Since ancient times, naftalan oil has been used to treat human diseases. Medieval travelers documented this practice in their writings. Research into the oil's physical and chemical properties began in the early 20th century with Russian scientists and continued with the scientific school founded by academician Y. H. Mammadaliyev. This research continues today. Since 1932, medicinal naftalan oil has been used in sanatoriums. Every year, thousands of people from around the world visit the resort town of Naftalan Oil in hopes of finding a cure. Azerbaijani scientists intend to conduct more in-depth research to raise the global profile of this oil and to produce medical and cosmetic products with it under the Azerbaijani brand. To this end, on September 28, 2024, the President of the Republic of Azerbaijan signed a decree titled «Additional Measures to Increase the Role of Naftalan Oil in the Development of Health Tourism». This paper provides an overview of naftalan oil research from the beginning of the 20th century to the present. It analyzes the most significant results obtained and prospects for further research. Keywords: therapeutic city of Naftalan oil; medical and cosmetic products; “White Naftalan oil”; essential oils of medicinal plants; skin diseases; rheumatic diseases; antimicrobial properties.

This study investigates the impact of magnetic fields on the electrokinetic properties of reservoir fluids and fluid discharge behavior under varying pressure conditions. A custom experimental setup was developed, comprising a high-pressure column, PVT bomb, electromagnet and multiple measurement and control devices, to simulate reservoir conditions accurately. The study systematically examined the influence of magnetic field intensities ranging from 31831 to 119366 A/m on voltage, resistance and water discharge across pressure variations between 1.6 and 14.4 atm. The results demonstrate that magnetic fields positively influence fluid behavior, significantly enhancing ion mobility and fluid conductivity. This enhancement leads to increased water discharge and stabilized fluid flow, particularly under high-pressure conditions. Notably, an optimal magnetic field intensity of 99472 A/m was identified, yielding the most favorable effects on reducing resistance, stabilizing voltage and increasing discharged water volume. At this intensity, the resistance of the system decreased significantly and the discharged water volume peaked at approximately 75 m³ around 8- 9 atm, highlighting the field's role in facilitating fluid movement through porous media. Beyond this intensity, a diminishing return effect was observed, indicating a potential saturation point in the magnetic field's influence on fluid properties. These findings provide valuable insights into the role of magnetic fields in optimizing fluid transport in porous media, offering potential advancements for enhanced oil recovery techniques. The study underscores the transformative potential of magnetic fields in improving fluid mobility and recovery efficiency in oil reservoirs, paving the way for further exploration and application of this technology in the oil and gas industry. Keywords: magnetic fields; electrokinetics; discharged water volume; pressure effects; fluid mobility; porous media; flow resistance; magnetic field intensity; oil recovery.

The startup process of high-speed centrifugal pumps (impeller speeds >3000 RPM) exhibits pronounced nonlinear characteristics, presenting significant challenges for achieving rapid and stable transient operation. To address limitations in conventional control strategies – including substantial speed overshoot, sluggish convergence, poor stability, and pronounced chattering observed in traditional proportional-integral-derivative (PID) controllers and sliding mode controllers (SMC) – this study proposes a novel fuzzy sliding mode controller (FSMC) incorporating an optimized reaching law. First, a rigorous nonlinear mathematical model integrating motor-pump dynamics was established for the startup phase. A pioneering sliding mode reaching law was designed using a nonlinear power combination function and a hyperbolic tangent function, with Lyapunov stability analysis formally verifying asymptotic convergence. Subsequently, a fuzzy inference system dynamically adjusted the reaching law coefficients in real-time, optimizing transient performance while suppressing chattering. Comprehensive simulations were conducted in Simulink/MATLAB using parameters from a Q5H26 high-speed centrifugal pump system. Comparative results demonstrate that the proposed FSMC achieves a 70.6% reduction in speed overshoot versus PID and eliminates overshoot entirely compared to conventional SMC. The controller attains rapid dynamic response during startup, converging to steady-state operation (733 rad/s) within 0.25 seconds with negligible overshoot. Furthermore, it exhibits exceptional chattering attenuation and maintains robust disturbance rejection, limiting speed deviation to 1.3% under a 10N step load disturbance—outperforming PID, SMC, and improved SMC (ISMC) alternatives. These advancements validate the FSMC’s efficacy in enhancing control precision, response speed, and operational resilience for high-speed centrifugal pump startups. Keywords: high-speed centrifugal pump; startup process; fuzzy control; novel approaching law.

It is well known that Portland cement has long been used in the construction of oil and gas wells. In this case, cementing slurries based on Portland cement are placed in the annular space, and after setting, they provide long-term isolation of the formations for subsequent operation. Therefore, the cementing process and the quality of these operations are of significant importance. To minimize of complications due to circulation loss, effective lightweight additives, including microspheres and microsilica, are widely used. However, when using microspheres, they may float when the water-cement ratio increases, and the resulting slurries exhibit high water yield. Microsilica in the cement slurry reduces water yield and does not float, but it thickens the slurry. The aim of this work is to develop lightweight cementing slurries for moderate temperatures with the rational use of the aforementioned additives. The authors of this article have developed a composition of lightweight cementing slurries for various climatic conditions using these additives. It has been specifically demonstrated that by adding 10% microspheres and 10% microsilica, effective lightweight cementing slurries can be obtained, where the various properties of the additives produce a positive outcome. The addition of 0.1% anhydrous sodium silicate to the cement slurry further improves the primary technological parameters of the slurry and, in general, the cement stone. Based on the conducted studies, an increase in the compressive strength of the cement stone to 7.04 MPa with a water-cement ratio of 0.7 was observed. Keywords: cement; microsphere; microsilica; lightweight; slurry.

The work is devoted to the quantitative and qualitative assessment of the significance of the processes of identification of deposits in the context of the need for operational development of residual oil reserves.To solve the problems of effective strategic planning for the rational use of oil companies' assets based on the use of the analogy method, a methodology has been proposed for creating algorithms and techniques for differentiating, grouping and identifying objects in conditions of uncertainty at various stages of field development. Using the example of objects in the Volga-Ural region, the dependence of the percentage of correctly grouped objects on the stage of exploitation of deposits was established using discriminant analysis. An example of identification using the tectonicstratigraphic association of objects is presented. 41 groups were identified in the conditions of the eastern part of the Volga-Ural oil and gas province. As a result of deep differentiation, the objects are divided into 133 groups, each of which is characterized by the peculiarities of the geological structure and the influence of the geological and physical characteristics of productive strata and the physico-chemical parameters of the fluids saturating them. Based on the results obtained, it is proposed to take a differentiated approach to the development of each selected group, which will allow taking into account the peculiarities of the influence of parameters. The presented methodology can be implemented not only within large oil and gas provinces, but also within smaller oil and gas regions and facilities developed by specific subsurface users. Keywords: differentiation and grouping of objects; rational use of resources; tectonic and stratigraphic proximity; method of analogies; oil and gas provinces.

In countries striving for high industrial development, scientific and economic growth should be carried out mutually. Enterprises and organizations achieve better results by applying high-quality, newer, and more efficient technologies and equipment in production. In modern times, the innovation system is developing at a rapid pace. Innovation refers to the correct and efficient application of technological and scientific advancements in the economy. Another significant factor contributing to the relevance of this issue is the importance of effective innovation management in creating competitive advantages, economic growth, employment opportunities, and increasing sustainability. In the context of rapidly changing economic conditions, increasing globalization, and the merging of economic and political interests, innovation is crucial for the survival of enterprises. Every enterprise faces the necessity to modernize its production system to some extent, search for new opportunities to improve its products, implement innovations, engage in competitive struggle, and work out a development strategy. Thus, the issues of strategic management of innovative activities are highly relevant for modern enterprises. Strategic management is undoubtedly one of the key components of the innovation management system as it is aimed at solving problems related to the planning and implementation of long-term innovation projects. These innovative projects, by their nature, are focused on significant, qualitative changes in the production and commercial activities of an enterprise. Unlike operational management, which ensures the survival of an enterprise in the short term, the strategic management of innovative activity is aimed at gaining leadership positions in business in the long term. Keywords: innovation; competition; strategy; efficiency; innovation projects; scientific-technical potential.

This paper studies the possibility of diagnosing operational complications in sand-producing gas-lift wells through the analysis of wellhead data, without specialized downhole investigations. Unlike conventional gas-lift well designs, many sand-producing wells feature open dual concentric (pipe-in-pipe) gas-lift completion design without a packer between the lower completion tubing string and the annular space. This structural difference significantly influences the dynamics of pressure fluctuations at the wellhead, in the annulus, and in the casing. It has been determined that effective diagnosis of complications in gas-lift well operation based on wellhead process parameters requires not only the evaluation of average values and amplitude-frequency characteristics, but also a detailed analysis of the waveform of fluctuations. A mechanism is proposed to explain the emergence of distinctive pressure fluctuations during the operation of sand-producing gas-lift wells with open dual concentric gas-lift completion design. It is demonstrated that the presence of sand in the tubing often results in a characteristic saw-tooth pattern, with the amplitude of fluctuations increasing as sand accumulates in the wellbore. Based on these findings, a diagnostic methodology is presented for identifying operational issues in sand-producing gas-lift wells with open multi-row configurations. The application of this methodology enables timely and targeted intervention to prevent the escalation of complications and ensure stable well performance. Keywords: gas lift well; operational complications; sand production; diagnosis; wellhead data; fluctuation.

This study investigates the tectonic setting, sediment provenance, paleoweathering, paleoclimate, and hydrothermal influences on the Upper Cretaceous deposits of the Lok-Karabakh Zone using geochemical and mineralogical data. The results indicate that the sediments were primarily derived from volcanic arc-related mafic to intermediate rocks and deposited in an arc-related basin. Major and trace element analysis suggests that the sediments originated predominantly from volcaniclastic and terrigenous sources. The Chemical Index of Alteration (CIA) values range from 52 to 95, indicating a low to moderate degree of weathering, with most samples reflecting a cold and arid climate. Mineralogical data further support moderate chemical weathering, with montmorillonite as the dominant clay mineral, along with kaolinite, chlorite, and illite. The A-CN-K ternary diagram suggests plagioclase weathering as the dominant alteration pathway, with limited potassium enrichment. Elemental discrimination diagrams confirm a minimal hydrothermal influence, as evidenced by the Al–Fe–Mn ternary diagram and metalliferous index values exceeding 0.4. Tectonic discrimination diagrams reveal that the sediments were deposited in an arc-related basin influenced by subduction-driven processes. The geochemical proxies indicate that the Lok-Karabakh sedimentary basin was characterized by a scarcity of coarse-grained sediments, leading to a predominance of fine-grained, feldspar-rich deposits such as greywackes, which adversely affected reservoir properties. These findings contribute to a better understanding of the geodynamic evolution of the Lok-Karabakh zone during the Late Cretaceous, highlighting the interplay of arc volcanism, climate, and weathering processes in shaping the sedimentary record. Additionally, the results provide insights into sedimentary basin evolution and reservoir potential in similar geological settings. Keywords: Upper Cretaceous, Lok-Karabakh zone; paleoweathering; hydrothermal influence; provenance; tectonic setting.

The work is devoted to the implementation of a scientific and methodological justification for the application of fractal series theory to solve one of the key tasks of field development ‒ an integrated assessment of the effectiveness of flooding oil reservoirs using quantitative data to determine the effectiveness of well interactions. The object of research in this work is the deposits of carbonate reservoirs of the South Tatar arch, which have been in operation for a long time and for which a significant amount of geological and field information has been accumulated. As part of the application of the modified Hearst indicator calculation system in Cartesian coordinate axes with a logarithmic scale, the dynamics of changes in technological indicators for producing and injection wells were interpreted according to two different scenarios, the modeling of which provides a detailed picture of the change in the fluid motion vector in the borehole-reservoir system. The calculations made it possible to establish intervals with the most effective filtration of the fluid and identify patterns of change in the Hearst index based on the qualitative characteristics of flooding. It is concluded that it is necessary to take into account the deviation of the values of the coordinates of the curves for producing and injection wells from each other in the planning and design of both additional field studies and measures aimed at optimizing the processes of oil displacement by water. Keywords: deposits of carbonate reservoirs of the South Tatar arch; Hearst index; theory of fractal series; processing of geological and field data; assessment of the degree of mutual influence of wells.

This article discusses key considerations in the practical application of data analysis using distributed temperature sensing (DTS) technology. Conventional temperature logging techniques provide temperature data only during specific surveys and can significantly interfere with normal well operations. Application of DTS technology has made it possible to overcome many of the limitations and problems of thermal studies and makes it possible to obtain temperature measurements along the wellbore at short intervals without changing the well operating mode. It is demonstrated that in deviated and horizontal wells, discrepancies between the DTS measured depth (MD/ML) and the actual wellbore depth (i.e., the difference between the optical fiber length and the well path) vary across different intervals due to uneven fiber tension. These discrepancies are typically more pronounced in inclined and horizontal sections compared to vertical ones and must be accounted for when interpreting temperature variations along the wellbore. To correct this technical inaccuracy, DTS data should be calibrated against conventional well logging results. The study also identifies random temperature fluctuations inherent in DTS measurements, which can influence the accuracy of the recorded values. These signal noises are also observed when the well is shut in. Based on the statistical analysis, the closeness of the distribution of DTS measurement noise when the well is shut in to the normal distribution is shown. To determine the optimal sampling interval and the minimum number of measurements required for reliable temperature profiling, a comparative analysis with data from permanent downhole temperature gauges is recommended. Keywords: well integrity; monitoring; temperature profiling; distributed temperature sensing (DTS); signal noise; thermal fluctuation; distributed sensing.