Boron neutron capture therapy (BNCT) is a targeted radiotherapy technique that enables dual targeting at the physico-biological level. Efficient neutron sources and specific boron carriers are essential for successful treatment. By exploiting the 10B(n,α)7Li nuclear reaction, the BNCT enables precise eradication of 10B-loaded tumor malignant cells while sparing adjacent healthy tissues, rendering it particularly advantageous for treating invasive or radioresistant recurrent tumors. Numerous clinical trials related to BNCT have focus on evaluating the safety and efficacy of treating glioblastoma, head and neck carcinoma, meningioma, malignant melanoma, and liver cancer. Preliminary studies have shown that BNCT treatment may extend the overall survival (OS) and improve the quality of life for patients with these cancers. Additionally, the scope of BNCT clinical trials has expanded to other tumor types, such as lung cancer, breast cancer, extramammary Paget’s disease, osteosarcoma, clear cell sarcoma, malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor, angiosarcoma, thyroid cancer, recurrent chordoma, and gastrointestinal malignancies. This review provides a comprehensive overview of BNCT clinical trials, covering the therapeutic principles of BNCT and the current status and outcomes of clinical trials for various types of tumors. With advancements in neutron beam quality and the development of efficient, specific boron carriers, the therapeutic efficacy of BNCT is expected to be further enhanced, and its scope of application is anticipated to expand. Looking ahead, the BNCT is expected to be integrated with other tumor treatment modalities to augment local tumor control, thereby improving patients’ OS and quality of life.

driven by the reconstruction of the global industrial chain and the upgrading of consumer demand, the household appliances industry is shifting from scale competition to value competition, and the top management ability of enterprises has become a key variable to determine the core competitiveness and sustainable development of enterprises. This paper innovatively introduces Addie theory into the field of top-level management capability evaluation, constructs the whole process research framework of "analysis design development implementation evaluation", divides the maturity level of top-level management capability with capability maturity model (CBM), and establishes a multi-dimensional evaluation index system with analytic hierarchy process (AHP). Five benchmarking enterprises in the household appliances industry, including Midea Group, Haier Zhijia, Gree Electric appliances, Hisense video and SUPOR, are selected as the research objects. Through multi channel data collection and empirical analysis, the maturity level of senior management ability of each enterprise is systematically evaluated. The results show that the high-level management ability of benchmarking enterprises in the household appliances industry shows the characteristics of gradient distribution, and strategic management and innovation and development ability are the core dimensions affecting the maturity of enterprises. The evaluation system constructed in this paper provides a theoretical basis and practical tools for the quantitative evaluation, short board identification and continuous optimization of senior management capabilities of household appliances industry and manufacturing enterprises.

Emerging evidence has demonstrated that a previously defined dark genome might encode short peptides that bind human leukocyte antigen as noncanonical antigens to activate immunity. Systematic discovery and functional characterization of noncanonical neoantigens will promote the understanding of the human genome and offer profound insights into cancer immunotherapy. The continuous development of experimental and artificial intelligence techniques and the explosive growth of multimodal omics data have provided unprecedented opportunities and challenges for the identification of noncanonical neoantigens. In this review, we summarize our current understanding of various mechanisms that potentially generate noncanonical neoantigens and highlight the critical roles of previously unannotated peptides derived from noncoding regions in cancer biology. Moreover, we discuss recent technological advances and various types of artificial-intelligence-driven methods for identifying noncanonical neoantigens. Furthermore, we discuss the potential use of neoantigens derived from noncoding regions as therapeutic targets, shedding light on the function of the dark genome.

The 5-HT1A receptor is a critical target in the treatment of depression and anxiety. Bufotenine derivatives, such as 5-methoxy-N,N-dimethyltryptamine (5-MeO-DMT), 5-hydroxy-N,N-dimethyltryptamine (5-OH-DMT), and 5-hydroxy-N,N,N-dimethyltryptamine—derived from traditional Chinese medicine—have shown antidepressant potential. However, the structural basis of their interaction with 5-HT1A and their pharmacological profiles remain incompletely understood. This study investigated bufotenine derivatives acting on multiple serotonin receptors, highlighting 5-HT1A as a key mediator of antidepressant effects while recognizing 5-HT2A as primarily responsible for hallucinogenic outcomes, to identify candidates with therapeutic efficacy but reduced hallucinogenic liability. We determined the cryo-electron microscopy structures of 5-HT1A bound to selected bufotenine derivatives. Functional assays in mice, including behavioral tests and receptor activation studies, were used to evaluate the antidepressant of each compound. Structural analysis revealed that all bufotenine derivatives engage conserved motifs within the 5-HT1A binding pocket, with 5-OH-DMT displaying a distinct interaction pattern. Behavioral assays showed that 5-OH-DMT and 5-MeO-DMT retained strong antidepressant and anxiolytic effects. These pharmacological differences correlate with their unique receptor binding conformation. This study delineated the structural pharmacology of bufotenine derivatives at the 5-HT1A receptor, identifying 5-OH-DMT and 5-MeO-DMT as promising antidepressant and anxiolytic candidates. The findings establish a molecular framework for the development of next-generation nonhallucinogenic therapeutics aimed at 5-HT1A.

The drive for complementary transistors with ultra-steep subthreshold swing (SS) and minimal power consumption has intensified interest in integrating low-dimensional semiconductors with wide-bandgap materials, as silicon scaling approaches its physical limits in the post-Moore era. A central bottleneck, however, lies in dielectric/semiconductor interface engineering: existing strategies based on van der Waals transfer or nonnative dielectric deposition compromise interface quality, wafer-scale uniformity, and process compatibility, preventing practical large-scale integration. Here, we demonstrate a previously unexplored in situ oxidation strategy that directly forms a high-κ gallium oxide (GaOx) dielectric on heavily doped n-type gallium nitride (GaN) substrates, enabling high-performance, energy-efficient complementary inverters based on n-type molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) and p-type carbon nanotube transistors. Leveraging the excellent dielectric properties of the GaN/GaOx heterostructure, MoS2 field-effect transistors achieve an interface trap density of 1.18 × 1011 cm−2 eV−1, an SS at the thermionic limit of 60 mV dec−1, an on/off ratio above 108 at 0.87 V, and a voltage gain of 134.5 at 2 V for inverters. These results establish GaN/GaOx as a native, scalable, and complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor-compatible integration platform, offering a transformative route toward wafer-scale, low-power electronics in the post-Moore era.

Early mammalian embryos undergo crucial cell divisions despite lacking fully functional centrosomes, presenting a paradox of how mitotic fidelity is maintained. This commentary discusses a seminal study by Hernandez et al. that overturns the microtubule-centric model of early embryonic mitosis by revealing 2 essential, complementary F-actin networks. First, a formin-dependent nuclear F-actin network, cross-linked by anillin, positions prophase chromosomes and then drives their centripetal congregation upon nuclear envelope breakdown via a novel depolymerization-based contraction mechanism. Second, a branched, Arp2/3-dependent peri-spindle actin shell acts as a physical brake to restrain spindle elongation. Using advanced live imaging and targeted perturbations in mouse and human embryos, the study demonstrates that these actin assemblies collectively ensure accurate chromosome segregation by compensating for weak centrosomal activity. These findings redefine the mechanical landscape of early embryonic cell division, with profound implications for understanding the origins of aneuploidy and advancing reproductive medicine.

As terahertz (THz) science and technology continue to advance, THz biophysics and chemistry have emerged as a pivotal interface, linking molecular-scale insights with transformative innovations in biological, physical, and chemical sciences. This review elucidates the fundamental mechanisms underlying THz–matter interactions, emphasizing the relationship between THz wave physics and molecular motions. We highlight molecular-level effects of THz radiation on water, ion channels, DNA, and proteins, and summarize its biological impacts spanning molecular, cellular, and neurological scales. These mechanistic insights underpin diverse applications, including the control of water transport and molecular dynamics, diagnostics, neurobiology, and emerging therapeutic strategies. Furthermore, we examine advanced methods for detection and characterization in THz biophysics and chemistry, including THz spectroscopy, imaging, and sensing, which bridge fundamental principles with practical implementations, positioning THz technology as a versatile platform for probing and manipulating complex biological and chemical systems. By integrating these recent advances, this review aims to catalyze further research in this rapidly evolving field.

The study of Azerbaijani anthroponyms helps us understand the rich history and cultural heritage of the Azerbaijani people. Most anthroponyms are formed from commonly used words in language. The ways of forming anthroponyms, reflecting ancient Azerbaijani personal names, are identical to other lexical units in the language. Three ways of word formation – lexical, morphological, and syntactic – are also manifested in the formation of anthroponyms. This article examines the ways of forming compound anthroponyms.

Innovations are pedagogical novelties whose application leads to high-quality outcomes in their respective fields. At the same time, each pedagogical innovation distinguishes itself through its productivity within the relevant field and stands out with its content, which possesses a coherent structure. The renewal of the pedagogical system, influenced by the applied innovations, gives rise to relevant and contemporary ideas. In essence, innovation refers to the changes that occur within the educational system. Throughout human history, the development of society has always taken place on the basis of innovations. The study of global experience is considered a key factor in the successful implementtation of innovations in education. The massive development observed worldwide over the past 25 years is the result of the rapid creation and application of such information. Innovations are developing and being applied so rapidly that they are giving way to artificial intelligence.

The article examines the concepts of multiculturalism and national-cultural identity within the framework of contemporary humanities research. Particular attention is paid to the formation of multiculturalism theory in the United States, the evolution of the assimilationist “melting pot” model, and the transition toward approaches emphasizing cultural diversity and coexistence. The study analyzes the impact of globalization, migration processes, and intercultural interaction on the transformation of national and cultural identity. Theoretical perspectives of E. Erikson, M.Castells, J.Habermas, S.Huntington, and other scholars are discussed from philosophical, sociological, and psychological viewpoints. The article concludes that the preservation and development of national-cultural identity constitute one of the key prerequisites for social stability and cultural sustainability in the globalized world.