Introduction. When heating with high-frequency currents (HFCs) at high speeds, more significant strengthening effects can be observed compared to using machine generators. Therefore, hardening at high frequencies is more efficient. However, the increase in the generator frequency results in a decrease in the depth of penetration of eddy currents and an increased unevenness of heating across the cross-section. The application of a constant external magnetic field during HFC hardening can increase the depth of eddy current penetration and create more uniform heating. Unfortunately, there is not enough information available on the effect of the external magnetic field on HFC heating processes and phase transformations in steel. Currently, there are no quantitative estimates for the impact of an external magnetic field on changes in the kinetics of electric heating and the penetration depth of eddy currents. In connection with the above, the aim of this paper is to investigate changes in the kinetics of high-frequency heating of iron-carbon alloys when an external constant magnetic field is applied and, and, based on this, to consider the potential for technological applications. Materials and Methods. Theoretical assessment of the influence of an external magnetic field on the change in the kinetics of electric heating and the penetration depth of eddy currents is based on the general theory of induction heating kinetics. An experimental study of the influence of a magnetic field on the kinetics of high-frequency current heating was performed on samples of 45 steel, pearlitic gray (SCh30), and ferritic malleable cast iron (KCh30-6). The temperature distribution over the cross-section of ferromagnetic materials during induction heating with an external magnetic field has been studied using special samples of iron, 45 steel, and SCh30 gray pearlitic cast iron. Electric tempering processes have been investigated on samples of U8A steel using a vacuum tube generator (heating temperature — 450℃, heating rate — 750℃/s). Changes in austenite grain size after high-speed heating with external magnetization have been examined on samples of reduced-hardenability 55PP steel. To study the processes of thermal treatment in a magnetic field during experiments involving heating samples using high-frequency currents, a specially designed electromagnet was created to apply an external constant magnetic field. Results. Theoretical curves were constructed for heating conditions with and without an external constant magnetic field. Experimental data on the effect of an external constant magnetic field on induction heating in the surface layer of various materials were summarized in kinetic diagrams. Evidence that the observed changes were due to increased depth of penetration of eddy currents came from experiments on cylindrical samples of 45 steel with different wall thicknesses. Kinetic curves were provided for estimating the temperature field (at 6 points at different depths) during high-frequency current heating with and without external magnetization. The paper presents experimental data on the micro-hardness distribution across the cross-section of a U8 steel sample after quenching, quenching and electric tempering, quenching and electric tempering with external magnetization, and quenching and bulk tempering. It also includes the results of the study of the austenite grain size of 55PP steel after high-speed heating with external magnetization and conventional (slow) deep heating. Discussion. The application of a high-intensity external constant magnetic field during the first quasi-stationary process resulted in a decrease in the rate of induction heating of the ferromagnetic material and an increase in the depth of its uniform heating. However, above the Curie point, the effect of the magnetic field was negligible due to the low magnetic susceptibility of the material, and the heating rate remained unchanged as if there was no field present. In addition, due to the insignificant difference in the values of magnetic permeability below and above the Curie point during heating in the field, the thermal curve did not exhibit the characteristic inflection typical of kinetic curves observed during the transition of the surface layer to a paramagnetic state. Experiments with electric tempering have demonstrated that by applying an external field, it was possible to temper a material to the desired depth and it could be done on a single high-frequency current setup. The size of the austenite grains after high-speed heating with magnetization was reduced compared to conventional deep heating of steel with low hardenability, eliminating the issue of induction heating for low-hardenability steel. Conclusion. The results of the study demonstrated that the use of an external magnetic field enabled the achievement of strengthening effects during heating at higher frequencies, thereby eliminating the drawbacks of such heating methods.

Introduction. Modern materials require a deep understanding of their structure in order to predict their performance properties. However, the use of various imaging techniques and programs, such as optical and electron microscopy, is limited to two-dimensional images, making it difficult to fully analyze the morphology of materials. Despite research in this field, there is still a lack of knowledge about the three-dimensional organization of materials, leading to gaps in our understanding of how geometry affects the physical properties of composite materials. ImageJ was chosen for this study due to its versatility and ability to support multiple formats, simplifying the process of analysis. It also offers powerful tools for automated processing and allows users to extract three-dimensional information from two-dimensional images. This is crucial for accurately identifying structural components. The current study aims to fill in the missing information by analyzing the morphology of a steel ferrite-martensite composite. The aim of the work is to determine the 3D surface structure of the composite, which will improve understanding of its performance characteristics and confirm the significance of selecting appropriate visualization techniques.Materials and Methods. An image of the microstructure of a steel natural ferrite-martensitic composite (NFMC), obtained using a Metam PB–22 optical microscope, was chosen as the starting material for analysis. The microstructure in question consists of two phases: the light phase being ferrite and the dark phase being martensite. The ImageJ program, which has been adapted to various formats of electron microscopic and metallographic images, was used to obtain a wide range of geometric characteristics of the surface.Results. A study using ImageJ software on the microstructure of a steel ferrite-martensitic composite revealed a characteristic lineage structure consisting of a light phase (ferrite) and a dark phase (martensite). Image processing, including scaling and segmentation, led to the conversion to black and white format, allowing for clear visualization of the boundaries between the phases and the geometric shapes of the particles. The four-parameter Rodbard calibration function provided additional data on area, standard deviation, skewness, and kurtosis, making it difficult to analyze the structure. As a result, ferrite occupied 40.8% of the area, while martensite occupied 59.2%. The surface profile revealed an alternating pattern of misoriented crystals, and the quantitative information allowed for the creation of a clear 3D image of the composite surface.Discussion. The thickness of grain boundaries in pixels was found to be thinner in this graphic editor than in others, which affected the area and, consequently, the amount of light phase. The change in the quantitative ratio of ferrite-martensite phases was due to the program's ability to suppress image “noise” and more clearly read the unrecognized gray phase, with some of it belonging to the light phase and some to the dark phase.With the advancement of technology and the increasing demands for strength and wear resistance, understanding the microstructure of materials has become crucial for optimizing their properties. The selection of appropriate imaging techniques, such as the use of ImageJ software, not only allows for accurate data on phase distribution, but also contributes to a more in-depth analysis of mechanical properties such as hardness and corrosion resistance. These aspects are important in the context of the development of innovative technologies where reliability and durability are essential factors.Conclusion. The use of the ImageJ software package for visualization in 2D and 3D graphics and qualitative and quantitative analysis of the surface morphology of heterogeneous structural states of materials is a convenient, effective and informative way to obtain geometric characteristics of particles of structural components. It is also possible to map the shape and size of particles. Automation of this process leads to time and resource savings, minimizing the influence of subjective factors on results at different stages of analysis. Identification of the 3D surface structure of composites helps to deepen our understanding of their operational characteristics, which is crucial in the context of modern technological demands. This knowledge allows us to develop new materials with improved properties such as strength, wear and corrosion resistance. Furthermore, it enables us to predict how materials will perform in actual conditions.

Introduction . Environmental pollution with heavy metals is one of the most pressing environmental problems, as these substances can have a negative impact on ecosystems and living organisms. In particular, the accumulation of heavy metals in plants in urban ecosystems is an issue that has been widely studied, but many aspects of the problem remain unintelligible. For example, existing research does not always consider the influence of different environmental factors on metal sorption processes. This creates gaps in understanding the mechanisms of interaction between plants and pollutants. The current study aims to investigate the dependence of heavy metal sorption by the Scots pine ( Pinus sylvestris ) on the level of environmental pollution. The goal is to determine how metal accumulation indicators change depending on the growing conditions, allowing for a more accurate assessment of this plant's role in urban ecology. Materials and Methods . The research was conducted in the city of Chita in the Trans-Baikal Territory. Scots pine is a widespread species of pine in this region, therefore, the bark of the Scots pine, as well as soil samples from sites in Chita that were exposed to high levels of human activity served as the basis for the study. Selection of sites was based, among other factors, on complex air pollution index (API5) in Chita. After collecting samples, they were quartered, dried, and ground into a fine powder. Then, the bark and soil were heated in a muffle furnace at 600°C. The burnt soil and pine bark ash were analyzed using methods commonly used in wood chemistry, including a spectrometric analysis on a Shimadzu AA-6200 atomic absorption spectrometer. The acidity was determined by the potentiometric method in a chloride extract. For this purpose, a 1M KCl solution (pH = 6.0) was used, as well as standard buffer solutions (pH 4.01; 6.86; 9.18) for instrument calibration. Suspensions were prepared by adding 75 ml of extractant to 30 g of soil, stirring for one minute. The pH was then measured after the readings stabilized. In parallel, a control experiment was conducted without a soil sample. Results . Analysis of the data on seasonal changes in the ash and moisture content of Scots pine bark showed that they slightly increased in the summer and autumn months. During the study, we also obtained data on the distribution of heavy metals in the soil and bark of Scots pine depending on the season of the year. It was found that the highest levels of copper in the soil and bark of Scots pine were observed in Batareinaya Sopka, exceeding the maximum permissible concentration by 11 times, followed by Granitnaya Street, where the maximum permissible concentration was exceeded by 5 times. Zinc levels in the soil were high at three locations: Sosnovy Bor, Memory Park, and Batareinaya Sopka, exceeding the maximum permissible concentration by 1.77, 1.74 and 1.5 times, respectively. Lead levels were within the MPC at all seven locations. There were no seasonal changes in the content of heavy metals in the soil and bark. Thus, the study revealed the dependence of the content of heavy metals in the soil and bark of the Scots pine on the degree of anthropogenic load in the districts of Chita in the Trans-Baikal Territory. Discussion . The results of the study demonstrated the correlation between the concentration of heavy metals in soil and bark samples of Scots pine and the degree of anthropogenic load. Therefore, the Scots pine can be considered a valuable object for monitoring heavy metal pollution, as it combines high sensitivity to man-made effects, resistance to adverse conditions and long-term ability to accumulate toxic substances. The data obtained support the idea of including the Scots pine in environmental monitoring systems, particularly in areas with developed industrial and transportation infrastructure. Future research could focus on developing standardized methods for using pine in bioindication, as well as studying its phytoremediation potential in conditions of chronic pollution. Conclusion . The study expands our understanding of the mechanisms behind the migration and accumulation of heavy metals in urban ecosystems, especially in areas with a harsh continental climate. The findings can be used to improve urban planning, reduce the negative impact on public health, and develop sustainable strategies for areas with high levels of anthropogenic load.

Introduction. Every year in the Russian Federation, approximately five thousand fires occur at production facilities, causing damage estimated in billions of rubles. To reduce the number of fires and minimize damage, work is underway to improve the methodology for calculating the number and equipment of fire protection units created to extinguish fires and conduct emergency rescue operations in organizations. This methodology was approved by Order of the Ministry of Emergency Situations of Russia dated October 15, 2021 No. 700 (hereinafter referred to as the Methodology). In the scientific literature on the analysis of fire hazards in industrial facilities in various sectors of the economy, there is a lack of a comprehensive indicator for fire hazard assessment of enterprises, which would take into account their technical and economic characteristics and industry affiliation. The aim of this study is to develop a dimensionless computing system describing the state of fire hazard of industrial facilities, taking into account their characteristic features. The developed complex was used in the formation of approaches to substantiate the number and technical equipment of facility-based fire protection units.Materials and Methods. The analysis of statistical data on the number of fires, number of deaths and injuries, as well as the material damage caused by fires at production facilities in various economic sectors, was carried out using information from the Federal State Information System "Federal Database 'Fires'". To determine technical, economic and operational characteristics of enterprises with facility-based fire protection units, a survey was conducted using a questionnaire that collected information from 726 production facilities. Technical and economic characteristics of these facilities were studied, including: the area of land and buildings, number of employees, the mass of fire-hazardous, fire-explosive and explosive technological environments, the area of buildings and structures classified into certain categories of explosion and fire hazard, the number of fires at the enterprise, etc.Results. A dimensionless Uпо computing system has been developed that characterizes the fire hazard level of industrial facilities. The distribution of values of the Uпо complex for production facilities where fire protection units have been established has been constructed, and the parameters of the resulting distribution have been determined. The criteria for classifying a production facility according to its fire hazard level have been established. The values of the fire hazard indicator for economic sectors have been calculated. Ferrous metallurgy (Uпо = 0.77), mechanical engineering and metalworking (0.73), non-ferrous metallurgy (0.70), and fuel industry (0.68) fell into the category of high fire hazard. The paper provides an example of calculating the fire hazard level for an electric power company.Discussion. When determining the number and location of fire protection units, as well as the number of personnel and technical equipment, it is important to consider the level of fire risk at the production facility. An analysis of the distribution of values of the Uпо complex showed that it followed a normal distribution with an average value of m = 0.47 and a standard deviation of σ = 0.19. This meant that industries such as ferrous metallurgy and mechanical engineering had a higher level of fire risk compared to the electric power industry, which was classified as medium. The proposed method allows for an effective assessment of fire risk across different sectors of the economy.Conclusion. The results obtained were used to develop a new version of the Methodology for calculating the number and technical equipment of fire protection units, created to extinguish fires and carry out emergency rescue operations in organizations. This methodology was approved by Order No. 700 of the Ministry of Emergency Situations of Russia dated October 15, 2021. The use of the developed complex will allow for a more accurate consideration of the specific characteristics of the production facility when determining fire protection resources.

Introduction. Due to the increasing demand for lithium-ion batteries, it has become a pressing issue to find an environmentally friendly and safe way to dispose of old batteries. The life cycle of these batteries is shorter than that of the equipment they power, which leads to a growing amount of waste. This waste poses a serious problem for disposal and can have harmful effects on the environment. At the same time, recycling spent lithium-ion batteries offers a solution. By extracting valuable components we can return these components to the production process and create a closed-loop system. In this regard, the aim of this study is to investigate the methods of recycling lithium-ion batteries and to analyze the proposed method for their disposal, which involves extracting valuable components such as Li2CO3, while introducing the principles of a closed-loop economy into the production process.Materials and Methods. The methods of systematizing scientific literature on lithium-ion battery recycling were used. The “Mpr_Dipl” software was used to select the most promising method, which includes direct decision-making, paired comparison, and weighted sum methods. A technological process for lithium-ion batteries processing was developed using the COMPASS-3D software.Results. As a result of the analysis, the advantages and disadvantages of each lithium-ion recycling method were highlighted. A hydrochemical method was selected using the multi-criteria decision-making method. A five-stage process for lithium ion battery processing with lithium carbonate extraction was developed, including grinding, separation, filtration, precipitation, and wet Li2CO3 capture. The material balance for the developed method was calculated.Discussion and Conclusion. The developed recycling system ensures safe recycling of used lithium-ion batteries with minimal negative environmental impact and maximum recovery of valuable components. These results can be used to optimize the recycling process and maximize the extraction of valuable materials from spent lithium-ion batteries for further sale as lithium carbonate, thereby generating additional revenue

Introduction. The introduction of high-tech equipment and specialized software makes it possible to improve the quality of labor operations without attracting additional labor, which contributes to the rational use of time and resources. As a result of the implementation of this approach, the prevention of possible errors and delays caused by the human factor is achieved. By integrating digital technologies, it is possible not only to simplify management procedures, but also to reduce the level of occupational injuries and incidents by monitoring the compliance with the requirements for the use of personal protective equipment by personnel in real time. This work aims to reduce the level of occupational injuries by improving the micro-trauma prevention system and implementing integrated solutions for accounting for the issuance of personal protective equipment using software tools.Materials and Methods. The paper examined the existing methods and technologies for accounting and issuing personal protective equipment in order to determine their effectiveness and applicability, taking into account the industry characteristics of enterprises based on the requirements of the legislative and regulatory framework of the Russian Federation. A questionnaire was developed to assess the need to improve the personal protective equipment used among employees of a construction organization in the Belgorod region. The survey of employees was conducted in the form of a checklist, where it was necessary to note the shortcomings and inconsistencies of the occupational health management system (OHMS) in the field of issuing PPE.Results. The results of analyzing the completed questionnaires from the respondents who participated in the study suggested the importance of transitioning to a digital format for managing and issuing PPE in order to enhance the efficiency and effectiveness of providing employees with necessary personal protective equipment. The patent search conducted revealed the primary flaws in current methods and systems for distributing PPE, addressing which would enhance the reliability of the procedure for equipping personnel with protective equipment, indicating the significance of further research in this field. A model has been developed to improve the system for providing employees of construction companies with personal protective equipment by implementing the StroyKontrol+ software package to automate the accounting and issuance of these resources. This software solution integrated with the existing enterprise information systems and could be customized to meet the specific needs of an organization. The model included the use of monitoring tools to identify the need for replacing personal protective equipment and the creation of accounting documents to help increase safety and protect workers from harmful and dangerous industrial factors.Discussion and Conclusion. The introduction of the Stroykontrol+ software package has made it possible to reduce the level of micro-trauma among construction workers due to their improper use of PPE, lack of necessary PPE and insufficient knowledge on how to use these tools. In addition, the authors emphasize, it is necessary not only to record applications from employees for certain protective equipment or violations identified, but also to reduce the time response of responsible parties when it comes to replacing defective personal protective equipment.

Introduction. Improving methods for modeling and forecasting changes in the number of forest fires, as well as the frequency of thunderstorms that cause them, is a significant challenge for environmental safety, emergency preparedness, and climatology. This is particularly relevant for regions with a forest landscape, such as the KhantyMansi Autonomous Okrug (Yugra). Domestic and foreign researchers have found that variations in seasonal average air temperatures and solar activity are effective predictors for modeling these processes in many regions. However, the connections between these processes and these factors in Yugra remain understudied, hindering our ability to determine the usefulness of including them in predictive models. The aim of the study is to test the hypothesis that there are significant statistical relationships between changes in the frequency of thunderstorms, the number of forest fires in the territory of Yugra, and variations in average air temperatures near the surface of the atmosphere during the thunderstorm season. The study aims to investigate whether these relationships are significant and increasing during periods of climate warming, as well as to assess the impact of solar activity on these relationships. To achieve this goal, we have analyzed the significance of correlation between the changes in the frequency of thunderstorms over the territory of Ugra and synchronous variations in the number of forest fires occurring here, as well as synchronous and ahead of time variations in the average seasonal air temperatures and solar activity in the period of climate warming. Materials and Methods. The study used observational data on average daily air temperatures, dates of thunderstorms over representative hydrometeorological stations of the studied area, information on changes in average annual solar radiation with a wavelength of 10.7 cm, and information on forest fires and related emergencies in Yugra. The data were obtained from international and Russian climate data banks and systems, as well as official reports from relevant ministries and agencies. The method of assessing the strength of links between processes was multiple correlation analysis. The statistical significance of identified links was assessed using the Student's t-test.Results. As a result of the study, it was established that the hypothesis put forward was valid. There was the correlation between the changes in the frequency of thunderstorms and the number of forest fires in the territory of Yugra with variations in average air temperatures and solar activity during the thunderstorm season. This trend was significant and increasing. We proved that the correlation of interannual changes in the number of forest fires that occurred in the XXI century in the territory of Yugra per year with synchronous variations in the frequency of thunderstorms over it was significant and intensified. The conditions were identified under which statistical relationships between changes in the frequency of thunderstorms here, as well as variations in average monthly air temperatures and solar activity, were significant and are increasing now. Therefore, when these conditions were met, it was advisable to take into account the factors under consideration during modeling and forecasting of the process under study. Discussion and Conclusion. The results obtained fully confirm the existing ideas about the impact of climate change and solar activity on the frequency of thunderstorms in the atmosphere, as well as the features of current climate change in Western Siberia. These connections can be used to predict changes in thunderstorm frequency and forest fire risk, and these predictions should be taken into account when planning activities within the unified state emergency management system.

Introduction. The emergence of new vector-borne diseases necessitates the development of adequate medical regulations, prevention measures, rehabilitation programs, etc. Among all these measures, timeliness is the most crucial element, which cannot be achieved without reliable forecasting of the epidemic situation. In fact, the situation can deteriorate when two epidemics occur simultaneously, emphasizing the need for predicting the corresponding time intervals accurately. The aim of this study is to scientifically predict the periods when traditional influenza and COVID-19 epidemics may overlap. Materials and Methods. The scientific research was based on the analysis of statistical data, which was processed using Fourier decomposition and autoregression techniques to study and predict various processes. The original mathematical model of COVID-19 dynamics was adjusted with new statistical data. The resulting scale-time and random characteristics of COVID-19 within the model were compared with known parameters of traditional influenza. Results. It was established that the dynamics of the COVID-19 epidemic had a pronounced seasonal character with a frequency of three times a year. It was found that the method of forecasting COVID-19 incidence using Fourier decomposition was not reliable, but it allowed for a good description of the observed dynamics of the epidemic. Autoregressive analysis, on the other hand, was only suitable for short-term forecasting of coronavirus epidemics. The features of the two seasonal diseases, COVID-19 and influenza, have been compared, and the moments when their combined effects on a person would be particularly harmful have been predicted.Discussion and Conclusion. All methods of mathematical analysis have convincingly demonstrated that the frequency of COVID-19 outbreaks occurs three times per year, while influenza occurs annually. During times when the activities of both viruses (coronavirus and influenza) coincide, special attention should be paid and measures taken to reduce the risk of contracting a seasonal viral infection, including through regular vaccination.

Introduction. Failure of equipment, specifically pipes in the oilfield complex, due to the development of corrosion processes leads to numerous losses, destruction of expensive components, disruption of technological processes and, as a result, environmental damage. The use of anticorrosive coatings as an internal protection of oilfield pipes offers many advantages and can significantly reduce the rate of corrosion, but does not provide a complete solution to this problem. Destruction of internal anticorrosive polymer coatings (IACPC) occurs for numerous reasons. The causes and mechanisms of destruction are insufficiently investigated. Therefore, the aim of this work was to analyze the destruction of internal anticorrosive polymer coatings using practical examples, which made it possible to form and identify the main causes of damage and degradation of coatings during operation.Materials and Methods. A complex of laboratory studies was carried out to study the damage to internal polymer anticorrosive coatings during operation and to establish the main causes of destruction. The initial phase of the investigation involved a detailed examination of the materials related to the accident circumstances, including the operating conditions of the coated pipeline (composition of the operating medium, temperature, pressure, and presence of mechanical impurities), operation time, and type of polymeric material used. The second phase involved laboratory testing of the coating, which included the determination of layer thickness, dielectric continuity, adhesive strength (by the normal separation method), investigation of thermokinetic properties by means of differential scanning callometry (DSC), study of the coating structure using scanning electron microscopy.Results. Practical examples of the destruction of internal anticorrosive coatings of oilfield pipes were analyzed. For each case, characteristic signs of degradation of the anti-corrosive coating were identified. Changes in the microstructure of the coatings, as well as the formation of corrosion products, were observed depending on the type of destruction. The focus was on studying the degree of polymerization of the coating, both using the traditional method of determining the ΔTg parameter using DSC, and based on indirect signs detected during microscopic studies.Discussion and Conclusion. The practical cases of damage to the internal anticorrosion coating of pipes of the oil and gas complex considered in the article allowed us to divide the causes of destruction into three groups: operational, technological and defects during transportation, storage and construction and installation works. Based on these findings, we have formulated recommendations for manufacturers to ensure maximum performance from their coatings. It is noted that the compliance with the presented recommendations makes it possible to obtain internal anticorrosive polymer coatings with a minimum guaranteed lifespan of 15 years, as demonstrated by the successful operations of pipelines in Western Siberia, such as those operated by Surgutneftegaz PJSC and LUKOIL – Western Siberia LLC.

Introduction. The main disadvantage of traditional processes of diffusion surface hardening of steel products is its long duration. Therefore, the problem of intensification of such processes is relevant. To solve it, the use of high-energy effects on the material is proposed, which allows us to obtain a hardened surface layer from a coating composed of ferroalloy powders containing alloying elements. There is no data in the literature on the required content and dispersion of such powders in the composition of the coating. The aim of this study was to select the particle size of ferroalloys and their concentration in the coating to achieve the most effective hardening of the processed product.Materials and Methods. For experimental studies, cylindrical samples made of steel 20 with a diameter of 12 mm and a length of 35 mm were used. On the surface of these samples, an alloying coating containing ferroalloy powders and an electrically conductive gel as a binder was applied. After that, the samples were immersed vertically for half their length into a metal container, which was then filled with carbon powder with a particle size of 0.4–0.6 mm. Then an electric current of 2.5 to 3.0 A was passed in the circuit power source — container — carbon powder — sample. The duration of the process was 2–8 minutes.Results. The calculated estimation of the electrical conductivity of coal powder was performed, and the thermophysical parameters of microarc heating of steel were calculated. These include the power released by electric current on the surface of the steel product, the density of the heat flux, and the energy of a single microarc discharge. The expressions for calculating the particle size of ferroalloy powder were obtained, as well as the experimental dependencies of the diffusion layer thickness on the particle size of ferroalloys and their content in the coating.Discussion and Conclusion. The results of this study have allowed us to determine the size range of ferroalloys and their content in the coating. This information is essential for optimizing the alloying process and ensuring the most efficient surface hardening treatment for steel products. The data collected will be used to develop improved technological processes for the surface hardening process, leading to improved product quality and performance.