Reviewed by: Literary Fictions of the Contemporary Art System: Global Perspectives in Spanish and Portuguese by Carlos Garrido Castellano Thomas Waller Carlos Garrido Castellano, Literary Fictions of the Contemporary Art System: Global Perspectives in Spanish and Portuguese (Oxford and New York: Routledge, 2023). 216 pages. Print and ebook. Carlos Garrido Castellano's latest book tackles the problem of the literary representation of art in an age where artmaking has become an expanded field of cultural production. Under late neoliberalism, the social status of 'being' or 'not being' an artist has become blurred, and this has consequences for the historical form of the art novel. Whereas the nineteenth-century Künstlerroman could still rely on the existence of a Bohemian alternative to the bourgeois norm, the figure of the artist in our contemporary epoch has been thoroughly integrated into the circuits through which capitalism reproduces itself. How one periodizes this historical shift is open to contestation, but the claim that artmaking is no longer nonconformist is surely uncontroversial. The aesthetic ideology of individual genius, for instance, now gives its imprimatur to joint ventures between art and industry. Cultural policymakers and management [End Page 225] theorists are eager to champion artistic creativity as a model for the self-realizing corporate subject. The ideal of the autonomous artist — a paradigm of nineteenth-century Romanticism — is now deployed as a smokescreen for the neoliberal argument that insecure employment in temporary networks fosters groundbreaking innovation.3 But if artmaking has in this way been enlisted as a constitutive moment in social definitions of neoliberal selfhood, then what becomes of the art novel as a genre, which has historically harnessed art's nonintegration into society at large? This is Garrido Castellano's jumping-off point in Literary Fictions of the Contemporary Art System. The book's objectives are as ambitious as its central theme is far-reaching. Firstly, Garrido Castellano sets out to demonstrate that the contemporary art novel cannot be reduced to a merely reproductive function in the context of neoliberal capitalism, even while artistic practices themselves now shape social life in more expansive ways that are historically new. A cornerstone of the book's argument is that art fictions do more than either straightforwardly denounce or apologetically reconfirm the status quo. Rather, they carve out indeterminate spaces for alternative ways of thinking, or what Garrido Castellano calls 'art ecologies'. This point is closely connected to the monograph's global orientation, for if narratives of the total subsumption of art under capital are a commonplace of cultural criticism in the core zones of the world-system, 'the idea that "artistic capitalism" leaves no alternative and engulfs all singularities and specificities loses traction when applied to contexts outside Europe and North America' (p. 5). Garrido Castellano's own primary corpus does not fail to deliver on this promise to amplify the geographical scope with which critics usually approach literary representations of art, including texts from Mexico (Álvaro Enrigue), Angola (Ondjaki, José Eduardo Agualusa), and the Dominican Republic (Rita Indiana Hernández). A second objective of Literary Fictions of the Contemporary Art System is to evaluate the relationship between neoliberalism and the contemporary art novel. Although the perspective of the book is a global and synthetic one, Garrido Castellano is sensitive to the uneven articulation of neoliberalism throughout the (semi-)peripheries. His discussion of the politics and aesthetics of narcocapitalism in neoliberal Mexico, for example, attests to the interweaving of art and drugs-related violence throughout the 1990s. Reading Enrigue's novel La Muerte de un instalador, Garrido Castellano describes art's function as one of rupture and shock but also recognizes its role in aestheticizing and commodifying violence (pp. 32–40). The artworld in Angola, by contrast, is entangled with the legacies of colonialism and the post-socialist transition to forms of kleptocratic governance. Ondjaki's Os Transparentes tackles the issue of capitalist extractivism in contemporary Angola by satirizing the dangers attendant on the intensification of petroleum production. Yet, as Garrido [End Page 226] Castellano's commentary insists, the novel also emphasizes the role of art in redefining national identity in the wake of the Marxist-Leninist era, presenting a positive image of...

ObituaryAlan Freeland (1940–2022) Jaine Beswick and Mark Dinneen During his long academic career, Alan Freeland, who died in November 2022, established himself as one of the UK's foremost scholars of Portuguese literature and culture, and was particularly admired for his extensive work on the celebrated nineteenth-century author, Eça de Queiroz. Alan spent all but two years of his career at the University of Southampton, where, almost singlehandedly, he created one of the strongest and most highly regarded centres for Portuguese Studies in the UK. Born in Northern Ireland in 1940, Alan studied Modern and Medieval Languages at Cambridge University, and he stayed there to work for his PhD. Titled 'The Individual and Society in the Novels of Eça de Queiroz', his thesis established his lifelong passion for Eça's work. After two years in a lecturing post at the University of Newcastle upon Tyne, he moved to Southampton in 1967, where he was specifically tasked with developing Portuguese Studies. His achievements in this area were outstanding: at the time of his arrival, only a handful of students studied Portuguese, but by his retirement in 2001 the popularity of his innovative Portuguese language and literature courses had long been firmly established, attracting solid numbers of students annually. Largely the product of Alan's tireless work, a key contribution to the growing prestige of Portuguese Studies at Southampton was the ongoing financial support obtained from the Calouste Gulbenkian Foundation from the mid-1980s. The generous grant permitted the appointment of a distinguished Portuguese scholar to carry out research and give input into undergraduate courses. The scheme ran for some years, and collaboration between the scholars involved and research staff in other Southampton Departments, such as History and Archaeology, made Portuguese Studies increasingly cross-disciplinary. The grant also funded a series of annual Gulbenkian lectures, based around the theme of Portuguese self-identity. Attracting distinguished speakers from academia and beyond, the lectures became a major university-wide event, regularly drawing a large audience. With joint funding from the Gulbenkian Foundation and the University of Southampton, the series ran for fourteen years. The development of effective and high-quality Portuguese language courses [End Page 111] was another of Alan's notable achievements. For many years, he worked closely with the Portuguese leitor/a to produce popular programmes that catered for students from beginners' to advanced level. His innovative approach paved the way for bilingual students to be able to study Portuguese at Southampton as part of their degree, largely uncommon in UK institutions, and he was also invited to become the consultant for the BBC's first televised course in Portuguese, Discovering Portuguese. Alan designed the syllabus, wrote the course and produced the supporting course book, published in 1987 and reprinted several times in subsequent years. The course was broadcast annually on BBC Television between 1987 and 1995, and the book is still used today by many Portuguese teachers. Alan published his first monograph on Eça de Queiroz in 1989. O leitor e a verdade oculta: ensaio sobre Os Maias (Lisbon: IN–CM, 1989), analyses the narrative process of Os Maias as a structure of embedded stories suggesting hidden themes of disorder. Several journal articles also grew out of this research, before Alan turned his attention to Eça's correspondence whilst serving as Portuguese Consul in Havana, Newcastle upon Tyne and Bristol, producing the first full edition of these papers. In his introduction to Eça de Queiroz: correspondência consular (Lisbon: Cosmos, 1994), Alan highlights Eça's changing ideology, and draws attention to a misleading biographical tradition that had portrayed him as a humanitarian or socialist hero. As a result of this notable research, Alan was invited to contribute to the Dicionário de Eça de Queiroz and to join the editorial board of Querosiana, headed by Professor Carlos Reis. He was not exclusively an Eça specialist, however, and his research adopted a wider focus in later years, examining more broadly the fiction of national identity in Portugal between 1870 and 1910. He produced several important journal articles on the response of writers of the period to such developments as the...

Abstract: This article presents a comparative approach to understanding the literary characterization of Fernando Pessoa's heteronym, Álvaro de Campos, in relation to Walt Whitman's poetic persona. Two main axes structure it. The first makes a brief introduction to Fernando Pessoa's drama-em-gente and highlights the distinctive role of Álvaro de Campos in this system through a bibliographical and critical review. The second consists of a reading of the 'Saudação a Walt Whitman' as a poem of catharsis through stylistic comparison, Gérard Genette's concept of transtextuality, and the topology of identification in the reception of Hans Robert Jauss. Throughout the analysis, I contrast the poetic personas of Campos and Whitman in terms of style, I point out the fundamental devices with which Campos identifies in Whitman's persona, and I refer to the presence of transtextual references to Whitman's work in Campos's poem. Throughout these pages, I also raise suggestions about how the cosmopolitan themes of Whitman's transcendental poems are derived and changed to shape a part of Pessoa's avant-garde poetics. Resumo: O presente artigo apresenta uma abordagem comparativa para compreender a caracterização literária do heterónimo de Fernando Pessoa, Álvaro de Campos, em relação à persona poética de Walt Whitman. Dois eixos principais o constroem. O primeiro faz uma breve introdução ao drama-emgente de Fernando Pessoa e destaca o papel marcante de Álvaro de Campos nesse sistema por meio de revisão bibliográfica e crítica. O segundo consiste numa leitura da 'Saudação a Walt Whitman' como um poema de catarse através da comparação estilística, do conceito de transtextualidade de Gérard Genette e da topologia da identificação na recepção de Hans Robert Jauss. Ao longo da análise, contrasto as personas poéticas de Campos e Whitman em termos de estilo, aponto os dispositivos fundamentais com os quais Campos se identifica na persona de Whitman e refiro-me à presença de referências transtextuais à obra de Whitman no poema de Campos. Ao longo destas páginas, também levanto sugestões sobre como os temas cosmopolitas dos poemas transcendentais de Whitman derivam e mudam para dar forma a uma parte da poética de vanguarda de Pessoa.

Erica Dantas Brasil (1969–2022) Adam Sharman Language students have very particular expectations of teachers who are from the country whose language they’re studying. As far as students are concerned, such teachers don’t just teach the country’s language; they represent the country. They are ambassadors. In Erica’s case, she didn’t represent a bit of the country; she was the entire country. It was official, it was her name. She was Erica Dantas Brasil. And what a job she did being Brazil in Nottingham for more than twenty years, first under the umbrella of the Department of Spanish, Portuguese and Latin American Studies (SPLAS), and latterly under that of the Department of Modern Languages and Cultures. Erica was born in the Brazilian Atlantic port city of Fortaleza in 1969, that is, at the height of the military dictatorship. Her family then moved from the northeast to the south of Brazil in the early 1970s as part of that wave of mass migration to the cities. She was educated principally in São Paulo, where she obtained a BSc in Psychology at the Catholic University, in 1992. In 1994, she completed an MA in Psychology at the State University of São Paulo. Then, in 1998, she won an award from the Foreign and Commonwealth Office to do an MA in Social Work in the School of Law and Social Sciences here at the University of Nottingham, which she completed in 1999. A year later, she won a scholarship to do a PhD in Spanish, Portuguese and Latin American Studies (i.e. SPLAS) in Nottingham. The thesis, which was on Foster Care, was awarded in 2010. The dates tell a story. It was the practice in SPLAS in those days to give PhD students a fees waiver in return for some teaching. Erica was thus a Graduate Teaching Assistant in Portuguese Studies for the first four years of her PhD, before becoming the full-time co-ordinator of the Portuguese language programme in 2004. In other words, she held down a full-time teaching position while doing her thesis. As Coordinator of Portuguese Language, she built a formidable team, training and mentoring colleagues; she developed on-line language exchanges between Nottingham students and students in Brazil; and she dedicated herself to undergraduates with passion and patience. In 2021, her dedication and talent [End Page v] were recognized with a Lord Dearing Award for Excellence in Teaching. She set up internships for our students with a Translation and Interpreting company in São Paulo, and helped establish placements in two British Council partner international language schools in Brazil. In Argentina, she negotiated training for students in the area of advocacy with RELAF, an International NGO dedicated to children’s rights on whose Consultative Committee she sat. Erica was an active researcher. She presented her work in the field of Children’s Rights in Latin America at international conferences. She published articles, book chapters and translations. And she became co-researcher on a project in the History Department of the Federal University Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, funded by the Brazilian Funding Agency, a project that entailed interviewing women who had been involved in armed struggle during the Brazilian dictatorship of the 1960s and ’70s. Beyond SPLAS and the Department of Modern Languages and Cultures, Erica served the University on high-level delegations to Latin America. She was a member of the University’s Latin American Regional Advisory Network, with responsibility for fostering collaborations with Brazilian institutions. And in recognition of her outstanding contribution, Erica was promoted to Assistant Professor in Portuguese in 2018. But even without all the achievements outlined above, which include ongoing active participation in Nottingham’s vibrant Brazilian community, it would be enough to single out Erica’s role at the heart of Lusophone Studies in the University. For more than two decades, she helped inculcate in countless undergraduate students a profound love for all things Portuguese and Brazilian. She more than lived up to her name. Erica Dantas Brasil passed away in July 2022, and is much missed by friends, family and colleagues in the UK, Brazil and beyond. [End Page vi] Adam Sharman Professor...

The literary production in the periodical press in Portuguese from Macao is a vast but poorly known corpus, and most of the authors who contributed to it at the beginning of the twentieth century are very little known, if not altogether unknown. This essay focuses on two literary and cultural magazines: Oriente. Revista Mensal (1915) and Macau. Semanário Artístico, Literário e Social (1918–19), to assess whether they represent any move towards a recognition of a Portuguese-language Macau as a space of cultural and literary awareness. Even though the first is a Catholic and conservative publication and the second shows a republican-anarchist ideological background, they share local authors and themes. However, in these magazines we do not find the formation of local literary movements, indigenous to Macao, but rather the voices of dislocated Portuguese intellectuals and writers, and their orientalizing view. Even so, it will be argued that it is precisely this that can, in this same period, characterize what constitutes Macao Literature in Portuguese and that perhaps this concept has to be reread in order to also include this reality.

'Titanic Cyclops' or 'Cyclopean Titan'?:Adamastor and Gonzalo Pérez's Ulyxea and Gregorio Hernández de Velasco's Eneida Thomas Clark Abstract Although Adamastor's purpose and symbolic meaning in Os Lusíadas has provoked an array of critical responses, in terms of his mythological genealogy, he is often taken at his word and accepted as a 'Titanic' brother to the pre-Olympians. Several critics, however, relate him to the Polyphemus tradition. This article explores some of the connections that Adamastor shares with that tradition, through examples of intertextuality with two sixteenth-century Spanish translations: Gonzalo Pérez's Ulyxea and Gregorio Hernández de Velasco's Eneida. It aims to substantiate earlier, critical arguments relating to Adamastor's connections to the tradition, in particular those of Manuel de Faria e Sousa and David Quint, proposing that Adamastor should be considered as an amalgamation of the 'Titanic' and the 'Cyclopean': a 'Titanic Cyclops' or 'Cyclopean Titan'. It also aims to further the critical debate on Camões's appreciation of the Odyssey and the Aeneid, proposing the translations as possible source texts and exploring their availability to Camões, both in Portugal and during his time in Goa. Resumo Embora o propósito e o significado simbólico de Adamastor n'Os Lusíadas tenha ocasionado um leque de reflexões críticas, no que diz respeito à sua genealogia mitológica, e apesar de vários críticos o relacionarem com a tradição de Polifemo, costuma-se acreditar na sua palavra e geralmente aceitase o Adamastor como um irmão 'titânico' dos deuses pré-olímpicos. Este artigo examina algumas das ligações entre Adamastor e a tradição, através de exemplos de intertextualidade de duas traduções quinhentistas castelhanas: a Ulyxea de Gonzalo Pérez e a Eneida de Gregorio Hernández de Velasco. O artigo tem como objetivo evidenciar os argumentos críticos existentes relacionados com as ligações de Adamastor com a tradição, especialmente os de Manuel de Faria e Sousa e os de David Quint, e propõe que o Adamastor se deva considerar uma amalgamação do 'titânico' e do 'ciclópico': um 'ciclope titânico' ou um 'titã ciclópico'. Além disso, o artigo visa desenvolver o debate crítico referente ao apreço de Camões pela Odisseia e pela Eneida, sugerindo que as traduções sejam fontes possíveis do seu conhecimento e examinando a sua disponibilidade a Camões, tanto em Portugal como durante o seu tempo em Goa. Keywords Adamastor, Gonzalo Pérez, Ulyxea, Gregório Hernández de Velasco, Eneida, Odyssey, Aeneid Palavras-chave Adamastor, Gonzalo Pérez, Ulyxea, Gregório Hernández de Velasco, Eneida, Odisseia Having manifested from an ominous cloud and threatened of future shipwreck and deaths (v. 37–48), in canto v, stanza 49, of Os Lusíadas, Adamastor is interrupted by Vasco da Gama, who boldly asks 'Quem és tu?' [Who are you?], and, in response, the figure offers an explanation of his history and origins (v. 50–51), from which several conclusions can be drawn: he called himself Adamastor; he is part of the Cape of Good Hope; as one of the 'filhos aspérrimos da terra' [Earth's rugged sons], he appears to share a bloodline with Enceladus, Aegaeon/Briareus, and the Hundred Hander; and he fought in a war against the Olympian gods.1 However, little more can be said for certain about Adamastor, and, consequently, he is often taken at his word and accepted as a 'Titanic' brother to the pre-Olympians. Yet, there is also good reason to associate him with the classical Polyphemus. Luís de Oliveira e Silva, for example, remarks that Adamastor represents Homer's encounter between Odysseus and Polyphemus.2 Meanwhile, Américo da Costa Ramalho notes that Adamastor relates to the Polyphemus of Ovid's Metamorphoses, as well as the Polyphemus of Homer and Virgil, because of the terror that he instils in the sailors, and to Theocritus's Cyclops, because of the indifference that Thetis shows him.3 Similarly, Clive Willis suggests that 'the role of Adamastor was doubtless suggested by that...

The liminal position of the 'cannibal', at the convergence of what can and cannot be understood as truly 'human', has made 'anthropophagy' a productive sign in the field of Translation Studies. Since the Brazilian theory of Antropofagia first gained traction with postcolonial translation theorists in the 1990s, 'cannibal translations' have referred to translational procedures that challenge and deny a hierarchical relation between European and non-European cultural production. This article first tracks the uptake of Oswaldian Antropofagia via analyses of Haroldo de Campos's translation theories, then considers the ways in which the contemporary anthropological theory elaborated by Eduardo Viveiros de Castro shifts our understanding of both 'cannibals' and 'translation'. Ultimately, I argue that Castro's work extends and strengthens the value of a 'cannibal' model for postcolonial literary translation by offering a theory of cultural contact—and hence translation—that is envisioned from the perspective of the colonial Other.

Reviewed by: Postcolonial People: The Return from Africa and the Remaking of Portugal by Christoph Kalter Olivia Glaze Christoph Kalter, Postcolonial People: The Return from Africa and the Remaking of Portugal (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2022). xxvii + 351 pages. Print and ebook. Postcolonial People expertly traces how the Portuguese navigated the messy period of decolonization through a fresh historicization of the returnee community. Whilst this topic has been recently considered within sociological, cultural, and anthropological disciplines, this book breaks new ground as the first in-depth study to analyse the retornado experience under a historical lens and is innovative in its consideration of previously unexplored primary sources. Kalter charts the process and consequences of the 'return' of these settlers to a newly democratic Portugal and the varying ways that this migratory flow interrogates the role of the nation-state within a post-imperial world. One of Postcolonial People's primary originalities lies in its engagement with the returnees' effect on the Portuguese postcolonial present through a reordering of the nation. Kalter makes unequivocally clear that Europe's post-war reality can never be understood separately from the mass migrations experienced at the end of decolonization and it is through such considerations that this book will be of great interest to scholars not only of Portuguese studies but of decolonial and migration studies in general. The book opens with a clear outline of the historical backdrop to the returnee migrants, which acts as a useful overview to both specialists and newcomers to the topic. Kalter's introduction offers the necessary frameworks of migration and refugee studies in highly accessible terms, bolstered by well-considered comparisons to the Algerian pied-noir community. The book is then split into four chapters, each focusing on a different central theme, namely migrant categorization, the welfare state and the integration process, political engagement, and finally the memory boom. The book's overall thematic span is broad, encompassing decolonization, migration, refugee studies, and transnationality to question how our understanding of national [End Page 93] pasts is informed by global history. Even so, the book's clear structure acts as a supportive framework which allows these themes to interact effortlessly. Chapter 1 considers the varying push and pull factors for the returnee migration but is particularly innovative in its interrogation and historicization of the range of labels given to this migratory community. Focusing primarily on the terms retornados (returnees) and refugiados (refugees), this chapter astutely maps how these differing labels affect notions of belonging, security, and mobility, and provoke diverse emotional, and, critically, political responses. Kalter places particular focus on the lack of unity surrounding the language politics used by international, domestic, and foreign institutional bodies, such as the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees, and the implications that this disunity had on the welfare offered. In focusing on the descriptors given to communities caught up in refugee-generating processes, Kalter convincingly advises that the term refugee be considered not as a fixed category, but rather as a 'gradual, relational, and contextualised category of analysis' (p. 99), which, in turn, enables a deeper consideration of broader questions of migration and identity. This study makes clear that to better understand the postcolonial nation, and indeed our globalized present-day, an analysis into how different categorizations offer or deny power and agency to migrant communities is significant and consequential. Kalter compellingly argues that most returnees can be considered as refugees but they are certainly not the only refugee group within this period. This chapter demonstrates that the privileged retornado experience of migration is in line with their privileged minority status during colonialism, and must therefore be understood as part of the wider landscape of refugee flows. Their opportunity to relocate to Portugal should be held in stark comparison to the thousands of Africans who were refused citizenship upon arrival, a reality which directly contrasts with the long-standing myth of Portugal's multicontinental identity. Kalter maintains that to accept the retornados' privileged position is not to downplay their suffering, but rather to foster an understanding of the shared history of colonialism and experiences of migration. Chapter 2 pivots toward a social history of the return and charts the...