Kidney is the organ transplanted most often. An increase in the number of expanded criteria donors (ECD) has been observed for years, and consequently the condition of transplanted organs worsened. In recent years, the possibility to recover organs from donors after cardiac death (DCD) became legally available in Poland, which will result in the increase of donors. Every DCD donor is at the same time ECD donor. One of the most important challenges the transplantology has to face is the improvement of the quality of transplanted organs. In this study the available data on the reduction of warm ischemic time (WIT) on transplanted kidney has been presented. WIT may influence early and late outcome of kidney allograft. Long WIT increases the risk of delayed graft function (DGF). DGF occurs more often in transplanted kidneys from DCD. One of the main reasons for that is the fact that DCD have longer WIT compared to donors after brain death (DBD). So-called WIT II appearing during vascular anastomosis in kidney transplantation may be reduced by various techniques. The model of clear sterilized polyethylene bag developed by the authors has been presented. The construction of the bag, consisting of three compartments, allow to safely perform vascular anastomosis while keeping the temperature of the transplanted kidney low. The article describes as well other techniques used to decrease WIT II. The effect of anastomosis time on allograft outcome is still not well researched. The article presents the newest information regarding the influence of WIT on graft and patient survival.

Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) belong to the new class of mesoporous, hybrid materials composed of metal ions and organic binding ligands. Their unique features: wide range of chemical building components, which enables obtaining biocompatible materials, and high surface area and loading capacity, make them promising drug delivery vehicles for therapeutic agents. The ability to tune their structures and porosities provides better adjustment for adsorbed drug molecule. Moreover, MOFs functionalized with ligands or antibodies can be used in cancer targeted therapy. Through the incorporation of paramagnetic metal ions into the structure, MOFs are suited to serve as magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) contrast agents. Combining drug delivery ability with imaging properties of MOFs indicates their potential use as theranostic agents and makes possible monitoring drug delivery within the body after administration in the real time. The aim of the present study is to characterize a new class of compounds and to present potential possibilities of their use as excipients in pharmaceutical technology .

StreszczenieWprowadzenie.Formua tabletek rozpadajcych si w jamie ustnej (ODT) jest skierowana do pacjentw majcych problemy z poykaniem.W przypadku tabletek otrzymywanych przez bezporednie tabletkowanie wane znaczenie ma dobr odpowiednich

In the present study, Mouth Dissolving Tablets (MDTs) of aceclofenac were formulated by direct compression technique. Sodium starch glycolate and crospovidone were employed as superdisintegrants in various concentrations like 2%, 3% and 4% w/w. All prepared tablets were evaluated for weight variation, hardness, drug content, friability, disintegration time, in vitro wetting time and percent drug release. MDTs containing 4% w/w concentration of crospovidone give best results and is therefore considered as the best formula. It has shown 30 s disintegration time, 25 s wetting time and 79.34% in vitro release of drug in 25 min.

The reflection coefficient of the membrane (sigma) is one of the basic parameters of the polymer membrane transport. Classical methods used to determine this parameter require intensive mixing of two solutions separated by a membrane to eliminate the effects of concentration polarization. In the real conditions, especially in biological systems, this requirement is challenging. Thus, concentration boundary layers, which are the essence of the phenomenon of concentration polarization, form on both sides of the membrane. The main aim of this paper is to determine whether the value of reflection coefficient in a concentration polarization conditions depend on the concentration of solutions and hydrodynamic state of concentration boundary layers. In this paper, we used the hemodialysis membrane of cellulose acetate (Nephrophan) and aqueous glucose solutions as the research materials. Formalism of nonequilibrium thermodynamics and Kedem-Katchalsky equations were our research tools. Derived mathematical equations describe the ratio of reflection coefficients in a concentration polarization conditions (sigmaS) and in terms of homogeneity of the solutions (sigma). This ratio was calculated for the configuration in which the membrane was oriented horizontally. It was shown that each of the curves has a biffurcation point. Above this point, the value of the reflection coefficients depended on the concentration of the solution, the configuration of the membrane system and the hydrodynamic concentration boundary layers. Below this point, the system did not distinguish the gravitational directions. on coefficient of the hemodialysis membrane in a concentration polarization condition (sigmaS) is dependent on both the solutions concentration and the hydrodynamic state of the concentration boundary layers. The value of this coefficient is the largest in the state of forced convection, lower--in natural convection state and the lowest in diffusive state. Obtained equations may be relevant to the interpretation of membrane transport processes in conditions where the assumption of homogeneity of the solution is difficult to implement

Embolisation is a endovascular technique of vessels closure using embolisation material, which is applied into vessels throw catheter. As an embolisation material coils Gianturco-Wallace i Tornado (Cook) were used. Length and size of coils was determined individually during precedure. 38 patients of Vascular Surgery Department and Radiology Department of Medical University in Wroclaw were treated by endovascular embolisation of insufficient perforators. Procedures were made on 40 limbs with post-thrombotic complex and venous ulcers (6th degree of CEAP classification). 68 endovascular procedures were made, 143 metal coils were used. Using endovascular method 85% of ulcers were comletely cured. Endovascular embolisation is safe and effective method of veonous ulcers curing. Itmay be used at outpatients clinic.

There are many methods to increase solubility of a substance. These include, inter alia, preparation of solid dispersions, i.e. eutectic mixtures, solid solutions, glassy solutions and suspensions. When compared to the individual constituents prior to dispersion formation solid dispersion components are better soluble in water. Therefore, solid solutions became one of the most promising ways to modify solubility, ensuring improved bioavailability and consequently therapeutic efficacy of a substance. In this part of the publication solid dispersions were classified and described in regard to their properties and preparation methods, i.e. melting method, melt evaporation and melt extrusion methods, lyophilisation technique, melt agglomeration process as well as SCF technology and electrospinning.

In this paper the Kedem-Katchalsky equations were derived, using hybrid transformation of Peusner's network. These equations were applied to interpretation of a transport through polymeric membrane of binary nonelectrolyte solutions under concentration polarization conditions. The values of coefficients P(ij)* (i, j = 1, 2) were calculated for Nephrophan membrane and aqueous glucose solutions. From the calculations it results that the coefficient values P(11)*, P(12)*, P(21)* and P(22)* are nonlinear depend on a solution concentration (C) and configuration of the membrane system. Moreover, the values of coefficients P(11)*, P(12)*, P(21)* and P(22)* were compared to the values of coefficients H(11), H(12), H(21) and H(22), calculated for conditions of solution homogeneity for the same values C and varied configurations of membrane system. It is shown that a threshold value exists and when exceeded, coefficients relations P(11)*/P(11), P(12)*/P(12) and P(22)/P(22) depend on a configuration of the membrane system.

The Kedem-Katchalsky equations, derived using symmetric transformation of the Peusner's network, to interpretation of transport through Nephrophan membrane of glucose aqueous solutions in concentration polarization conditions were employed. The values of L(ij)* (i, j = 1, 2) coefficients were calculated. From these calculations it results that, the value of coefficient L(11)* is constant, while values of the coefficients L(12)* = L(21)* and L(22)* are dependent as well as on concentration of solutions (C) and configuration of membrane system.

The review focuses on progress of molecularly imprinted polymers for medical diagnostics and clinical analysis. This class of new and selective polymeric materials could find future applications in monitoring of diabetes and tumors, in diagnostics of kidney and heart diseases, arteriosclerosis or in blood analysis.