This paper addresses a significant research gap by focusing on the impact of green Human Resource Management (HRM) practices on employees' organizational citizenship behavior in the context of the health industry, particularly within an emerging economy like Pakistan. Despite the increasing recognition of the importance of environmental sustainability and corporate social responsibility, there has been a notable dearth of research in this specific domain, especially in regions like Pakistan, which are often overlooked in the existing literature. To bridge this gap, our study employs the well-established Ability, Motivation, and Opportunity (AMO) framework as the theoretical foundation. We aim to investigate both the direct and interactive effects of green HRM practices, including reward systems, training initiatives, employee involvement, and performance management, on employees' organizational citizenship behavior for the environment. To substantiate our hypotheses and gain insights into their managerial implications, we conducted an empirical study employing a comprehensive questionnaire survey methodology. Through rigorous analysis, we utilized a regression model as an econometric technique to validate our research framework. The findings of our study are illuminating. We provide robust evidence of the direct and interactive impacts of these four key GHRM practices on employees' organizational citizenship behavior with a particular focus on their environmental engagement. Notably, our results highlight that green training emerges as a pivotal instrument in fostering employees' voluntary environmental actions. The practical implications of our research are noteworthy. By showcasing the effectiveness of GHRM practices in shaping employees' voluntary behavior, our study offers valuable insights for the development of future policies and practices in organizations. Moreover, our research underscores the broader societal relevance of GHRM practices in contributing to sustainable development, emphasizing their role in influencing employees' organizational citizenship behavior for the environment.

In the wake of achieving Sustainable Development Goals, this study sets to investigate the allocation of development expenditures as government policy intervention and its role in the uplifting the social condition in districts of Punjab. The constriction of a comprehensive social development is indexed using principal factor analysis. This study considered panel data for 36 districts of Punjab ranging from 2008 to 2017. Estimates from the panel Random Effect model advocated that the rise in the development expenditures by the Government of Punjab follows U shape relationship with the social condition of the province. This quadratic model helps to estimate district-wise effects of government development intervention on social development and its components via which resource mobilization optimization can be done.

Purpose: The purpose of the study was to identify the causal relationship between Pakistani SMEs' imports, exports, domestic deposits, and GDP in the small manufacturing sector over 2007-Q1 to 2020-Q4.
 Design/Methodology/Approach: Granger causality is a revolutionary and cutting-edge econometric technique that was presented by Toda and Yamamoto (1995). This technique enabled us to identify various kinds of observations, all of which are discussed in detail in the concluding part of the article.
 Findings: Four-causal relationship among the variables which revealed the empirical results. (i) fluctuations in exports values, total imports values and deposit in domestic currency may cause the changes in GDP of small manufacturing sector in Pakistan (ii) fluctuations in GDP of small manufacturing and deposits in domestic currency may cause the changes in total exports value in SME sector in Pakistan while changes in total imports value do not make the cause of changes in total exports value in Pakistan SME sector (iii) fluctuations in GDP of small manufacturing and total exports value may cause the changes in total imports value in SME sector in Pakistan while changes in deposit in domestic currency do not make the cause of changes in total imports value in SME sector in Pakistan and (iv) fluctuations in GDP of small manufacturing, total exports value, and total import values does not make the cause of changes in deposit in domestic currency in SME sector in Pakistan.
 Implications/Originality/Value: Using secondary data and an estimation method to take into account new factors, the study also makes a big contribution to the ongoing research on SMEs in Pakistan.

This study analyzes the effect of gross domestic product, inflation, and natural resource rent on foreign direct investment in the Netherland. Our analysis employs the Autoregressive distributed lag model from 1980 to 2018. The empirical results show that gross domestic product and natural resource rent positively affected foreign direct investment while inflation negatively affected both the short and long run. This study recommends that government officials and policymakers formulate policies to promote foreign direct investment for the development of the economy of the Netherland.
 

This article aims to determine the factors that explain the attractiveness of foreign direct investment (FDI) at the level of the six countries of the Economic and Monetary Community of Central Africa (CEMAC), over the period 1985-2019. Using the fixed effects panel model, the results of this research indicate that gross domestic product per capita, human capital, domestic credit provided to the private sector by banks and gross national expenditure explain the attractiveness of FDI. Moreover, by using the ordinary least squares (OLS) model to analyze the determinants of the attractiveness of FDI by country, the econometric results show differentiated effects.

This research focuses on observing the effects of renewable and fossil fuel energy usage on the environment and economic growth in Southeast Asian countries. The study utilized the annual data of southeast Asian countries from 1990 to 2020 This study used gross fixed capital formation, foreign direct investment, renewable energy, population, non-renewable energy, and Labor force on fundaments of economic growth concerning sustainability. Fixed Effect, Radom Effect, and a two-step GMM methodology were used to estimate the link among the variables. The consequences of the study demonstrate that renewable energy intake has a destructive and statistically significant influence the dependent variable: CO2 emission whereas fossil energy has a noteworthy and positive influence on CO2 emissions. Foreign direct investment and population have a significantly positive influence on CO2 emission. While non-renewable and Renewable-energy intake has a momentous optimistic bearing on the economic progress of nominated ASEAN states along through labor force and capital formation. The universal energy needs depend on finite nonrenewable energy sources in the form of natural gas, oil, and coal which are exhaustible and hazardous to the environment. So, the need for hours is that the governments should escalate the use of renewable energy in their energy mix to increase the economy’s growth and environmental sustainability.

This paper aims to investigate the impact of sustainable practices especially sustainable production and sustainable supplier management on supply chain performance. This empirical study demonstrates the contextual examination of sustainable practices especially with reference to an emerging economy like Pakistan. Survey was employed to collect data from 100 Food Manufacturing Firms. Exploratory Factor Analysis and Structure Equation Modeling were used through AMOS to test hypothesis. The results reveal that sustainable production and sustainable supplier management both significantly impact triple bottom line. However, sustainable production generates stronger impact on social performance, while, sustainable supplier management significantly effects environmental performance. Additionally, the findings provide valuable insights regarding the use of sustainable production and sustainable supplier management and their impact on supply chain performance. Finally, it propagates utility of ecological value chain management mentioning the impact of couple of sustainable practices on tipple bottom line.

The primary objective of study is to know the influence of behavioral factors on investor’s investment decision and investment performance. Four behavioral factors as herding, prospect factors and market factors are used in this study and financial literacy as a moderating variable among the behavioral factors and investment decision. We use the questionnaire to collect primary data from individual investors actually trading in Pakistan Stock Exchange. For data analysis, we utilize AMOS software and Hayes Process tool in two stages. The findings reveal that behavioral factors positively influence investment decision and investment performance. But there is no moderating role of financial literacy. In addition to these, individual investors and security organizations can ultimately take advantage from the results of this research as a guide for their analysis and forecasting of security market trends in order to maximize the outcome and to improve their investment efficiency. Further, study recommended investigation of all investor types and in all financial markets including the behaviors of institutional investors along with behavioral financial factors; we should consider some economic factors that could have an impact on investors' decisions.

The current study investigates the relationship among trade openness, poverty and income inequality in the developing economies classified as lower and middle income countries. Kao and Fisher cointegration tests are employed to see the long-run equilibrium relationship among the variables. Panel cointegration regression is employed to calculate the magnitude of variables through FMOLS and DOLS techniques. The results demonstrate that interaction of these three variables differ for income groups of countries, however, trade openness and poverty increase income inequality in both groups. Similarly, income inequality decreases trade openness in both lower income and middle income groups of the economies. Trade openness increases poverty in lower income countries only. Poverty increases income inequality in lower income countries but in middle income countries it decreases trade openness. In the control variables the financial development has shown encouraging effect on trade openness in lower and middle income countries. GDP growth has shown positive impact on income inequality in lower income countries but negative impact in middle income countries. As trade openness has discoursing effect so the economies should carefully deal with the implications through proper policy framework.

This study analyses the impact of natural resource rent on financial development to test the resource curse hypothesis in Saudi Arabia on quarterly data span from 1985Q1 to 2017Q4. We employ two novel methodologies at same time such as nonlinear autoregressive model (NARDL) and Wavelet-based quantile-on-quantile estimation to check the asymmetric behaviour of natural resource rent on financial development. The findings of NARDL confirm the nonlinear behaviour of natural resource rent with financial development. The results also show real GDP, gross capital formation and institutional quality affect financial development positively. The empirical results of Wavelet-based quantile-on-quantile estimation method also reveal the heterogeneous response of natural resource rent effect when decomposes into different quantiles that become positive to negative. The results further explain that the natural resource rent has a positive effect in short-run, but it exerts an adverse effect on financial development after attaining stability.