The given work describes a technology of construction of neural network system of artificial intellect (AI) at a junction of declarative programming and machine training on the basis of modelling of cortical columns. Evolutionary mechanisms, using available material and relatively simple phenomena, have created complex intelligent systems. From this, the authors conclude that AI should also be based on simple but scalable and biofeasible algorithms, in which the stochastic dynamics of cortical neural modules allow to find solutions to of complex problems quickly and efficiently.. Purpose: Algorithmic formalization at the level of replicative neural network complexes - neocortex columns of the brain. Methods: The basic AI module is presented as a specialization and formalization of the concept "Chinese room" introduced by John Earle. The results of experiments on forecasting binary sequences are presented. The computer simulation experiments have shown high efficiency in implementing the proposed algorithms. At the same time, instead of using for each task a carefully selected and adapted separate method with partially equivalent restatement of tasks, the standard unified approach and unified algorithm parameters were used. It is concluded that the results of the experiments show the possibility of effective applied solutions based on the proposed technology. Practical value: the presented technology allows creating self-learning and planning systems.

To date, a huge amount of data on organisms diversity has been accumulated. Databases help to store and use these data for scientific purposes. There exists several dozens of databases for storing biodiversity data that were described in publications. Each has an original structure which badly correlates with the structures of other databases. This complicates data exchange and the formation of big biodiversity data array.
 The cause of this situation is the lack of the formal definitions of universal data components, which allow to build the database with any data on the diversity of organisms. The analysis of publications and author’s experience show that such universal components are present in the characteristics of any organisms. For example, it is an organism taxonomic name and a location where it was found. There are six such components and they answer to one of the six questions: what, where, when, who, where from and where to. What determines the name of an organism; where determines the location where it was found; when indicates the date of finding; who enumerates the persons, who found and analyzed an organism; where from refers to publications, where data about an organism are extracted or published; where to shows in which biological collection an organism is put in.
 Each component corresponds to a separate database table. These tables are linked to the table with data about organism (individual) and they are not linked with each other. Attributes of the links between the organism table and the component tables are stored in intermediate tables. They are used, for example, to store bibliographic facts, descriptions of collection items or geographical points. They also act as docking stations to which tables with any other information are attached.
 The creation of any database about the diversity of living organisms begins with the definition of the table of organism specimens. It must be used even if there is no explicit data on organisms. In that case virtual organisms should be introduced and the other components should be linked with them by means of intermediate tables. The latter are docked to other data. Minimal structures of all the tables, links between them and examples of databases construction are described in the work.

In this paper, from a cybernetic perspective, the human-nature interactions are considered in the context of modern climate change, unprecedented in its scale and rate caused by anthropogenic activity. The developed structure of the “climate-economy” cybernetic system is presented, the weaknesses of the global governance bodies are analysed, and the main causes of the uncertainties in assessing climate change and the economic damage caused by this change are discussed. It is noted that adaptation measures and strategies developed and implemented by governments of different countries and intergovernmental organizations do not eliminate the causes of global warming and, therefore, have limited capacities, since humans and nature can exist only under specified environmental conditions. Going beyond these conditions, due to climate change, can lead to a global biological catastrophe. Climate policy decisions are made under uncertainty due to the ambiguity of estimates of the future climate, which, in turn, is the result of an insufficiently adequate description of feedbacks in the climate system models. Using low-parametric models of the Earth's climate system, the influence of system’s feedbacks on tangible inter-model differences of climate change estimates obtained using modern climate models of a high degree of complexity is illustrated. Since the climate change adaptation measures proposed by experts are not the struggle with causes, but the fight with consequences, we see geoengineering as a radical adaptation strategy. In contrast to previous studies, we consider the problem of purposefully modifying climatic conditions, implemented by geoengineering methods, within the framework of optimal control theory with mathematical formalization of geoengineering objectives and methods for achieving them. In this paper, an example of the formulation and solution of the optimization problem for stabilizing the Earth’s climate through the injection of finely dispersed sulfate aerosol into the stratosphere is presented.

Nowadays more and more different bio-inspired approaches (based on a biological metaphor) for the computer and networks security systems are mentioned and advertised. Traditional computer-based systems and their functionality are often limited by different conditions. Due to frequent minor errors, these systems are subject of failure. They lack scalability, have low adaptation ability to changeable conditions of functioning and its goals. As opposed to traditional computer-based systems, biological systems are often quite reliable. They have great self-protection mechanisms, highly scalable, adaptable and able to self regeneration. These properties of biological systems can be used to construct technical systems (including information security systems). The paper considers different approaches to the protection of computer systems and networks, which are based on a biological metaphor.

A parallel linear generator of multi-valued pseudorandom sequences, which operates under conditions of generating hardware errors caused by destructive adversary actions is proposed. The main types of modification of the pseudorandom sequence in case of adversary attack are considered. A distinctive feature of the iterative process of ensuring the reliability of computational operations is the of computational operations by representing a system of generating recurring logical formulas as a system of many-valued logic algebra functions. The subsequent realization of multivalued logic algebra functions by means of arithmetic polynomials allowed us to parallelize the process of generating multivalued pseudorandom sequences and level out the existing complexity (specificity) of cryptographic transformations of logical data types which limit the use of redundant coding methods. As a result, a solution that allows to apply redundant modular codes to control the accuracy of the computational operations performed by the nodes of pseudorandom sequence generation is proposed. Moreover, unlike the known solutions, the proposed method provides obtaining fragments of a pseudorandom sequence on the basis of one recursive arithmetic formula with parallel calculation errors control. The use of modular forms made it possible to transfer computations from the rational numbers field arithmetic to integer arithmetic of a simple field. Among the existing variety of codes correcting errors (maximally spaced codes), a special place is occupied by multivalued Reed-Solomon codes. Reed-Solomon codes usage in the formation of pseudorandom sequences allows the formation of code-like structures that monitor and ensure the reliability of computational operations. The calculated probability of failure-free operation of the parallel linear generator of multivalued pseudorandom sequences with an error control function based on the principle of functioning — sliding redundancy is obtained. The achieved results can find wide application at realization of perspective high-efficiency cryptographic information protection facility.

Naturalness is one of the most important aspects of synthesized speech, and state-of-the-art parametric speech synthesizers require training on large quantities of annotated speech data to be able to convey prosodic elements such as pitch accent and phrase boundary tone. The most frequently used framework for prosodic annotation of speech in American English is Tones and Break Indices – ToBI, which has also been adapted for use in a number of other languages. This paper presents certain deficiencies of ToBI when applied in synthesis of speech in American English, which are related to the absence of tags specifically intended to mark differences in the level of prosodic stress (emphasis) related to a particular sentence constituent. The research presented in the paper proposes the introduction of a set of tags intended for explicit modeling of the degree of prosodic stress. Namely, a certain sentence constituent can be particularly emphasized, when it is the intended focus of the utterance, or it can be de-emphasized, as is commonly the case with phrases reporting direct speech or with comment clauses. Through several listening tests it has been shown that learning such prosodic events from data has distinct advantages over approaches attempting to exploit the existing ToBI tags to convey the degree of emphasis in synthesized speech. Namely, speech synthesized by a neural network trained on data tagged for the level of prosodic stress appears more natural, and the listeners are more successful in locating the sentence constituent carrying prosodic stress.

The paper deals with the processing of hydroacoustic data recorded with help of hydroacoustic research complexes. Particular attention to classic and interferometric sonars is paid. In accordance to the regulatory documentation, the minimum permissible measurement errors for the formation of bottom surface maps for various economic sectors are determined. As one of the important problems affecting the effectiveness of survey work with sonar complexes, the authors determine the problem of primary data compression, which, as a rule, leads to information loss without the possibility of its recovery. These drawbacks of the methods of primary information compression-recovery and processing of hydroacoustic data used in complexes reduce the overall effectiveness of the complexes usage both with the use of sidescan sonar and with the use of an interferometric side-scan sonar. In the framework of a numerical experiment, it has been shown that the use of chirp signals as probing pulses makes it possible to effectively apply the complex in the survey sonar mode. The results of the numerical experiment for estimating the spatial position of the object at the bottom of the sonar images using the phase difference information of the received signals using an interferometric sonar are presented. Based on the results of the experiment, the requirements for recording quality of reflected signals of various types in interferometric side-scan sonar are determined. A method of resolving the reflected (with partial overlap and overlay) hydroacoustic tones, based on the method of dividing the spectra is proposed by the authors. To improve the efficiency of the chirp signal processing, the authors suggest to improve the accuracy of the detection of the signal detection time due to the phase correction calculated through the slope of the frequency change rate of the chirp signal.

This work is devoted to the rational choice of formation parameters for the masking noise and structural interference and their combined use for the protection of confidential information against leaks in the stray electromagnetic radiations channel of the displaying units using the DVI standard. The work describes the simulation features of the influence of the interferences formed by the active jamming system on the quasioptimum receiver which serves as a tool for the interception. The principles of the pulse components formation in the stray electromagnetic radiations from displays based on the DVI standard-based video data transfer and specific pulse components of structural interference are presented. Noted that mode information output to the monitor screen have the broadband and repetitive stray electromagnetic radiations matching on frequency of the frame scan devices video path. The indicator is set for the estimation of effectiveness of structural interference in the solution of the data protection problem from leakage through the channel of stray electromagnetic radiations – variations of the wrong color recognition probability in the block of graphic information. A detailed description is given for the dependences of the effectiveness indicator of structural interference on a number of frames of an image, accumulated in the technical tool for the interception of stray electromagnetic radiations, as well as for signal/noise to amplitude relation at the input of the technical interception tool. On the basis of the simulation results we have evaluated the effectiveness of applying structural interference on active noise systems. Identified the feasibility of using structural interference with the protection of confidential information from leaking through the channel stray electromagnetic radiations means of information display the DVI standard. The advantages of decreased total output and power consumption by the active jamming devices are shown in comparison with the masking noise and traditional jamming methods.