Devices, sensors, and physical items are all part of what is known as the Internet of Things (IoT) embedded with technology that allows them to gather, exchange, and act upon information without human intervention. Security in IoT is essential to secure sensitive information, safeguard interconnected networks and devices from cyberattacks, and ensure the trustworthiness and reliability of IoT environment, thereby alleviating risks of privacy breaches, potential physical harm, and financial losses. IoT security includes authentication, encryption, access control, and intrusion detection measures to alleviate security attacks and protect against potential vulnerabilities. One efficient method of addressing security concerns in an Internet of Things (IoT) setting is to implement a system for intrusion detection (IDS), which employs ML and DL approaches to fortify protections. Therefore, this study introduces a new Spring Search Algorithm based on Feature Selection with Optimal Machine Learning Empowered Intrusion Detection (SSAFS-OMLID) in IoT framework. The projected SSAFS-OMLID model intends to detect the occurrence and recognition of intrusions in the IoT framework. Data pre-processing is the first step in preparing the data for analysis. After the data has been pre-processed, the SSAFS model is employed to pick features. Then, hop field neural network (HNN) classifier is exploited for the intrusion detection in the network. Finally, Sooty Tern Optimization Algorithm (STOA) is utilized to effectually adjust the parameters included in the HNN performance. In order to prove that the SSAFS-OMLID method is the best, researchers conducted extensive experiments, and the results showed that the method is very efficient according to several criteria.

This comparative study examines the representation of indigenous resistance against imperial and neo-colonial forces in two significant literary works: Ranendra's "The Lord of the Global Village" and Howard Fast's "The Last Frontier." Through a critical analysis of narrative strategies, thematic concerns, and the portrayal of Adivasi and Native American struggles, this paper explores how both texts function as instruments of decolonization, challenging dominant historical narratives and asserting indigenous agency. The study investigates the convergence of anti-imperial resistance across different geographical and temporal contexts, demonstrating how literature becomes a site of counter-hegemonic discourse. By examining the socio-political conditions that precipitate indigenous uprisings, the cultural dimensions of resistance, and the role of literature in preserving subaltern histories, this research contributes to ongoing scholarly conversations about postcolonial literature, indigenous studies, and the decolonization of knowledge production.

The agricultural supply chain is a complex network prone to inefficiencies, leading to significant food waste and economic losses. Artificial Intelligence (AI) offers a transformative solution to optimize agricultural supply chains, reducing waste and improving efficiency. This paper explores AI applications in agricultural supply chains, focusing on predictive analytics, route optimization, supply chain visibility, and quality control. AI-powered predictive models forecast demand, detect anomalies, and optimize production planning, reducing food waste by up to 50%. AI-driven route optimization reduces fuel consumption, emissions, and transit times. Real-time tracking and monitoring systems provide visibility, enabling quick response to issues. AI-powered quality control detects defects, monitors quality, and predicts spoilage, ensuring safer food products. Case studies demonstrate AI's potential in optimizing inventory management, irrigation, and supply chain logistics. The paper discusses challenges, future directions, and regulatory frameworks necessary for AI adoption in agriculture, highlighting AI's critical role in ensuring sustainable and efficient agricultural supply chains.

प्राचीन काळापासनू मराठी सावहत्य आवण पयागिरण यांचेएक ऋणानबुंध असेनातेअसल्यानेसावहत्यात िक्षृ ांची वनर्ा कशी राखायची, िक्षृ संिधगनाचेमहत्त्ि याचेबरेचसेउल्लेख पहाियास वमळतात त्यामुळेच मराठी सावहत्यातनू पिूीपासनूच वनसर्ागचेवकंबहुना पयागिरण संिधगनाचेिणगन करण्यात आलेआह.ेत्यात मख्ुयतः कर्था, कविता, कादबं री, लवलत लेखन यांचा समािेश होती. तसेंच मराठी सावहत्याच्या समकालीन प्रिाहात ग्रामीण सावहत्य, दवलत सावहत्य, सीिादी सावहत्य, विज्ञान सावहत्य, आवदिासी सावहत्य, िनिादी सावहत्य यांचाही समािेश होतो. परंतुत्यातही मराठी कविता ही पयागिरण, पररसंस्र्था, नैसवर्गक सौंदयग आवण पयागिरण शास्त्र याने अवधक नटलेली आह.ेपयागिरण रक्षणासाठी संपणूगिर्ामध्येअनेक प्रकारच्या चळिळी, चचागसत्े, कायगशाळा, पररषदा आयोवित के ल्या िातात., प्राचीन काळापासनू मराठी सावहत्यात पयागिरण ि वनसर्ागिर बरेचसेलेखन झालेआह.ेपयागिरणातील प्रत्येक र्टक हा मनष्ुयाच्या िीिनाशी एकरूप झालेला आह.े

The commerce sector is a critical component of the global economy, driving growth, employment, and innovation. However, the rapid evolution of technology and trade has created a complex symbiotic relationship between technology, trade, and humanity, posing significant challenges to sustainable development. This paper examines the symbiotic relationship between technology, trade, and humanity in the commerce sector, highlighting the benefits and challenges of their interdependence. We investigate how technology has transformed commerce, while also posing risks to human well-being and the environment. Through a mixed-methods approach, combining quantitative data analysis and qualitative case studies, we identify key drivers of this symbiosis and propose strategies for building a responsible future. Our findings suggest that a balanced approach, prioritizing humancentric development, sustainable trade practices, and responsible technology governance, is essential for achieving the United Nations' Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) in the commerce sector. Specifically, our results show that technology adoption has increased commerce growth, but also poses risks to human well-being and the environment. We propose a framework for policymakers, businesses, and individuals to harness the benefits of this symbiotic system while mitigating its negative impacts. This study contributes to the literature on technology, trade, and sustainability, offering insights for achieving sustainable development in the commerce sector.

Small businesses are essential to the growth of the Indian economy. SSIs are the foundation of the Indian economy because of this. The opportunities and difficulties faced by small businesses in India are the main focus of this study. These companies play a crucial role in reducing poverty, increasing incomes, and creating jobs, but they also encounter certain barriers that limit their potential to grow. The aim of the research is to identify and assess these barriers, look at possibilities, and provide a roadmap for SSI's success. to funding, advertising, sales, technology adoption, a shortage of qualified workers, adherence to regulations, and insufficient infrastructure. Although the government has implemented many steps to support MSMEs in India, such as the Udyam Registration Portal, favorable regulations for MSME financing, financial help, tax benefits, and subsidies, obtaining credit and funding remains a challenging task. Developing a strong credit history and utilizing government initiatives and subsidies are two strategies that can improve MSMEs' access. To summarize, MSMEs may overcome their challenges and seize opportunities to compete and grow in the market with government support

Artificial intelligence has transformed decision making processes among societies. It raises an impact on democracy. AI is mainly used in administration, regulation of law and order, social help, and policy making, in all these decisions were taken by people. Hence, transfer of decision-making power occurs from people to systems with certain accountability. AI provides efficiency, consistency, and information-based governance. They provide challenges to democratic values, viz., accountability, equality, participation, and people supervision. Simultaneously, AI supports democracy by improving policy study and boosting public service performance. This paper argues that the relationship between AI and democracy is neither harmful nor beneficial. However, democratic consequences depend on how decision-making power is made, regulated, and controlled. For implementing AI-based decision-making along with principles of democratic life, it is necessary to ensure ethical standards, transparency, and meaningful human oversight

The rapid advancement in artificial intelligence (AI) and automation technologies has shaped the structure and the meaning of work across the world. Though technological progress has historically contributed to productivity and economic growth, it also poses significant challenges to employment stability, skill relevance, and human dignity. This paper examines how artificial intelligence and automation technologies are reshaping jobs, transforming them from a steady source of income to a dynamic process highly influenced by technology, flexibility, and uncertainty. Using a conceptual and analytical approach, this study explores the dual impact of AI. On the other hand, it is eliminating repeated jobs and on the other hand it is transforming jobs that are technical in nature. The paper further discusses the ethical concerns surrounding these technologies consisting of algorithmic decision-making, workforce exclusion, and inequality in access to reskilling opportunities. It argues that the future of work must be a human-centric approach that balances technological efficiency with dignity, inclusion, and meaningful employment.

Working women today play an important role in earning income and managing household finances. Their investment decisions are influenced by how much they know about financial matters, how confident they feel while handling money, and how much financial risk they are willing to take. This study examines the relationship between financial literacy, financial confidence, and risk tolerance among working women. Financial literacy refers to basic knowledge of savings, investments, interest rates, inflation, insurance, and financial planning. Financial confidence means trusting one’s ability to make correct financial decisions. Risk tolerance is the level of financial risk a person is ready to accept while investing. Understanding these factors is important because they affect how women manage and invest their money. The study is based on primary data collected from working women using a structured questionnaire. The findings show that women with higher financial literacy have greater confidence in managing their finances. As confidence increases, women become more willing to take calculated financial risks. Financially knowledgeable women are also more likely to invest in a variety of financial products instead of depending only on low-risk and low-return options. The study concludes that improving financial literacy among working women can increase their confidence and risk-taking ability. Financial education programs can help women make better investment decisions and achieve long-term financial security.