The present study aimed to investigate the association between adherence to the DASH diet and the risk of depression and anxiety severity in a large group of Iranian adults. In this cross-sectional study, dietary intakes were assessed using a validated 65-item food frequency questionnaire. The Beck Anxiety Inventory and the Beck Depression Inventory II were used to assess anxiety and depression, respectively. Ordinal logistic regression was applied to evaluate the association between DASH diet and depression and anxiety severity. Mashhad stroke and heart atherosclerosis disorder (MASHAD) study. 6537 and 6539 adults aged 35-65 years for depression and anxiety, respectively. We found no significant association between adherence to the DASH diet and depression severity, in the total participants as well as both gender in either crude (total: OR: 0.98; 95% CI: 0.87-1.09, men: OR: 0.88; 95% CI: 0.73-1.07, and women: OR: 1.01; 95% CI: 0.88-1.17) or fully adjusted models (total: OR: 1.03; 95% CI: 0.91-1.16, men: OR: 0.95; 95% CI: 0.78-1.17, and women: OR: 1.04; 95% CI: 0.90-1.21). Regarding anxiety, we found that men in the third tertile of DASH diet score had lower risk of experiencing more severe anxiety compared to those in the first tertile (OR: 0.80; 95% CI: 0.67-0.96). However, after controlling for potential confounders, this relationship became non-significant (OR: 0.89; 95% CI: 0.74-1.07). In the total participants as well as women, we failed to find any significant association between adherence to the DASH diet and anxiety severity either before (total: OR: 0.97; 95% CI: 0.87-1.09, women: OR: 1.05; 95% CI: 0.92-1.21) or after controlling for possible confounders (total: OR: 1.01; 95% CI: 0.90-1.12, women: OR: 1.06; 95% CI: 0.92-1.22). We found no significant association between adherence to DASH diet and depression and anxiety severity among adults.

This study aimed to develop and validate a questionnaire assessing the nutrition knowledge (NK) of Italian adult women regarding the relationship between diet, lifestyle and bone health. A thirty-item questionnaire in Italian was developed by experts based on a literature review. Participants completed the questionnaire twice, with a 2-4 week gap between the two administrations. During the initial administration, weight and height were recorded using a mechanical scale and a stadiometer, while bone mineral density (BMD) of the lumbar spine (L1-L4), femoral neck and total femur were assessed via dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA). Centre for Metabolic Bone Diseases at the Parma University Hospital, from January 2022 to June 2024. Women aged 45-75 years old, native Italian speakers, undergoing DXA at the Centre participated. The sample included 295 women with a median age of 63 years (interquartile range 11·5). The questionnaire demonstrated good internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha = 0·698) and high temporal stability (R = 0·810, P = 0·002), effectively differentiating between individuals with and without a nutritional background. Regression analysis indicated negative associations between NK score and age (β1 = -0·130, P < 0·001) and BMI (β1 = -0·193, P < 0·001). The NutriBone questionnaire is a valid and reliable tool for evaluating NK related to bone health in Italian adult women undergoing DXA, with potential for future research applications.

This research was conducted to determine if and how Australian and Canadian dietetic regulatory bodies incorporate social justice into regulatory documents and how this compares between two otherwise demographically and politically similar countries. Quantitative and qualitative content analysis of Australian and Canadian dietetic regulatory documents was performed to determine how often and in what context social justice terms were incorporated into dietetics regulation. Australia and Canada. Regulatory documents in Australia and Canada. Findings reveal that social justice is framed differently between the two countries, particularly related to working with people who experience marginalisation. Regulatory documents seldom addressed issues of systemic injustice, focusing instead on self-awareness and individualistic approaches to care. Social justice is currently framed in nutrition and dietetics regulatory documents in ways that do not align with core principles of social justice. Social justice should be reframed in regulatory documents to shift attention away from awareness, towards action, and should be done in a way that addresses systemic injustices in healthcare. Developing a clear and consistent definition of what social justice is is a critical first step in achieving this goal to overcome the challenges identified in this research study.

Food insecurity (FI) prevalence has increased globally, including in the USA, and disproportionately affects certain subgroups (e.g. women). Both food-related and non-food-related sociopolitical indicators may impact FI rates; however, these associations are underexplored. This study assessed select state-level sociopolitical indicators among states with higher and lower FI rates compared to the national average. Cross-sectional. US. We identified twenty-five states representing lower (n 18) and higher (n 7) FI prevalence compared to the 2021-2023 US average (12·2 %) and used national data sources to characterise sixteen sociopolitical indicators (selected via prior review) across three categories: (1) proximal to FI (related to food access/income/resources), (2) inequality (contributing to disparities) and (3) tobacco/alcohol/cannabis regulation (may exacerbate/perpetuate financial constraints). We described each indicator and explored their associations (using t tests or Fisher's tests) with state FI status (high v. low). For proximal indicators, low-FI (v. high-FI) states had greater food environment scores, nutrition assistance programme participation, minimum wage and insured individuals. For inequality indicators, low-FI (v. high-FI) states had narrower gender wage gaps, greater racial equity and more protective policies for sexual/gender minority populations and abortion rights. For substance-related indicators, low-FI (v. high-FI) states had higher cigarette taxes and were more likely to have comprehensive smoke-free laws, legalised non-medical cannabis and provisions for expunging/pardoning prior cannabis-related convictions. Low-FI states had more sociopolitical indicators aimed at improving food access, financial resources, equality and substance use-related regulations. Findings highlight the importance of adopting a holistic, sustainable, multilevel approach to effectively address the broader determinants of FI.

To synthesise and quantify the association between household food insecurity (HFI) and various forms of malnutrition that include stunting, wasting, underweight, overnutrition and anaemia among Indonesian children under 5 years of age. A systematic review and meta-analysis was conducted in accordance with Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) 2020 guidelines. The study included literature search, screening, data extraction, quality assessment using Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) tools and meta-analysis using Review Manager 5.4. Studies conducted in Indonesia, covering urban, rural and mixed settings across multiple provinces. Children under 5 years of age residing in Indonesia, from households assessed for food insecurity using validated tools. A total of thirty-two studies met the inclusion criteria, of which twenty-six were eligible for meta-analysis. HFI was significantly associated with higher odds of stunting (case-control: OR = 4·66; 95 % CI: 3·39, 6·40; P < 0·001; cross-sectional: OR = 4·61; 95 % CI: 4·17, 5·11; P < 0·001), wasting (OR = 1·92; 95 % CI: 1·60, 2·32; P < 0·001), underweight (OR = 5·26; 95 % CI: 2·12, 13·04; P < 0·001) and overnutrition (OR = 1·66; 95 % CI: 1·49, 1·85; P < 0·001). Children in food-secure households had significantly lower odds of anaemia (OR = 0·41; 95 % CI: 0·30, 0·58; P < 0·001). HFI is strongly associated with multiple forms of malnutrition among Indonesian children under 5 years of age. These findings highlight the urgent need for integrated, nutrition-sensitive strategies that address food security to improve child health and reduce malnutrition in Indonesia.

To co-create with rangatahi (young people) evidence-based eating and wellbeing guidelines for young people in Aotearoa New Zealand (NZ), informed by mātauranga Māori (traditional Māori knowledge). Rangatahi collaborated with Māori and non-Māori experts to review existing health guidelines covering sustainable eating, physical activity, screen time, sleep and mental wellbeing and develop their own set of guidelines. Peer feedback on the draft guidelines was used to produce the final guidelines. The process integrated scientific evidence with mātauranga Māori, following tikanga Māori (Māori custom) to ensure a culturally centred process. Wānanga (learning workshops) were held at a local marae (traditional meeting house), and feedback presentations were held in four secondary schools in Hawke's Bay, NZ. Seventeen rangatahi from four schools with high Māori student enrolment participated in the wānanga, and ninety-four students provided peer feedback through surveys. The rangatahi created ten eating and ten wellbeing guideline messages. These messages were invitational (beginning 'Let's try to…') acknowledging the challenging journey for many rangatahi from current to recommended behaviours. Only one quantification (8-10 h of sleep) was included. Three eating and three physical activity guidelines incorporated the concepts of 'mauri' (life force). The guidelines addressed contemporary issues including sustainable eating, ultra-processed foods, social dimensions of eating and physical activity, screen time and cyberbullying. They also emphasised respect, rights and responsibilities, concluding with a motivational whakatauki (proverb) about aspirations. Innovative, relevant and contemporary eating and wellbeing guidelines have been successfully co-created by rangatahi Māori for all young people across NZ.

This study aimed to examine how food processing is addressed within indices/tools used to assess healthy and sustainable diets. A scoping review was conducted following the PRISMA-ScR protocol. Peer-reviewed studies developing or applying indices/tools for assessing sustainable diets were included. Two independent reviewers performed the selection, with disagreements resolved by discussion, and, when necessary, a third reviewer was consulted to reach a consensus. The review included studies published in English, Portuguese or Spanish, without time restrictions and indexed in PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science and SciELO databases. A total of fifty-seven studies about sustainable diets were analysed. Most studies showed significant gaps in addressing food processing and other food system components when assessing sustainable diets. The majority of studies were conducted in recent years and primarily in high-income countries, and while environmental and health dimensions of sustainability are widely explored, economic and sociocultural dimensions remain underrepresented. The assessment of diet sustainability remains incomplete without accounting for the role of food processing and the broader food system. There is a need for comprehensive methodologies that integrate all sustainability dimensions while also considering local contexts, particularly in low- and middle-income countries.

To model the potential value for money of implementing proposed unhealthy food advertising restrictions on Western Australian (WA) transport-owned assets to prevent obesity-related diseases. A cost-benefit analysis using a societal perspective was undertaken to model the policy intervention over a 30-year time horizon. The effectiveness of the intervention was based on a similar policy implemented in the United Kingdom by Transport for London, adapted to the WA context. The ACE-Obesity Policy model, a validated multi-state lifetable Markov model, was used to assess the expected health (quantified as health-adjusted life years (HALY)) and economic outcomes of the intervention's impact on unhealthy food consumption. The potential costs of policy development and monitoring and revenue impacts on government and industry (outdoor advertising companies) were included in the modelled analysis. Western Australia. Greater Perth population. The cost of implementing the policy was estimated at A$28 million (95 % uncertainty intervals (UI): $23, $35), 71 % borne by the government and the remaining by outdoor advertisers. A mean population weight reduction of 0·58 kg (95 % UI: 0·28, 0·90) was estimated, which translated to 5906 health-adjusted life years gained (95 % UI: 2750, 9084) with a monetary value of A$1374 million (95 % UI: $642, $2112). Eight percent of the monetised benefits were attributed to healthcare cost savings, while 92 % were associated with monetised health gains. The intervention was estimated to generate a net-present value of $1346 million (95 % UI: $614, $2082) and benefit-cost ratio of 50 (95 % UI: 23, 81). Policy to restrict advertising of unhealthy foods on WA transport-owned assets is likely to represent excellent value for money.

To assess changes in (1) Na content of processed foods in the Canadian food supply and (2) the proportion of products meeting Health Canada's voluntary Na reduction targets (SRT) between 2010 and 2020. This repeated, cross-sectional study used foods from the 2010 (n 6929), 2013 (n 9366), 2017 (n 10 324) and 2020 (n 15 797) collections of the University of Toronto's Food Label Information and Price database, categorised into Health Canada's Na categories. Quantile regression was used to assess changes in Na content. Firth's bias-reduced logistic regression was used to evaluate changes in the proportion of foods meeting the SRT, and trends were assessed with Cochran-Armitage tests. Canada. Processed foods. Between 2010 and 2020, 54 % (7/13) of major categories had a left shift (reduction) in their Na distribution, 15 % (2/13) had a right shift (increase), 15 % (2/13) had both a left and right shift and 15 % (2/13) did not change. The proportion of products meeting the average targets and maximum levels increased 6 % and 4 % from 2010 to 2013 and 4 % and 3 % from 2013 to 2017, then decreased 3 % and 1 % between 2017 and 2020, with trends for improvement over time (P-trend < 0·001). Although many categories decreased in Na, some did not change or increased in Na and improvements in the proportion of products meeting the SRT were modest and occurred early on. Further actions, such as implementing accountability initiatives that promote industry adherence to voluntary SRT or introducing mandatory measures, alongside frequent and transparent monitoring are needed to reduce Na in processed foods in Canada.

This study aimed to determine the prevalence of Lebanese adults living with underweight, overweight or obesity, assess and compare the cost of the Mediterranean Diet (MD) with that of the current dietary consumption pattern and explore diet cost as a determinant of living with underweight, overweight or obesity. Data for this nationally representative cross-sectional study were collected through sociodemographic questionnaires, anthropometric measurements, the Arab Family Food Security Scale and dietary assessments using a validated FFQ and 24-h recalls. Diet costs were calculated based on 2023 market prices using purchasing power parity. Logistic regression was used to assess associations with BMI. Lebanon, using data representative of the Lebanese adults' population. 444 Lebanese residents aged 18-64 years. Overall, 66·2 % of the participants were living with underweight (4·3 %), overweight (37·8 %) or obesity (24·1 %). On average, the cost of following MD ranged from Intl.$ 23·36 to Intl.$ 26·49/person/d, whereas a Lebanese adult spent Intl.$ 20·46 on consumption. Only 31·1 % of participants spent an amount equal to or greater than the minimum MD cost (Intl. $23·36/d). Participants who meet or exceed this threshold were 1·59 times more likely to be living with a healthy weight (aOR = 1·59, p = 0·043). The high prevalence of Lebanese adults living with underweight, overweight or obesity is compounded by the unaffordability of a healthy MD. Improving the affordability of nutritious foods is crucial to promoting healthier dietary patterns and achieving better weight outcomes. Public health strategies should include economic, behavioural and policy-level interventions to enhance diet quality and affordability in crisis-affected populations.