Water and soil pollution with arsenic and other heavy metals poses significant risks to public health and environmental sustainability.Traditional chemical analysis methods, while accurate, are time-consuming, invasive, and unsuitable for large-scale or real-time monitoring.Hyperspectral imaging (HSI) emerges as a promising non-invasive technique, capturing detailed spectral patterns useful for detecting heavy metal contamination.However, the high dimensionality of HSI data and complex spatial-spectral correlations challenge conventional machine learning approaches.This paper proposes a novel method using graph neural networks (GNNs) for precise identification of arsenic and heavy metal pollution.In this approach, hyperspectral image pixels serve as graph nodes, edges represent spatial and spectral similarities, and deep learning-extracted spectral features are classified via GNNs to model dependencies and enhance detection accuracy.

The proliferation of digital photography and social media platforms has amplified the demand for automated slideshow video generation from extensive image repositories.Conventional slideshow software, however, relies on templates and necessitates considerable manual intervention.This study introduces an AI-powered system for creating image slideshow videos, leveraging deep learning methodologies.The system autonomously filters out low-quality and duplicate images, employs Convolutional Neural Networks to extract visual features, generates image captions via vision-language models, and predicts the overall mood to recommend suitable music and transitions.Empirical findings derived from real-world photo albums demonstrate enhanced video coherence, diminished user workload, and greater user satisfaction when contrasted with traditional slideshow creation approaches.

Quantum-inspired image encodings offer compact visual representations, but their utility for lung histopathology is unclear.This study evaluates Amplitude, FRQI, NEQR, QBIP, and Hybrid-NEQR+RAE on lung carcinoma WSI patches, assessing reconstruction, perceptual stability, and classification.Amplitude achieves PSNR > 45 dB, Hybrid-NEQR+RAE 43 dB with stable sharpness, exposure, colour, and noise metrics.While NEQR and QBIP deliver the best diagnostic separation with macro-F1 49% and 47%,Hybrid-NEQR+RAE collapses to 22% F1 due to class bias.Confusion matrices confirm that high-fidelity hybrid reconstruction suppresses discriminative variance.The study highlights that medical diagnosis demands task-aware quantum encoding.

Metagenomics has revolutionised biotechnology by enabling direct sequencing of environmental DNA, overcoming culture-dependent limitations and revealing vast uncultured microbial diversity.Advances in next-generation sequencing and bioinformatics now allow comprehensive taxonomic and functional profiling, driving discoveries in novel enzymes, biosynthetic pathways, and microbial interactions.These insights support innovations in industrial bioprocessing, agriculture, environmental remediation, and human health.Integrated multi-omics and machine learning further enhance genome reconstruction, functional prediction, and synthetic biology applications, establishing metagenomics as a transformative platform for sustainable biotechnological advancements.

Indian fisheries are found to be woven around the mythology, culture, and social fabric in a specific and diversified area of geographies, with the great Himalayas being in the north to the Oceans in the peninsular half of the country.This paper examines the legal aspect of NFP 2020 and how it can revolutionise the marine fishery resource management practices in India.A human legal governance system based upon communities and ecosystems as well as intergenerational justice assists in establishing how the policy is a fundamental tool of environmental and social-ecological sustainability.The paper illustrates how legal systems should change the structuring of the system in response to the changing sustainable development issues in the marine environment.

India's climate-affected agriculture faces policy gaps that limit women farmers' access to climatesmart practices.This paper identifies the barriers which limit the accessibility of women farmers' to information and extension services, hindering the broader adoption of climate-smart agriculture.It reviews the agriculture and climate policies and attempts to introduce suggestions for designing gender-responsive policies to promote adoption of CSA practices.

The paper explores the social system, cultural and traditional art forms of the Santal tribes in India and their approach to ecological preservation and sustainable use of land, water and forest resources.The Santhals' mural art forms, like the Deowal Chitra and the use of musical instruments like the Banam reflect a spiritual connection to their land and surroundings and the seamless incorporation of natural elements in their cultural life.The paper reiterates the relevance of the Santhal community's contribution towards promoting sustainable living and community governance, which necessitates preserving these artistic traditions, farming practices, and a balanced approach to resource utilization.

Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) integration in the early childhood education is regarded as one of the most revolutionary methods of educating the rural areas of India on the basics.Despite some growth in digital infrastructure, rural schools and anganwadi centres are still characterized by the lack of a trained teacher, age-relevant learning materials, and a traditional approach of teaching.When used effectively, ICT will advance early literacy and numeracy, improve the level of engagement with learners, as well as help teachers with interactive and language-appropriate material.The review is a synthesis of ongoing policy and empirical research, where ICT has been indicated to be the most efficient when combined with play-based pedagogy, community involvement, ongoing teacher learning as well as long-term financial investment and policies that facilitate safe and inclusive digital ecosystems.

Parkinson's disease (PD) and Alzheimer's disease (AD) are major neurodegenerative disorders whose progression is influenced by gut microbiota, stress, and diet.This study evaluates the therapeutic effects of probiotics on cognition and neuroinflammation in AD and PD, and examines how microbiota-derived short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) modulate immune, endocrine, and neuronal pathways.Probiotics enhance barrier integrity, regulate neurotransmission, improve metabolic and inflammatory markers, and counter HPA-axis hyperactivation, while SCFAs further support neuroprotection by modulating microglia, gut hormones, and neurotransmitter synthesis.

Sustainability speaks loudly to the vision of a perfect planet, where human beings can live, as it predicts the complex interdependence between ecological stewardship, social equity and economic development.As one of the major constituents of the world population and territory, rural communities are central to a sustainable future.This review is a synthesis of modern strategies in the social-legal system and rural development, including theoretical frameworks, existing practices, global frameworks, governance innovations, and future research agendas, to develop road tracks towards the creation of the ideal planet through successful sustainability and rural resilience.