teachers and students need Interactive E-Modules as learning media, applications of physics in everyday life such as STEM, and a Virtual Lab packaged with interactive and simple language. The E-Module was validated by several experts in material, learning media, and learning and was declared highly feasible with an average score of 4.5 out of 5. The posttest results showed an average score of 59.67 for both the experimental and control classes. The n-gain analysis demonstrated that the E-Module effectively improved conceptual understanding, with an n-gain value of 0.74 (high), and had a positive effect on process skills with an average value of 87.86 for the experimental class and 86.44 for the control class, with a significance value of 0.032 in the independent sample test of both classes.

Pedagogical Content Knowledge (PCK) is the interaction between pedagogy and content. PCK describes the ability of teachers to integrate knowledge of the content into their knowledge of learning and student characteristics that can guide the learning situation. Flash Player media is software used to stream and view video, audio, and multimedia on a computer or supported mobile device. The purpose of this research is to know the application of PCK strategy based on flash player media to increase the mastery of concept and student learning activity. The research method used is classroom action research. Data collection techniques are carried out through tests, observations and interviews during learning. From the research results obtained t count 16,087 t table 2,02 showing that the PCK strategy based on flash player media can improve the mastery of student concepts. The observation data in the experimental class shows that there is an increase in student learning activity. In general, the conclusion that can be drawn from this research is PCK strategy based on flash player media has positive effect in the case of the improvement of learning outcomes and student learning activeness

Lighting in the bedroom is important in maintaining the quality of children's sleep. At the age of 0-5 years, a child has a sleep duration of around 11-18 hours, so it is necessary to pay attention to the lighting in the bedroom so that children have quality sleep time. This study aims to determine the effect of lighting in the bedroom on the sleep quality of children aged 0-5 years. Samples were taken randomly with the age range of children 0-5 years with the criteria of children accustomed to sleeping with the lights off as many as 6 samples. The number of samples was adjusted to the availability of samples around the research site in Tinjomoyo village. Data collection techniques were observation and questionnaires. The parents of the sample filled out the observation sheets and questionnaires. The duration of data collection depends on how many times each sample wakes up during sleep at night, starting when the child falls asleep until 03.00 AM. The results showed that there was an effect of bedroom lighting on the sleep quality of children aged 0-5 years as indicated by a change in the child's total awakening, which is an average of 2 fewer awakenings during sleep from the lights on to the lights off.

The Partnership for 21st Century Learning (P21) developed the Framework for 21st Century Learning to help education practitioners integrate skills into lesson teaching. This framework describes the skills, knowledge, and expertise that students must master in order to succeed in work and life. One of the skills that must be mastered by students in facing the 21st century is the 4C skill which consists of critical thinking, communication, collaboration, and creativity skills. This study aims to analyze the growth of the 4C skills of SMK students as the effect of implementing the use of PjBL STEM-based digital physics modules. This research is an experimental study with the before-after method, which compares the conditions before and after the implementation of learning activities. Data was collected by filling out a questionnaire with a Likert scale by students. The results showed that the 4C skills of vocational high school students grew significantly.

A coupled spring-pendulum system in a conservative field was studied where the equation of motion of the system using Lagrangian and Hamiltonian equation were obtained. The equation of motion represented by a second-order differential equation from the three generalized coordinate were used. The potential energy equal to zero when the system is in its equilibrium position. The generalized coordinate that being used were the angle of the first pendulum θ_1, the angle of the second pendulum θ_2, and the increase in the length of the spring x. The resulting equation of motion can be used to determine the dynamics behavior of the system at any time. Students' understanding is expected to be more complete by providing a procedure to derive the Lagrangian equation of motion.

Boron Neutron Capture Therapy (BNCT) is a relatively safer technology for killing cancer cells, one of which is the Glioblastoma multiforme. One of the main components of the BNCT equipment is the collimator which functions as an exit point for epithermal neutron particles that hit cancer cells. In addition to the experimental method, BNCT research can be carried out by modeling, including using the MCNPX software based on the Monte Carlo Method. This research aimed to determine the flux distribution of fast and epithermal neutrons and the dose rate of fast neutrons and gamma that hit the target cancer cells in the phantom head of ORNL MIRD. Modeling using the MCNPX software has three main parts: cell cards, surface cards, and data cards. A tally is used on the data card to calculate the neutron flux. Based on the calculation of the modeling results, the flux of epithermal neutron is 2.87 x 109 n/cm2.s. The dose ratio of the epithermal to the fast neutron flux is 2.29 x 10-14 Gy.cm2/n. Then, the balance of the dose rate of the epithermal to the gamma is 1.64 x 10-14 Gy.cm2/n, and the ratio of epithermal to thermal neutron flux is 0.004. In this study, the epithermal neutron flux hitting the target cancer cells in cell target was moderated at 4 cm so that at a depth of 8 cm, the energy was converted into thermal neutrons. Based on the analysis of the results, it can be concluded that the neutron flux that will interact with cancer tissue is thermal neutrons, not epithermal neutron flux.