Universal features of dynamic failure and turbulence phenomena are considered on the basis of results of research and analyses of published data. The absorbed energy density causing the failure is comparable to the energy parameter of the crystal lattice E, which is fractions of electronvolt per atom in the range of nonequilibrium states t ~ 3 × 10–6–10–10 s. Macrofailure, changing the body connectivity, arises when approaching the critical density of the failure center cascade, i.e., percolation cluster, through the cascade of bifurcations. Fully developed turbulence is a chaotic dynamics, which is related to the stochastic instability of the transition through a sequence of period-doubling bifurcations, through intermittency, etc. At present, a strict mathematically grounded theory of dynamic failure phenomena of condensed matters and turbulence theories are absent, which implies the application of scaling relations and phenomenological approaches for their description. On the basis of design-theoretical studies and analysis of published data, it has been shown that phenomena of dynamic metal failure and fully developed turbulence are analogous, meaning that these processes have close values of critical exponents and belong to one universality class.

Heavy ion beam probing (HIBP) is a unique diagnostic technique that enables independent and simultaneous measurement of the plasma electric potential $$\varphi $$ and its fluctuations $$\tilde {\varphi }$$ , as well as the electron density fluctuations $${{\tilde {n}}_{e}}$$ and poloidal magnetic field $${{\tilde {B}}_{{{\text{pol}}}}}$$ in the hot plasma region. A method for calculating the spatial resolution of the designed HIBP diagnostics for the T-15MD tokamak has been presented. The dependence of the size of the measurement area point on the width of the input slits in the energy analyzer has been studied.

A simultaneous description of different spin independent and spin dependent reactions of nucleon–nucleon elastic scattering is obtained for all existing experimental data at low $$\sqrt{s}\geq 3.6$$ GeV and high energies up to the last LHC energy. From the point of view of the generalized parton structure of hadrons which unifies parton distributions of the proton, neutron, antiproton and meson the corresponding electromagnetic and gravitomagnetic form factors were obtained. On the base of these form factors, the elastic scattering amplitude is obtained with taking into account the analytical properties such as unitarity, crossing symmetry, polynomial boundedness. As a result, the united description of the existing experimental data of the differential cross sections and spin correlation parameter $$A_{N}$$ ( $$s,t$$ ) is obtained with minimum fitting parameters.

The paper provides a brief overview of research activity related to the use of the flowing liquid lithium as a plasma facing material of the limiter and divertor in tokamaks. A substantiation for a system with liquid lithium, possible variants of such systems, demonstration of positive test results, prospects for using in other tokamaks, related research, and open questions are considered.

The approximation of separable forces is applied for the first time in the generalized theory of finite Fermi systems (TFFS), which was developed in [1–4] with the aim of consistently taking into account, within the Green’s function method, complex configurations involving phonons. Standard multipole–multipole forces are used; for their quadrupole case, two parameters are fitted to effective quadrupole polarization charges, whose values are well known from experiments and within the standard theory of finite Fermi systems. It is shown that, in this approximation, the equations of the standard theory of finite Fermi systems for the vertex and total scattering amplitude can readily be solved. A useful relation between effective quadrupole polarization charges and separable-force parameters that describe the total scattering amplitude in a separable form is obtained. As an example of the application of the approach developed here, an equation for the regular part $$\Gamma^{r}$$ of the scattering amplitude is studied for the first time. Both free terms of this equation are estimated, and it is shown that an additional term containing the product of two phonon-creation amplitudes is several times as great as the other free term, which is the TFFS effective interaction taken in the separable approximation. The solutions of the equation for $$\Gamma^{r}$$ that are obtained in the present study lead to the conclusion that it is illegitimate to disregard this quantity. Since, within the generalized theory of finite Fermi systems, $$\Gamma^{r}$$ naturally appears in describing two-phonon interactions, this means that the theory of two-phonon excitations may become substantially more complicated.

In this work, to assess the efficiency of the ANSYS CFX 14.0 code and obtain fluid flow properties, one heat transfer experiment using water as a coolant at supercritical pressures was selected: a 2 × 2 rod bundle with wire spacers along its length. A 3D CFD study of fluid flow and heat transfer at supercritical pressures was conducted for the geometry of the rod bundle, with the key parameter being the temperature of the inner wall of the fuel rod simulator. The influence of turbulence models SST, k–ω, and BSL, as well as various types of computational mesh to ensure the reliability of the assumed wall temperature, was investigated. After the study, the CFD model data was verified against experimental data. It was found that the CFD model was able to qualitatively describe the temperatures of the inner surfaces of the rods as reported in the experiments.

In the design of the DEMO fusion reactor, as well as the facility of a fusion neutron source FNS, as one of the options, it is assumed that a three-loop cooling system will use a blanket of liquid metals. Liquid lithium from the primary loop transfers heat in intermediate heat exchangers to liquid sodium of the second loop, which in turn transfers heat to the water of the third loop in the steam generator. The possibility is considered of using a “neutral” coolant in the second loop—a eutectic lead–bismuth alloy, which does not chemically interact with either liquid lithium or water in the third loop, which makes it possible to exclude contact of liquid lithium or sodium with water. A preliminary calculation of the intermediate liquid lithium–eutectic alloy heat exchanger has been performed, and it is shown that the use of this alloy will allow for the cooling of the fusion reactor with the same number of intermediate heat exchangers and without a significant increase in their size.

The paper reviews the main mechanisms of hydrogen isotope accumulation in fusion devices: the implantation of particles from plasma into plasma-facing components (PFCs), followed by diffusion into the bulk of material, and capture into growing redeposited layers in areas of preferential deposition (co-deposition). The specific features of hydrogen isotope accumulation, depending on the selection of plasma facing material, are considered during the regular application of auxiliary coatings and the utilization of wall components based on liquid metals.

One of the conditions of safe operation for the experimental tokamak reactor ITER is the possibility of mitigating disruption instability by massive injection of inert gases, in particular, of argon and neon. Here we present the results of assessing the influence of multiplet splitting and line radiation imprisonment during the discharge quenching by intense argon injection in ITER. In this paper, the fine structure of energy levels and the noncoronal collisional-radiative kinetics for the radiating excited state are used. For the radiation of two argon ions, Ar+15 and Ar+3, which have spectral lines of high intensity and could be used for plasma diagnostics, it is shown that the optical thickness for the ionic strongest lines has no significant effect on the total power losses of plasma radiation in the considered quenching scenario (massive argon injection in the 15 MA, Q ~ 10 basic scenario in ITER, carried out at the quasi-stationary stage of the discharge, flat-top of the current). The most significant effect appears to be the multiplet splitting of atomic levels, which provides an increase in the radiative losses, e.g., by a factor of ~2 for low-ionized atoms at low temperatures, because the resolution of the fine structure of atomic levels for Δn = 0 transitions leads to a contribution of lower excitation energy than that in the model of multiplet-average radiative transitions.

During the LHC Run 2 several methods to identify charged $$\Sigma$$ have been developed by ALICE. The main challenge of $$\Sigma$$ measurements is the reconstruction of (anti-)neutrons, neutral mesons and soft photons produced in the decays using the electromagnetic calorimeter and photon conversion method. A novel method to detect anti-neutrons in the Photon Spectrometer (PHOS) was proposed, allowing the $$\bar{\Sigma}^{\pm}\rightarrow\bar{n}\pi^{\pm}$$ decays to be reconstructed. We present the transverse momentum spectra of $$\bar{\Sigma}^{\pm}$$ in minimum bias pp and p–Pb collisions at $$\sqrt{s}=5.02$$ TeV compared with predictions from state-of-the-art Monte Carlo models. Also, results related to $$\Sigma^{+}\rightarrow p\pi^{0}$$ and $$\Sigma^{0}\rightarrow\gamma\Lambda$$ spectra and integrated yields measurements in Run 2 are presented.