The article presents the results of a study of soil microbiocenosis in Transbaikalia. Sections have been laid on the terrain sections characteristic of the territories. The purpose of this study is to study the physico-chemical parameters, the distribution of groups of microorganisms, the determination of enzymatic activity, the carbon of microbial biomass and the decomposition of cellulose in the main genetic types of soils in Transbaikalia. The significance of the study is to obtain new data, which will reveal the direction and intensity of microbiological processes, as well as to assess their fertility. The study uses classical methods used in soil science and soil microbiology. The general characteristics of microbiocenosis of various types of soils in the studied region are revealed. The abundance of bacteria, actinomycetes, fungi, enzymatic activity, carbon of microbial biomass, and cellulose degradation were determined. The maximum number of bacteria in the soils was detected in the autumn period in gray forest unsalted soil, the indicator decreases in the following row: forest, arable land, virgin land. The lowest number of bacteria was found on chernozem. The maximum length of actinomycete mycelium was observed in gray forest soil (forest) in the autumn period. The maximum length of the fungal mycelium is also noted in autumn on gray forest non-saline soils (forest). Evaluation of catalase activity showed that the studied soils are poor or moderately enriched in this enzyme. The studied soils are characterized by high invertase activity. The maximum amount of C-biomass was recorded on chernozems of quasi-clay and permafrost meadow soils rich in humus and having good moisture. The greatest intensity of the cellulose decomposition process in soils varies due to environmental conditions. The new data obtained may provide insight into the stability of the microbiome in the studied soils of the region.

The article presents the research results obtained by studying the effect of the use of a method for the prevention of infertility and infertility of sows on the dynamics of increased fertility, nest weight and live weight of sows in the Don State Agrarian University in the village of Persianovsky Oktyabrsky district, Rostov region. The aim of the work was to study the effect of using a method for the prevention of infertility and infertility in sows on the dynamics of increased fertility, nest weight and live weight of sows. To achieve the goal, the following tasks were set: to determine the effect of using a new method for the prevention of infertility and infertility in sows on the dynamics of increasing large-scale piglet fertility; to study the effect of using a new method for the prevention of infertility and infertility on the live weight of sows. It was found that the use of a new method for the prevention of infertility and infertility in sows has a positive effect on multiple pregnancies, large fertility, nest weight of piglets and an increase in live weight of sows. The economic efficiency of using a new method for the prevention of infertility and infertility in sows, with the combined use of drugs "PC Probiolact", "Ent-Oil", "Ammivit", "Liquipane" amounted to 2.1 rubles per 1 ruble of costs.

The article presents the results of research to assess the survival risks of the anthrax pathogen in the soils of the Komi Republic. A multifactorial ranking of administrative‑territorial units (AT) was used to assess territorial differences and their relationship to soil conditions and the risks of anthrax outbreaks in reindeer herding areas. The results of studies of 101 soil samples from the territories of design surveys of industrial facilities located on the territory of the Vorkuta Municipal District in areas where anthrax was previously recorded, but the exact burial sites have not been established. The lack of information about the coordinates of cattle burial grounds makes it difficult to monitor their veterinary and sanitary condition, and their large number on the territory of reindeer pastures and the impossibility of their reliable sanitation and isolation pose the threat of new outbreaks of the disease if vaccination is stopped. To minimize risks, enhanced monitoring is needed, including remote sensing of the pasture area, GPS tracking of herds, monitoring of microbiological and physico-chemical properties of soils. The priority areas for such monitoring should be municipalities with the highest total risk (Vorkuta, Inta, Usinsk), where the melting of permafrost rocks and the structural features and properties of soils increase the likelihood of the pathogen actualization. It is recommended to adjust vaccination schedules taking into account the assessment of the survival risks of the anthrax pathogen in the soils of the Komi Republic. Interagency collaboration allows for the coordination of data collection, vaccination, and liquidation activities. The task of further research is to study the dynamics of the level of antibodies to anthrax in vaccinated deer during the vaccination period to optimize the timing of revaccination.

The purpose of the research is to determine the patterns of changes in irrigation standards and water consumption of vegetable crops from soil moisture. Scientific research was carried out on experimental plots and in lysimeters with vegetable crops. The elements of water balances, studied soil layers of experimental plots and lysimeters are shown in tabular form. It was found that precipitation (97,195 mm) that fell during the period of growth and development of table beet, in the research years 2010 – 2011, and a lack of air humidity (1018,694 mb) affect the amount of total water consumption (510, 444 mm) and irrigation standards (414, 318 mm); at the same time precipitation for table carrots was (195, 282, 174 mm) in 2011-2013, air humidity deficiency (825, 685, 591 mb), total water consumption (444, 350, 293 mm) and irrigation standards (292, 168, 220 mm); and for potatoes, precipitation amounted to (175, 183, 252 mm) in 2013-2015, a deficit in air humidity (473, 729, 481 mb), total water consumption (252, 340, 284 mm) and irrigation standards (184, 257, 143 mm). It is determined that a change in the amount of moisture in the root layer of the soil affects the level of its content in the elements of the water balance during the cultivation of vegetable crops. A graph of the effect of soil moisture content on the value of irrigation standards has been obtained. The closeness of the relationship between these parameters is equal to 0.949+0.091. A graph of the relationship between the effect of soil moisture content on water consumption is obtained. The closeness of these parameters is equivalent to 0.945+0.092.

In the context of modern animal husbandry technologies, one of the key factors limiting productivity and product quality is the impact of stress factors on cattle. Stress caused by climatic conditions, transportation, dietary changes and other factors leads to a decrease in feed consumption, a deterioration in immunity, a slowdown in weight gain and a deterioration in meat products, which negatively affects the competitiveness of beef in domestic and global markets. This article provides a comprehensive analysis of modern research on the use of new biologically active additives (dietary supplements) with anti-stress effect in beef production technology. The main mechanisms of action of such supplements are considered, including strengthening antioxidant protection, normalizing hormonal balance, supporting the immune system, improving the microbiota of the digestive tract and increasing the efficiency of nutrient metabolism. Special attention is paid to phytogenic components, essential oils, adaptogens, amino acids (for example, protected GABA), as well as organic trace elements and complex antioxidant mixtures. The article describes in detail the results of studies demonstrating a significant reduction in hormonal stress, an improvement in average daily gains, an increase in the immune status of animals and an improvement in the quality of meat products when using these additives. The factors influencing the effectiveness of their use are discussed, including the form of release, dosage, stage of development of animals and conditions of detention. Practical recommendations are given on the integration of anti-stress biologically active additives into the diet and technological processes of livestock enterprises, which makes it possible to increase the production efficiency and competitiveness of beef while complying with economic feasibility and safety requirements. The data obtained indicate the prospects of using anti-stress biologically active additives in a comprehensive strategy for managing the health and productivity of cattle, which opens up new opportunities for the innovative development of meat farming. The article will be useful to specialists in the field of animal husbandry, veterinary medicine, agricultural science, as well as practitioners interested in improving the quality and efficiency of beef production.

The balance of diets and the biological usefulness of protein nutrition can be judged by the balance and use of nitrogen. The authors found that the nitrogen balance of the cows was positive and high, which indicates sufficient protein nutrition of the animals, improved feed intake, and improved the digestibility of nutrients in the diet by increasing the productivity of animals that received silage prepared with the addition of sulfur biosilane. Therefore, the purpose of our work was to study the digestibility of nutrients in pig diets. The experiments were conducted in the period from 2022 to 2025. in the pig breeding complex of CJSC "Russian pork" in the Kamensky district of the Rostov region. The studies were conducted on two groups of analog animals with 30 heads each: group I included pigs obtained by crossing large white pigs with boars of the Landrace breed, and group II included pigs obtained by crossing pigs of the KBhL genotype with boars of the Duroc breed. The rations were adjusted monthly. The content of dry matter, ash, organic matter, fiber, crude fat, crude protein, calcium, phosphorus and carotene in feed, remains and feces was determined according to generally accepted methods (Lebedev P.T., Usovich A.T., 1969; Zhuravlev E.M., 1969, etc.). Thus, it was established that In terms of nutritional digestibility coefficients, three-breed hybrids outperform their two-breed peers. However, when piglets were fattened to a live weight of 110 kg, the coefficients of nutrient digestibility were higher than when fattening to 100 and 120 kg, which indicates a high intensity of their growth.

It is known that animals identified with the BoLA DRB3 gene resistance do not develop leukemia, but they can be virus carriers. The resistance of heterozygous individuals to the BoLA DRB3 gene has been proven. Currently, studies on the BoLA DRB3 gene are insufficient in the breeds of the Turano-Mongolian group, and practically no studies have been conducted in the Kalmyk breed. One of the unique qualities of the breed is considered to be its high resistance to infectious diseases, which is why research on the BoLA DRB3 gene in Kalmyk cattle is of particular interest. The polymorphism of the BoLA-DRB3 gene in 70 Kalmyk cattle was analyzed. The distribution pattern of BoLA-DRB3 alleles and genotypes associated with leukemia resistance in the study population has been determined. The diagram data on the frequency distribution of alleles of the BoLA DRB3 gene indicate a high frequency of the resistance allele *28, which is 0.120, so we can assume a high resistance to leukemia in the studied population of Kalmyk cattle. Analysis of the polymorphism of the BoLA-DRB3 gene in the Kalmyk population (n=70) revealed a high frequency of the resistance allele *28 (0.120). Alleles *8, *16, *24 are sensitive to leukemia in this group of animals (0.199). There are differences in the proportion of genotypes, so the proportion of "leukemia resistance genotypes" is higher than the proportion of "leukemia sensitivity genotypes". The frequency of leukemia resistance alleles is high, equal to 0.171. Thus, the research results revealed a high level of heterozygous individuals of Kalmyk animals, which has a positive effect on the hereditary predisposition of the Kalmyk population.

This article presents a scientifically grounded approach to automating the description of beer sensory profiles using modern Natural Language Processing (NLP) methods and the analysis of sensory data obtained from professional tastings. In the context of the growing digitalization of production and marketing processes in the brewing industry, there is an increasing demand for standardized, objective, and reproducible methods for capturing and presenting organoleptic product characteristics. The development of such methods is relevant both for large-scale breweries and small craft beer producers striving for consistent quality and accurate communication of product features to consumers. The aim of this study is to develop an intelligent system based on neural network architectures, in particular the Bidirectional Encoder Representations from Transformers (BERT) model, capable of automatically processing unstructured tasting texts and transforming them into structured descriptions that meet professional standards. The use of pre-trained language models enables the efficient extraction of descriptors, classification of flavor and aroma characteristics, and the generation of textual product profiles suitable for both internal quality control and external marketing purposes. The research details the stages of dataset collection, preprocessing, annotation of key features, formalization of sensory categories, selection of optimal model parameters, and evaluation metrics for text generation quality (such as BLEU, ROUGE, etc.). The tested prototypes demonstrated a high degree of alignment between generated descriptions and expert evaluations, confirmed through both manual and automated assessment. The proposed system can be integrated into corporate information platforms, including ERP and CRM systems used by brewing companies, and applied in scientific or research projects related to the qualitative evaluation of food products. The results confirm the effectiveness of NLP and artificial intelligence technologies in sensory analysis tasks and highlight the prospects for the further application of such approaches in related sectors of the food industry.

The article presents the results of studies on the comparative effectiveness of complex treatment regimens for acute pancreatitis in cats. Diseases of the digestive system are often found in veterinary practice. Diseases of the digestive system include diseases of the pancreas. The pancreas is a complex gland of external and internal secretion; it produces pancreatic juice, which plays a significant role in the process of digestion and metabolism. To date, the issues of pathogenesis and diagnosis have not been fully resolved, and there is no consensus on the treatment of acute pancreatitis, especially acute edematous form with the subsequent development of pancreatic necrosis. Many authors recommend that if acute pancreatitis is suspected, play it safe and immediately begin intensive treatment, since in case of a diagnostic error it will not hurt, and delay in prescribing therapy will not save the patient's life. The main objective of conservative treatment, which should begin as early as possible at all stages of managing small pets with acute pancreatitis, is to have a multifaceted effect on the pathological process in the pancreas and on the body as a whole. On the basis of the veterinary clinic of LLC "Irbis" (Novocherkassk) a study of modern methods of diagnosis and treatment of pancreatitis in cats was conducted. Based on the research results, it was found that the scheme using the drugs "Maropital" and "Myrtacene" and "Mexidol-Vet" in combination with other drugs and supportive therapy measures was therapeutically more effective than the scheme used at the enterprise and allowed to reduce the recovery time of the animals. The developed scheme of complex therapy contributed to the improvement of the clinical status, optimization of hematological and biochemical parameters, normalization of body functions, although it was less economically effective.Therefore, it can be argued that in the pharmacotherapy of acute pancreatitis in cats, the use of antiemetics of central and peripheral origin, providing visceral analgesia, as well as means to stimulate appetite, is of great importance. Adequate infusion therapy plays an important role in the treatment.

The article examines the current trends in the application of digital technologies and machine learning systems in the field of food quality control. Special attention is paid to the analysis of computer vision, spectroscopic methods, the Internet of Things and predictive analytics, which together make it possible to improve the accuracy, efficiency and reliability of food quality assessment. Current examples of the use of machine learning in sorting fruits and vegetables, detecting defects in grain crops, analyzing dairy and meat products, as well as in predicting shelf life and optimizing storage conditions are considered. Based on a review of domestic and foreign studies, it is shown that the introduction of digital technologies helps to reduce dependence on the subjective factor, reduce production costs and increase the competitiveness of enterprises. The relevance of the topic is due to the need to ensure food safety, improve the efficiency of quality control processes and product compliance with international standards. The paper also analyzes the main barriers to the introduction of new technologies, including the high cost of equipment, the lack of qualified specialists and the need for scalable solutions. The presented results suggest that the integration of digital technologies and machine learning is a promising area for the development of the food industry, opening up new opportunities for ensuring food safety and quality both in Russia and abroad.