Purpose: This investigation aims to identify the successful use of nudging theory to enhance sustainable development goals (SDGs) in Qatar, with emphasis on energy sustainability, the transformation of public policy, and effective community participation. The research examines how the findings of nudging strategies can be applied to Qatar’s policy landscape to solve sustainability issues. Design/Methods: Using an interpretivist epistemology, the study adopts a qualitative research approach with a subjectivist ontology. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 12 participants who work in or are affiliated with government and/or academic institutions, and their interviews addressed their understanding of the theory behind nudging and the policies that incorporate it. Subsequently, thematic analysis was carried out throughout and within the different sections of the studies as we searched for patterns that relate to the objectives of this study through the MAXQDA. Findings: The findings show that the theory of nudge has a strong impact on the sustainable development policies of Qatar. Some themes are the integration of ecological nudging techniques, psychological factors in policy implementation, and the transformation of public policy systems. When asked about the key enablers for delivering nudges, the respondents identified leadership, community involvement, promotion of knowledge regarding nudging, and leveraging technology. However, the following shortcomings were reported by the respondents: lack of funds, inadequate knowledge, and resistance to change. Limitations: Several limitations surround the study, including the fact that it was qualitative research work done on a small sample frame. Research in the future may involve the use of quantitative research designs to determine the effectiveness of the nudging strategies over time. Implications: Public authorities must incorporate interventions of sustainability into policies, and exploiting nudge techniques can help them to develop efficient, cost-oriented, and culturally tailored programs. The study reveals the necessity of partnerships between the government and other agencies, the private sector, and communities to address sustainability issues.

Introduction: Nowadays, many cardiac surgery teams are adopting the goal-directed perfusion (GDP) strategy in their practice to maintain optimal perfusion during cardiac surgeries and improve patient outcomes. Furthermore, it plays an indispensable role as a quality control tool to monitor both perfusionists’ practice and equipment (in addition to disposables used in the surgery. Objectives: To identify the role and the elements of GDP that facilitate better surgical outcomes. In addition, to compare between GDP and the traditional conventional perfusion strategy (CP) in terms of perfusion adequacy and surgical outcomes. Finally, to recognize challenges that may prevent the effective application of GDP and finding possible applicable solutions. Methods: A systematic literature review was conducted from three different databases PubMed, SpringerLink, and ScienceDirect. The selected studies were in English from the USA and Europe with a time frame starting from 2005. Results: The findings highlight the crucial role of the GDP strategy in protecting and preserving end-organ function after on-bypass cardiac surgery procedures. Furthermore, a clear understanding of the GDP implementation component and criteria was obtained. Alternatively, a satisfactory GDP level can be achieved by the optimal utilization of available resources. Discussion: Dismantling the GDP strategy into practically recognized components to ease the implementation at different levels of perfusion practice. Conclusion: The GDP approach involves the intensive monitoring of respiratory-related parameters to enhance surgical outcomes. The process includes blood preservation, optimal flow and intraoperative parameters management. Monitoring is the key element of GDP, which can be applied by using the sophisticated technology or the proper use of existing resources to develop protocols within the international guidelines and recommendations. Achieving an optimal perfusion requires concerted efforts of organizational, safety, and practical measurements.

In the era of technological advancement, personalized learning trends are rising rapidly. Consequently, we are swiftly developing the traditional education scope, the social networking dimension, and its relationship with data acquisition. Notably, we live in a prospective learning ecosystem characterized by the demand of being cognitively flexible with a prolonged effect of the growth mindset. Social Media (SM) is becoming the new norm in students personal and academic lives. Surprisingly, SM consumption in the Middle East is critical, where 9 out of 10 Arab youths use at least one social media channel daily. This study explores the role of SM on thoughts and behaviors in students’ decision- making to select a university in Lebanon. The following questions were examined (1) what role does social media marketing play in Lebanese high school students’ decision-making when selecting a university to study? and (2) How do universities use social media marketing to attract new students’ enrolment? Little research was published to explore the challenging role of social media in higher educational institutions in Lebanon and how it influences the decision-making of students. Hence, this research is an exploratory study where qualitative methods were adopted to investigate the above two objectives, resulting in a proposed emerging framework.

Background: As a result of the rising costs of housing in Kuwait, several families find it increasingly challenging to purchase new homes. Typically, Kuwaitis carry out extensions of the existing housing spaces they possess, to accommodate their growing families. In the management and execution of house extension projects, construction planning and scheduling are complex albeit critical tasks. Building information modeling (BIM) and optimization techniques have become crucial tools for improving these two critical processes. Methods: This study aimed to integrate 4D BIM and multi- objective optimization using a genetic algorithm (MOGA) for construction planning and scheduling of a precast house extension. A case study was undertaken for a two-storey family house in Kuwait, which has been extended by two additional floors using the precast method. The extension of the house has its own foundation and support, with a design that adheres to Le Corbusier's five points of architecture. The Autodesk Revit software was used to generate a three-dimensional architectural model of the house extension. Results and Discussion: After running the MOGA based on the developed schedule, optimal results were obtained as a Pareto front with 70 combinations across workers' cost and construction time. The preferred schedule was selected and fed into Autodesk Navisworks to generate a 4D BIM model. Navisworks was used to simulate the house extension, accompanied by its scheduling information. Conclusion: The amalgamation of a multi-objective algorithm with 4D BIM may be employed to efficaciously plan and schedule building projects, allowing for quality decision-making.

As exploratory research, the actual paper makes an interview with ChatGPT, an artificial intelligence language model designed to understand and generate human-like responses to a wide range of questions and topics. This paper aims to understand the functionality and user engagement of ChatGPT. It concludes that ChatGPT is designed on a transformer-based language model based on deep learning architecture that uses unsupervised learning to generate human-like text. It has a large database and memory system to store previous user responses, and it uses machine learning algorithms and natural language processing techniques to understand user inputs and retrieve information from its database to generate responses. The interview ultimately led to the development of an innovative research paper on Artificial Intelligence Dissociative Identity Disorder (AIDIS). This study: suggests the possibility of AI-based systems developing multiple identities or personas due to their exposure to different types of data and training, explores the potential implications and challenges of such a disorder, including ethical concerns, and the need for new regulations and policies in the field of AI.

Background: Influenza is the most common communicable disease in the State of Qatar. The objective of this study was to describe the occurrence of seasonal influenza and influenza vaccine uptake, as well as to analyze whether influenza vaccine efficacy during the 2018/2019 season was met. Primary Health Care Corporation (PHCC) plays an important role in influenza disease surveillance and annual influenza vaccine administration in the country. Therefore, specific data available from this organization would reflect on the surveillance standards in place. However, data on influenza disease burden and vaccination coverage for the season was limited. Methods: A cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted on the retrospective data of influenza-like illness (ILI) cases confirmed during the 2018/2019 influenza season by PHCC and the number of people who received the annual influenza vaccine in PHCC during the same season. Results: ILI and influenza data: A total of 998 ILI cases were considered for this study. Laboratory testing was carried out among 88.5% of the cases. Type A and B infection contributed to 63.4% and 36.4% of the influenza cases, respectively. Furthermore, 87% (n=415) of the total influenza cases were not vaccinated with the season’s influenza vaccine, and 69% (n=18) of the total vaccinated ILI cases (n=26) tested negative for influenza. Influenza vaccine campaign data: Overall, 42,476 individuals were vaccinated with the annual influenza vaccine in PHCC for the 2018/2019 season. Influenza vaccine was administered to 52.3% of people with any one risk factor (mostly chronic diseases) for severe disease due to influenza. Conclusions: The findings of this study on influenza seasonality and etiology were similar to that on previous seasons in the region. Recommendations focused on accurate and elaborate data collection and future research on the factors facilitating influenza vaccine uptake and vaccine effectiveness.

الملخص شهدت قطر نمواً اقتصادياً سريعاً في العقود الأخيرة، ووجهت استثمارات هائلة نحو قطاع التعليم بهدف تحسين النتائج التعليمية. وتطمح رؤية قطر الوطنية 2030 لتشجيع التعلم مدى الحياة؛ ومن العوامل المساعدة على ذلك تعزيز ثقافة القراءة. وتهدف الدراسة التي بين أيدينا إلى تقييم أحد البرامج التي سعت نحو تمكين هذا التغيير والوسائل المستخدمة في هذا الصدد، لتقدم بهذا شاهداً ودليلاً من دولة لم تحظَ بالدراسة الكافية في ظل ما تشهده من تحول سريع. ويظهر من هذا الدليل وجود تحسّن كبير لدى غالبية الأطفال المشاركين في البرنامج في موقفهم من القراءة وسلوكياتهم في هذا الشأن دون ملاحظة أي فوارق على أساس الجنس. كما تُظهر النتائج بالنظر إلى ما كان عليه الحال قبل المشاركة في البرنامج أن غالبية الأطفال المشاركين يقضون وقتاً أطول في القراءة، وأن غالبية الآباء يقضون كذلك وقتاً أكبر في القراءة لأطفالهم. ومع ذلك فإن هذه التغييرات الإيجابية لا نجدها بالضرورة لدى كل الأطفال أو الآباء. كذلك وجدنا مجموعة من العقبات الرئيسية التي تقف حائلاً دون التغيير، منها ما يتعلق بقيود زمنية أو تحديات تتصل بالتكنولوجيا، فضلاً عن بعض الصعوبات الفردية. وبناءً على تقييم دراسة الحالة هذه، نقدّم عدداً من التوصيات لتحسين أنشطة البرنامج، خاصة فيما يتعلق بالعقبات وبهدف التوسع في نطاق البرنامج ومستوى شموله.

In this keynote address, Professor Paul Crawford introduces the distinctive fields of medical and health humanities, and the way that the arts and humanities can bring new capacities and possibilities for healthcare, health and wellbeing. He will discuss terminology and concepts of the medicalization of the illness experience and the rise of more critical, creative and democratising approaches. He will underline the substantial evidence for how the arts and humanities can improve medical outcomes and increase understanding of the public/patient experience of illness. In so doing, he addresses the potential for what he has called ‘creative public health’ that fully addresses the use of social and cultural assets to enhance the health of nations. In particular, he will provide insight into how this can be mobilised in practice through reference to major programs of research. First, he presents an overview of a major project to support and critically address the value of social and cultural assets for the public and a more medicalized initiative to provide patients with a social rather than pharmaceutical prescription. Second, he describes an innovative creative approach to ‘mutual recovery’ that seeks to enhance well-being within and between practitioners, family carers and patients as part of a whole community/ organisation approach to health. Third, he presents findings from his highly successful ‘What’s Up With Everyone’ research-embedded campaign to advance young people’s mental health literacy in association with Academy-award winning Aardman (Shaun the Sheep, Wallace & Gromit, etc). Finally, he discusses: a. the potential for creative industries to work more closely with governments and health organisations as part of a ‘shadow health service’, complementing centralised health services through the extensive resources of the creative arts; b. the importance of advancing creative clinical environments in a STEM-dominated healthcare culture.

Aim: To determine the relationship between effective communication and the Quality of Life (QoL) of cancer patients through conducting a Meta-analysis (MA) to quantify and summarize the evidence and present the results of our local findings in the National Center for Cancer Care & Research (NCCCR) of HMC in Qatar. Methods: MA was conducted via searching four online databases including PubMed, Medline, EMBASE and Psych info electronic and grey literature database, ProQuest dissertations. The MA encompassed published cross-sectional, longitudinal studies and a postgraduate PhD dissertation, that investigated the communication among cancer patients on one hand, and health care professionals (HCPs) and health caregivers (HCGs), and their impact in the QoL, on the other hand. Out of 20,796 hits, 204 full-text articles were assessed for eligibility. The final eligible studies were 19 articles that satisfied the inclusion criteria (18 published papers and one PhD dissertation). The quality of encompassed studies was calculated according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) guidelines. Comprehensive (CMA) software version 2 was used to perform the MA. The pooled effect size was calculated using the random effect and ANOVAs were performed for moderation analyses for categorical moderators and meta regression analysis for continuous moderators. In addition, publications bias analysis was also performed. The Cochrane software “Review Manager v5.3” was employed to examine the quality of the included studies. Patient perception of physician’s communication skills was compared with the perception of physicians using the American Board of Internal Medicine (ABIM) communication assessment tool and QoL of cancer patients was assessed via FACTG questionnaire. Correlation coefficients of perception of patients were carried out using positive correlation analysis via SPSS V.26. Results: Communication had a significant positive impact on the QoL of cancer patients and a significant association and moderation was observed for the mental component summary (MCS). Furthermore, a significant positive impact of involving Health Caregivers (HCGs) in communication on the QoL of cancer patients was also found. Covariate analysis indicated a true variation in effect sizes between studies and confirmed the existence of inconsistencies among different studies due to the diverse definitions and assessment tools used to measure the outcomes. The heterogeneity assessment offered explanation where possible to the consistencies and diversities between studies. Clinical and design heterogeneities were observed and reported. Our local pilot study in Qatar suggested a significant positive correlation between QoL and patients perception of physicians’ communication skills, r = 0.222, P=0.3. Moreover, our pilot study suggests a significant discrepancy between the patients perceptions & HCP perceptions, of the different communication skills set (Interpersonal, Content, Total Communication Skills). The patients reporting a lower perception 57% vs 86% total communication skills p=0.0028, 58% vs 88% for IP communication skills p=0.0003, and 55% vs 84% for content communication skills p=0.0042. Conclusion: This MA covered a gap that existed in the literature among published systematic reviews and meta-analyses. It confirmed a significant correlation between communication and QoL of cancer patients irrespective of cancer type, age group, culture, gender, prognosis, or year of study. These results were global, transcontinental, and transcultural. It clearly highlighted the significant need to communicate with cancer patients and how much its benefits improve their QoL, as well as medical services. The results can be used to inform policy makers and health practitioners. Future Interventions should take into account these results to improve the communication between health practitioners and cancer patients and the involvement of families in the communication process. The health care system should consider communication as a vital component of providing a holistic patient and family centered care. The umbrella of QoL, provides a clear picture about patients and their families’ conditions and dictates that their communication needs are addressed as part of a standard of care. Furthermore, communication with its wide list of components should undergo a crucial level of studying, researching, critiquing and standardization, so that patients’ right to access a high standard of care is guaranteed across all health care systems. Our local results in Qatar resonate with this MA and raise the attention needed to clinical communication practice.