Phytophthora capsici is a significant pathogen that causes foot rot disease in black pepper, leading to considerable yield losses. Although chemical fungicides are effective, they pose environmental and health risks. Conversely, botanical fungicides derived from plants offer an eco-friendly alternative. However, their efficacy may be inferior to that of conventional chemical fungicides in certain applications. This paper evaluated the mode of action and efficacy of several botanical pesticides as alternatives for managing P. capsici infections in black pepper, emphasizing the potential of these biopesticides as sustainable disease management tools.

Resistant starch (RS) is a component of the starch fraction that is resistant to hydrolysis by gastric acid and hydrolysis by digestive enzymes in the small intestine, so it can reach the colon and be used as a source of prebiotics. Physical, chemical, and enzymatic modification technology and lactic acid bacteria (LAB) fermentation are the efforts used to increase RS and improve prebiotic properties in food ingredients. Physical modification is theoretically straightforward, but it consumes a lot of energy and has significant production costs. Chemical modification necessitates the employment of chemicals, which can lead to environmental issues due to strong acid waste, such as HCl. Enzymatic modification is ecologically favourable, although debranching pullulanase is scarce and costly. The combination of LAB fermentation with physical modification, such as autoclaving-cooling, can reduce energy consumption by lowering the number of autoclaving-cooling cycles while being ecologically benign and efficient in generating RS. RS holds significant promise for improving health outcomes, enhancing foods, and supporting sustainable food systems. However, challenges related to consumer awareness, regulatory approvals, food processing, and large-scale production need to be addressed to unlock their full potential. Continued research and development in this field, which is crucial in overcoming these barriers, should give us hope for the future of food technology. This review provides information and discusses in detail several physical, chemical, enzymatic, and fermentation modification technologies to increase RS and improve prebiotic properties in high-carbohydrate foods.

Feed is a crucial input for terrestrial animal and aquaculture production, but these sectors face the same feed availability and sustainability challenges. Despite their reputation as rice pests, causing economic loss in agriculture, golden apple snails could be used as an alternative animal feed. This study reviews the nutritional value, including bioactive compounds, constraints, and future utilization of golden apple snails as animal and aquaculture feed. An integrative literature review was conducted on data retrieved from publications available on Google Scholar, Scopus, PubMed, Web of Science, and official websites. The golden apple snail is rich in protein in their meat and calcium in the shell, representing 39.11 to 68.67% and 41.38% (dry matter basis), respectively. The inclusion of golden apple snails in the diet resulted in good growth performance in monogastric animals and fish due to their nutritive value. Golden apple snails may be available as feed resources, supplied from the wilds and heliciculture. The astaxanthin of the eggs of golden apple snails and chitosan derived from their shell are interesting due to their bioactivities, thereby opening new avenues for future research in functional feed additives.

Intumescence injury is a physiological disorder that occurs in various plants. Initially, this injury was observed in the field, and it has become a problem in greenhouse and plant factory cultivations in recent years. Many terms refer to this disorder, with intumescence and oedema as the main two that are still frequently used. Intumescence is characterized as hypertrophied and/or hyperplasia of epidermal cells, while oedema refers to a lesion caused by excess water accumulated in the plant tissues. Morphological characteristics of intumescence differ among plants. Environmental factors, such as light and humidity, mainly caused this problem, and recent reports associate intumescence with a calcium-related injury. In tomato plants, low ultraviolet combined with high humidity affected the cuticle layer, and the high humidity lowered the transpiration rate, decreasing the calcium uptake to the leaves. This combination leads to cell hypertrophy and intumescence injury. The severity of this disorder is different among cultivars within one species, and this phenomenon is highly genetically dependent. Some approaches are proposed to limit intumescence injury, which applies to the field or controlled environments. This review summarized the information regarding intumescence injury, as well as the future approaches regarding this study.

Moringa oleifera Lam. is a widely used plant in the Moringaceaea family. It thrives in tropical and subtropical regions and has a maturation period of four to five months. The cultivation of moringa is swiftly gaining popularity and has entered both formal and informal world economies due to its pharmacological and ethnomedicinal benefits. Moringa has been found to tolerate mild salinity (50mM NaCl) by preserving succulence and biomass distribution, but its growth is still significantly affected by high salinity. Crop production worldwide is highly affected by salinity, and with the increasing instability in weather patterns due to climate change, abiotic stress factors such as salinity are expected to increase due to rise in temperature. Saline stress induces physiological disturbances and impairs soil moisture capacity, resulting in water stress and reduced plant growth. With the unpredictability and expected rise in temperatures due to climate change; there is a need to find alternative strategies to adapt plants to stress factors. Several studies have shown that the application of Versicular Arbuscular Mycorrhiza (VAM) fungi plays a vital role in alleviating salt stress by enhancing nutrient absorption and promoting resistance to salinity. Vesicular Arbuscular Mycorrhizal is a fungus that can dissolve the phosphates found in abundance in the soil. They enhance plant growth and protect against stressors. The use of VAM fungi not only helps the plant adapt during stress but can influence the accumulation of phytochemicals, which are highly utilized in medicinal plants. The distribution and abundance of phytochemicals vary throughout the plant and are influenced by environmental factors. The present review discusses and analyses the impact of VAM on moringa development and productivity, as well as its potential in mitigating saline stress.

The relevance of this study is due to the fact that for the effective functioning of the enterprise in the current conditions of a dynamic and rapidly changing business environment in the long term, the requirement to develop new approaches to planning the enterprise's activities is highlighted. The purpose of the article is to analyse and identify trends in the development of agriculture. Basic research methods: analysis, regression analysis, method of forecasting, valuation method. Using the example of the cotton subcomplex, the price structure of raw cotton in the agro-industrial complex system is considered with the use of a paired regression analysis of price-forming factors. Based on the analysis, the reflection of the specific features of the agricultural sector in strategic planning is systematised. The problems of systematisation of the specific features of strategic planning in agricultural production have been investigated, a flowchart of a methodology for assessing the vertical content correspondence of strategies of different levels and problem areas of strategic planning has been drawn up, and a targeted scale was compiled for assessing the coefficient of the possibility of self-sufficiency growth in strategic planning. The features of agro-industrial production have been identified, which significantly impact the strategic planning process. The authors concluded that in order to solve the problematic trends in agricultural development, it is necessary to modernize agricultural production and the strategic planning process for agricultural development, which will reflect its development in the long term. The findings of this study can be used by specialised professionals for further study of the specifics of strategic planning in agricultural production, creating and adjusting of state target programs for the development of the agriculture industry.

Recently, metabolomics has grown rapidly in the fields of food and agriculture. Complex physiological changes after harvest prompted the development of a new metabolomic analytical method offering more profound insight into these changes. This review presents the feasibility of a metabolomics approach to elucidate physiological changes during ripening, senescence, and disorders. Additionally, we introduce metabolomics for the authentication of agricultural products. Confirmation of species, varieties, and geographical origin via metabolomics can be useful to tackle adulteration and certify quality.

A major environmental stressor for the poultry industry is heat stress, which results in substantial economic losses. Heat stress has recently garnered increasing public awareness and concern for its adverse effects on poultry welfare. Several physiological changes happen under heat stress, including oxidative stress, acid-base imbalance, and immunosuppression, leading to increased mortality and decreased feed efficiency, body weight, feed intake, and egg production. Reduced nutrient intake is a significant contributor to the reduction in growth performance in heat-stressed animals, perhaps because they consume less feed to reduce heat production. Hence, heat stress can be attenuated in poultry using several different strategies, each with varying degrees of effectiveness. Nanotechnology strategies have gained more attention and are found to reduce heat stress’s detrimental effects. Nanotechnology focuses on creating materials with nano-sized particles that have improved physical, chemical, and biological properties. Also, nanotechnology can be used in poultry production to improve the ability of birds to absorb nutrients and, in turn, increase growth performance, nutrient digestion, and productivity. Therefore, this review provides scientific evidence regarding the adverse effects of high ambient temperatures on poultry health and performance and potential nanoparticle approaches to mitigate those detrimental effects and their challenges.

The status of chocolate as functional food is still questionable for some other people as chocolate can also give some adverse effect due to its high fat and sugar content. To overcome this issue, some attempts have made by food scientist to produce chocolate with high potential health benefits and minimum adverse effects such as by fat reduction, sugar replacement and probiotic supplementation. Some of sugar replacer are providentially identified as prebiotic substances. This review, therefore, deeply discuss the potential use of probiotics and sugar replacer in chocolate. The health benefit as well as the effect on the consumer acceptance are also covered as chocolate reformulation may result in the alteration on the chocolate characteristic. Moreover, the regulation in chocolate manufacturing and functional food from different regulatory boards are covered in this review as the guidelines to answer challenges and opportunities in developing functional chocolate. This review also clearly shows a possible direction of designing probiotic chocolate in the future that has not been fully explored until to date.

As the demand for local products increases, there has been a call to promote sago starch (Metroxylon sagu Rottb.) at the regional level in Indonesia. In this study, we examine the current status of the sago supply chain and its role in promoting rural development. Our study reveals the weak bargaining position sago farmers have due to inefficiencies in the sago supply chain and lack of market information. Furthermore, we also point out the direction in which future actions should be taken as guidelines in order to achieve a high level of efficiency along the sago supply chain. In particular, we highlight farm production management, logistical systems, agronomy, and knowledge and information as key dimensions of sago supply chain in the context of rural development.