The primary objective of this comprehensive study involves the theoretical formulation and scientific substantiation of a robust methodology for developing high-efficiency, energy-saving electric starter systems for transport diesel-generator units. Powered by advanced hybrid energy sources, these systems ensure guaranteed engine ignition under adverse operating conditions while simultaneously achieving a radical reduction in non-productive energy losses. To achieve this, the research established the fundamental theoretical foundations for adaptive starting systems, investigated rational circuit topologies for integrating hybrid storage devices into DC-buses, and implemented verified mathematical models to describe complex transient processes during hybrid activation modes. Furthermore, supercapacitor module parameters were precisely optimized to ensure stable, fail-safe operation during standard driving cycles. The most significant results include the formulation of a universal design methodology and the establishment of quantitative analytical relationships between peak cranking currents, starter acceleration time, and specific fuel consumption relative to stored energy levels. Experimental validation confirmed that the controlled boosting of cranking speeds by up to 20% can effectively reduce fuel consumption by up to 8.5% per starting cycle. Additionally, precision calculations for storage parameters guarantee effective energy recovery performance within international driving cycles. The significance of these findings lies in the creation of a fundamental framework for intelligent electric starter systems. This methodology enables a 50% reduction in required standard battery capacity through strategic supercapacitor integration. Moreover, it significantly increases the overall service life of electrical equipment by damping peak current loads and qualitatively expanding energy-saving capabilities across the variable operating modes of modern transport power systems.

The aim of this article is to create a conceptual and methodological foundation for a new, generalized theory of electrical circuits. In the generalized theory, it is assumed that the relation between voltage and current of inductors and capacitors can be described by derivatives and integrals of arbitrary order, including fractional ones. Traditional electrical engineering assumes that this relation is defined by first-order operators and represents a special case of the generalized theory. The necessity of a generalized theory is caused by a contradiction. On the one hand, there exists a broad class of elements and circuits whose behaviour is not described by the traditional theory. These include systems with memory effects, distributed and network structures, electrochemical elements, supercapacitors, and composite materials. On the other hand, their behaviour does not have a unified theoretical justification within the framework of classical circuit theory. The article analyses this contradiction and identifies the limitations inherent in the classical approach. A coherent conceptual framework of the generalized circuit theory is introduced. Methodological requirements are formulated, and a minimal axiomatics is constructed to ensure a consistent circuit description of elements with arbitrary temporal dynamics without revising the fundamental laws of electrical circuits. The scientific novelty of the obtained results lies in the formation of a conceptual basis for the further development of a generalized theory of electrical circuits. It is intended to eliminate the theoretical fragmentation and insufficient rigor characteristic of existing fractional and integral models, while preserving the basic concepts and laws of traditional circuit theory.

Operational forecasting of wind turbine power output is a critical task for power systems with a high share of renewable energy sources, as the accuracy of short-horizon power estimation directly affects system stability, the demand for balancing resources, and overall economic performance. A significant challenge in developing models based is the presence of anomalies, measurement distortions, and pronounced heterogeneity of wind turbine operating regimes, which degrades the performance of unified forecasting approaches. The objective of this study is to develop and analyze an approach to operational wind turbine power forecasting based with explicit consideration of anomalies and operating regimes. A two-stage method is proposed, including anomaly detection and clustering using densitybased algorithms, followed by the construction of separate regression models for the identified clusters, which enables accounting for operational heterogeneity and can reduce forecasting errors in specific operating regimes. The key result is the demonstrated dependence of the effectiveness of cluster-oriented modeling on the expressive capacity of the underlying regression model. For models with limited flexibility, accounting for operating regimes leads to a substantial reduction in typical prediction error under high-power operating conditions, whereas for highly expressive models a unified approach provides comparable or superior performance. The practical relevance of the proposed approach lies in its applicability to operational wind power forecasting assuming the availability of short-horizon wind speed forecasts, as well as in supporting data quality assessment and analysis of wind turbine operating regimes, thereby improving the reliability and efficiency of wind energy system operation.

The main objectives of the work are to study the thermomechanical characteristics and establish the patterns of reactive force generation by elements made of functional Cu-Al-Mn intermetallic compounds for their further use in heat engines of electrical power generation plants. The objectives were achieved using a test setup with control and measuring instruments to determine the thermomechanical characteristics of elements made of functional intermetallic compounds with different geometric and physical parameters, and by plotting the force-temperature curves. Based on the results of experimental studies, thermomechanical characteristics (dependencies of the reactive force developed by thermosensitive elements on their heating temperature) were constructed, and specific indicators of reactive force generation relative to the mass of thermosensitive elements were determined. It was established that samples at a heating temperature of +90...+100 °C restore their initial shape (after preliminary deformation) in 0.15 s. The specific indicator of reactive force generation relative to the unit mass of thermosensitive elements was determined to be – 0.97 W/g. The significance of the results obtained lies in the fact that the results of experimental studies and the established regularities will be used as a basis for the creation of a heat engine and, on its basis, an electrical installation for the generation of electrical energy operating with low-potential sources of thermal energy – secondary heat energy from technological cycles, water reservoirs of thermal and nuclear power plants, as well as thermal sources.

The aim of the article is to substantiate the use of brightness-structural features of images to select a reference object. This goal is achieved by studying the dependence of brightness-structural features of images on the sighting geometry. The solution to the first problem is based on the study of the brightness properties of images for their subsequent segmentation. The study was performed in the MATLAB software environment. The influence of sighting geometry on the distribution of image brightness was determined for sighting angles from -30˚ to -60 ˚ and altitudes from 500 to 1500 meters. The solution to the second problem is based on the study of the structural properties of images segmented by brightness. The solution to the third problem is to assess the efficiency of selecting a reference object on a segmented image using structural-brightness features. The most significant result is the substantiation of the use of brightness-structural features of images and the definition of the conditions for their use to select a reference object. The significance of the results lies in the analysis of brightness-structural features of images with different object content from the sighting geometry. The novelty of the work lies in the development of the procedure for forming current images and the decision function using the brightness-structural features of images. The difference from known works is the use of a new set of informative features in the formation of a segmented image, which is necessary for making a decision on the selection of a reference object.

The article presents the results of a study on optimization of the natural gas purification and drying process in the production of liquefied natural gas (LNG) at gas distribution stations (GDS). The aim of the work is to reduce energy costs at a small-scale natural gas liquefaction plant. To achieve this goal, the following tasks were solved: analysis of existing process flow charts for obtaining LNG at GDS and formulation of their advantages and disadvantages, description of a mathematical model of a recuperative heat exchanger. As part of the study, an analysis of small-scale LNG production technologies was carried out, which showed that the most attractive in terms of energy costs is obtain-ing liquefied gas in a throttle cycle, and their disadvantages associated with the organization of the processes of drying and cleaning natural gas before liquefaction are shown. The most important result of the study is the development of a process flow chart for processing main gas at GDS using recuper-ative heat exchangers. The significance of the results lies in reducing energy costs for the processes of gas preparation for liquefaction in the liquefied gas production unit at gas distribution stations. The paper describes a mathematical model of a recuperative heat exchanger developed for setting up a computational experiment to assess the efficiency of recuperative heat exchangers in a natural gas liquefaction cycle, as well as for modeling the processes occurring in recuperative heat exchangers of liquefied natural gas production plants.

The main objective of the work is to study the influence of the porous layer on the intensity of heat transfer during flow boiling in mini- and microchannels with localized heating from the wall side (heater size 3x3 mm2) with a channel width and length an order of magnitude larger. The following problems were solved to achieve these goals. A technology was created for forming various porous coatings on a heater based on Nickel powder with a characteristic grain size of about 60-100 μm. As a result, three different thin (150 μm scale) porous coatings were obtained: Nickel (100% Ni) and two bimetallic coatings containing copper or zinc powders (80% Ni + 20% Cu, 50% Ni + 50% Zn). Systematic studies of heat transfer during boiling with non-uniform heating in mini- and microchannels with a height of 0.55 to 2.0 mm with subcooling water were carried out. The experiments were carried out with intensive heating from the wall side, up to 1.6 kW/cm2. There are established facts that are important results. The values of heat transfer coefficients and critical heat flux on porous surfaces are significantly (up to 3 times) higher than for a smooth surface. The values of critical heat flux reached 1.2 kW/cm2, and the values of heat transfer coefficient reached 100 kW/(m2 K). The significance of the obtained results is that the features of localized heating are underestimated but are important in modern multi-chip electronic systems and promising power plants. This will allow achieving the required scale of heat exchange parameter values when developing highly efficient heat exchange systems for modern microelectronics and power engineering.

The research is aimed at substantiating the technical use of natural gas combustion in an environment with a high oxygen content and, in the long-run objective - in pure oxygen in a steam turbine power unit. To achieve this aim, the following problems were solved: the development of a mathematical model of a steam turbine power unit for operation when burning natural gas in pure oxygen, a numerical study of the power unit operation when replacing air with oxygen from 0 to 100%, and an assessment of the efficiency of the equipment in these modes. The most important result is an increase in the efficiency of the steam turbine power unit when switching to burning natural gas in an environment with a high oxygen content. The significance of the results obtained is to ensure the efficiency of CO2 capture from flue gases without a complete reconstruction of the facility. The object of the study was the Krasnodar Thermal Power Plant. In the study, the previously verified mathematical model of the power unit was modified. The model was created using the Boiler Designer software product. The mathematical model was modified by zeroing air leaks into the boiler gas path, replacing the regenerative air heater with a tubular one, and bypassing the air heater along the flue gases when operating on an oxygen-air mixture. The maximum increase in the boiler unit efficiency is 0.6% and is in the range of air substitution with oxygen from 40 to 60%.

The aim of the work is to obtain practical results for the electrical machines multiparametric design application, to conduct a comparative analysis of the parametric and multiparametric design re-sults of a turbogenerator and its elements when the load changes; to confirm the prospects the multipar-ametric design application. Currently, it is possible to use mathematical models when designing, and use parametric synthesis to optimize one specific parameter, which in certain cases turns out to be suf-ficient. The peculiarity of electric machines calculation and design is the necessity of simultaneous checking of all interrelated parameters (mechanical, electromagnetic, thermal) with any changes. The structure design with simultaneous control of several variables cannot be performed using one stage of parametric design; additional calculations are necessary. In this case, multi-parameter design is neces-sary, but it requires longer preparation for design work and higher qualifications of personnel. Therefore, it is necessary to understand in which cases it is advisable to switch from parametric to multiparametric design. The work goal set is achieved by comparing the results of a turbogenerator, stator core and busbar designing using parametric and multiparametric design. The most important is to obtain the re-sults of comparison of a complex electromechanical system parametric and multiparametric design (tur-bogenerator, its individual unit and element), including when the parameters of various physical pro-cesses change, performing a comparison of the obtained results, confirming the feasibility of carrying out multiparametric design. The significance of the obtained results is that practical examples of the multiparameter modeling use are shown. Using multiparametric design, not only a busbar refined form with increased repair and operational reliability was obtained, but the proposed solution economic ad-vantages were also indicate.

The work is devoted to the problem of water purification during the flowering of phytoplankton, as well as during salvo pollution by industrial effluents. Anthropogenic load significantly reduc-es the efficiency of purification according to the current technology, therefore, additional post-treatment methods must be used to obtain purified water of the required quality. The purpose of this article is to substantiate the choice of a sorbent within the framework of the considered wa-ter treatment technology, as well as to determine the optimal effective dosage of its dosing. This goal is achieved by implementing the following tasks: analysis of powdered sorption materials used in water treatment technology, selection of an effective dose and entry point of the selected sorption material based on experimental studies, analysis of the results obtained and develop-ment of technical solutions for the organization of a hybrid purification plant. The most im-portant results are: determination of the optimal dose of coal pulp and the frequency of dosing to maintain the required quality of purified water, determination of key water quality indicators affected by treatment with activated carbon. The achievement of these results made it possible to determine the main technological features of the water purification method and determine the possibility of combining it with other purification technologies. The significance of the results obtained lies in the fact that new technical solutions have been proposed to improve the effi-ciency of water treatment facilities during a period of drastic changes in water quality in a water source.