Two new phenanthroindolizidine alkaloids, lepicarpine A ( 1 ) and lepicarpine B ( 2 ), along with two known compounds, (+)-6-demethyltylocrebrine ( 3 ) and (+)-6-demethyltylophorine ( 4 ), were isolated from the leaves of Ficus lepicarpa . Their chemical structures and absolute configurations were elucidated through comprehensive spectroscopic analyses. In vitro cytotoxicity assays revealed that all four compounds exhibited antiproliferative activity against human cancer cell lines. Compound 1 showed pronounced selectivity toward colorectal adenocarcinoma SW48 cells (IC 50 0.66 μM), demonstrating 10-fold greater potency than 5-fluorouracil. Notably, compound 2 exhibited the most potent and broad-spectrum cytotoxic activity, with IC 50 values of 0.05 μM (SW48), 0.64 μM (Caco-2), and 0.17 μM (H1299), achieving potency comparable to doxorubicin against SW48 cells and significantly surpassing 5-fluorouracil across all tested cell lines. The occurrence of phenanthroindolizidine alkaloids in F. lepicarpa further supports their chemotaxonomic association with Section Sycocarpus of Subgenus Sycomorus . • Two new phenanthroindolizidine alkaloids were isolated from Ficus lepicarpa • Lepicarpine B showed exceptional cytotoxicity (IC 50 0.05 μM) against SW48 cells. • The occurrence of phenanthroindolizidines supports Section Sycocarpus affiliation.

Phomalactones A ( 1 ) and B ( 2 ), two new γ -lactam derivatives, and one known compound, namely, phaeosphaeride A ( 3 ), were isolated from Paraphoma sp. AC-G1, an endophytic fungus isolated from Artemisia argyi . Their structures were determined using 1D and 2D NMR spectra, HRESIMS, and optical rotation measurements. Compounds 1–3 were assessed for their antimicrobial activities on Ralstonia solanacearum , Fusarium oxysporum , and Alternaria alternata . The results showed that compounds 1 and 3 exhibited significant inhibition on F. oxysporum . • Two new γ -lactam derivatives ( 1 and 2 ) were isolated from Paraphoma sp. AC-G1. • Chemical structures of compounds were determined by comprehensive spectroscopic data. • Compounds 1 and 3 exhibited significant inhibition on Fusarium oxysporum .

Developing effective therapies for COVID-19-triggered acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) remains a major challenge. Inflammatory signaling molecules have emerged as promising druggable targets. This study employed an integrated network pharmacology and molecular modeling strategy to investigate the anti-inflammatory phytoconstituents (PCs) against COVID-19-triggered ARDS. Putative targets of PCs and disease genes were retrieved from multiple databases, followed by PPI and enrichment analyses, along with network visualization. Network pharmacology identified key phytoconstituents: 1-dehydro-6-gingerol, apigenin-7-glucoside, and quercetin, and crucial targets including EGFR, JAK2, RELA, HSP90AA1, and PIK3CA from the F-B-PCs-T-P network. Enriched inflammatory pathways included Toll-like receptor, PI3K-Akt, NOD-like receptor, and HIF-1 signaling. Molecular docking and dynamics simulations further confirmed stable, high-affinity interactions between these targets and selected PCs. Specifically, apigenin-7-glucoside showed strong binding with JAK2 and RELA, while quercetin favoured JAK2 and EGFR. Overall, the findings underscore the therapeutic potential of these PCs and validate integrated in silico approaches (in) drug discovery. A strategy to identify potential phytoconstituents and targets for treating COVID-19-triggered ARDS. ● Network pharmacology identified EGFR, JAK2, RELA, HSP90AA1, and PIK3CA as crucial targets in COVID-19 triggered ARDS. ● Apigenin-7-glucoside showed strong binding affinity with JAK2 (–10.0 kcal/mol) and RELA (–8.0 kcal/mol). ● Quercetin exhibited favourable interactions with JAK2 (–9.3 kcal/mol) and EGFR (–8.5 kcal/mol). ● Repurposing apigenin-7-glucoside and quercetin as potential therapeutic candidates for COVID-19 triggered ARDS.