The study presents the problems of courts, in the case of sentencing for crimes of false testimony in the light of judicial decisions. The article is, therefore, a presentation of issued decisions of common courts and the Supreme Court in the scope of this off ense, indicating the changes made to the law. The author will attempt to resolve the problem of the circumstances in which a false testimony is sentenced for as an off ence, given the current case-law of the Supreme Court and common courts. The conclusions of the discussed principles of sentencing for this crime (based on available statistics), will be the starting point for the assessment.

Conflicts are an integral part of people’s lives, regardless of their age. This aspect of life evokes many negative connotations. Nevertheless, the advantages of confl icts are now often exposed, providing that they are solved in a constructive way. The adolescent period is a stage of life that undoubtedly favours the frequency and intensity of diffi cult interpersonal situations. Therefore, the researchers decided to analyse which confl ict resolution styles are favoured by youth. The research was conducted in a group of one hundred and twentytwo secondary school students, half of whom were minors. A diagnostic opinion poll was applied. To be precise, it was the Confl ict Mode Instrument of Thomas and Kilmann. From the data obtained it stems that the minors, in comparison to the youth who are not under the supervision of a probation offi cer, are less likely to give up their own needs and interests on behalf of their partner in confl ict. However, equally often, people from the comparison groups solve confl icts by competing, looking for a compromise, using escaping mechanisms as well as cooperating with the confl ict partner. This means that it is worth applying negotiation and mediation as a preventative measure to prevent the escalation of the symptoms of social maladjustment.

The perception and execution of imprisonment, but also the objectives of punishment itself, have undergone a huge evolution over the years. By comparing news and history, you can even speak of a revolution. Bearing in mind the content of the proposed changes, it can be presumed that the institution of imprisonment and, above all, its objectives, will be subject to revolution, a litter shorter over time, but equally signifi cant. The changes assume the possibility of a court ordering absolute imprisonment for life. The issue in question will be presented by the author in this study.

This article presents the role and the meaning of the key element of the Miranda Warning, i.e. the right to remain silent in the Irish criminal proceedings. The cognitive value is also refl ected in the comparison of that rule with the right to refuse to make a statement by the detained, applicable in the Polish criminal procedural law.

Celem niniejszego artykułu jest zaprezentowanie czytelnikowi specyfiki aktywności młodzieżowych gangów ulicznych w kontekście zjawiska radykalizacji. Cel praktyczny natomiast stanowią, wynikające z badań rekomendacje dla praktyki, nakierowane na tworzenie modeli pracy z grupami radykalnymi w kontekście lokalnym. Rekomendacje adresowane są w szczególności do pedagogów i wychowawców, pracowników społecznych, kuratorów sądowych, streetworkerów, Ppolicji, decydentów i wszystkich tych, którzy chcą podnieść swoje kompetencje w zakresie rozumienia czasami skomplikowanych zależności pomiędzy aktywnością dziecka na ulicy a działaniem młodzieżowego gangu ulicznego."