The pulp and paper industry’s multi-tonnage liquid waste is spent cooking liquor containing lignosulfonates, which disposal and processing remains one of the most complex environmental and technological problems, which should be solved. Lignosulfonates have unique colloidal-chemical properties, which determines their high resource potential. However, lignosulfonates’ composition instability often does not provide the properties and indicators set by the consumer. Changing market conditions require constant waste monitoring and modification, that prevents the widespread lignosulfonates use in industrial practice. In this paper, the causes for the formation of lignin-containing waste and its impact on the environment are considered. A strategy for lignosulfonates utilization has been developed, as well as promising methods for these wastes processing and disposal, which will expand the use of lignosulfonates and reduce the pulp and paper industry negative impact on the environment.

The matrix method is often used for occupational risk assessment. In this paper have been considered the matrix method’s use features, as well as have been highlighted its advantages and disadvantages. Have been presented recommendations on the risk matrix development, and criteria for categorization of occupational risk’s attributes – the effect consequences severity of hazard and its feasibility.
 The proposed approach to consequences severity categorization is accorded with rules and regulations regarding the severity of harm to human health, which in return facilitates mitigation the degree of uncertainty and subjectivity of the assessment results.
 The grading of categories for hazard feasibility is based on well-known scientific and practical approaches. Has been performed the generalization of scientific data on the hazard feasibility categorization, and have been proposed universal criteria descriptors, which allow assess the considered hazard objectively and all round, and determine the necessary category for this hazard feasibility. It has been pointed to subjective perception of categories names in final estimating of occupational risk levels, and has been proposed to use the concepts of occupational risk levels, which based on the priority relating to risk respond measures. 
 The proposed approaches facilitate increase of quality and effectiveness of matrix method use in estimating of occupational risk levels.

Questions related to accidents prevention based on non-destructive control of critical defects, functioning dangerous technical systems with high wear levels, as well as to substantiation of measures for step-by-step risk mitigation of the specified systems after their stop have been considered. For security upgrade relating to operation of potentially dangerous technical systems under resources restrictions are applied measures for prevention of accidents, mainly, the non-destructive control (NDC) of these systems technical condition without their stop. So, complexes of NDC-methods are applied for fault detection of functioning long distance pipe lines and industrial chimneys. 
 The defects elimination process, and recovery works on the stopped idle systems can be considered as stage-by-stage risk management implementation. With increase of specified measures’ costs the accidents damage risk mitigation is reached. At the same time modified to year expenses representing the sum of presented expenditures related to risk mitigation measures and the presented accidents damage at some cost value for risk mitigation take up minimum value. Further expenses level increase with minimum cost is not compensated by the level of prevented damage. 
 Searching of the specified expenses level for accidents risk mitigation with minimum cost is an optimization problem on minimization of the modified to year risky expenses. In this work has been offered a risk management algorithm scheme at operation of such potentially dangerous technical system as a functioning industrial reinforced concrete flue.

The way for solving the task of enterprises sewage treatment from emergency discharge of antibiotics is offered. Emergency discharge of antibiotics into sewage can arise at enterprises of chemical-pharmaceutical and processing industry. Emergency discharge happens in a short period that gives the chance for its detection and utilization into a settler. Standards for emergency discharges have been presented. The main form for detection of antibiotics in water, their kind and concentration identification is analysis of flowing sewage. This analysis includes two elements: obtaining information on the actual existence of antibiotics (their qualitative and quantitative characteristics), and comparison of obtained information with available indicators for the purpose of definition of their compliance. The control procedure includes operations of measurement and identification. Determination of numerical values for indicators of quantitative characteristics is based on information obtained when using technical means of measurements. For the task solution have been considered characteristics of various methods for detection of antibiotics in sewage. Classification of methods according to quantitative and qualitative indicators of sewage on antibiotics existence has been carried out. Have been allocated methods providing the real time control, among which a specific place is occupied by optical-electronic control methods with use of laser radiation. For implementation of real spectroscopy it is offered to use laser radiation with radiation wavelength corresponding to antibiotic range extremes. In such a case, a spectral characteristic of an antibiotic, which can appear in emergency discharge of enterprise’s sewer, is a priori known. For verification of this technical offer an experiment was set up, which had showed a possibility to use a direct method of spectroscopy — translucency on laser radiation’s chosen wavelength for definition of emergency discharge of antibiotic into enterprise’s sewage.

The analysis of the dynamics of the corrosion processes of the lining and concrete trunk of the chimney, depending on the operating conditions and climatic conditions, reveals the conditions for the formation of initial cracks in the lining, the dynamics of their growth, it is shown that, with a density of hair cracks of 10 pieces on an area of 0.5 m2, so permeable that the rates of local corrosion processes of lining and concrete materials create an excessive risk of destruction of the chimney. Especially quickly the degradation processes the chimney is exposed at a point about one-third of the top at gas velocities below 10 and above 20 m/s. Excessive permeability of the lining as an additional critical defect is suggested to be taken into account in the composition of critical defects in the traditional classification of their hazards, and its identification is to be based on the results of recognition of defects in photographs obtained by monitoring the chimney with an autonomous device — by the parameter “exceeding the density of cracks by opening width 1 mm and more than 10 pieces on an area of 0.5 m2. At the same time, in the analysis of the risk of destruction of the chimney, the event tree is complemented by the fourth branch, which means the emergence of a critical defect — excessive permeability of gases through the lining. In addition, the lengths of cracks in the lining and concrete trunk are referred to the diameter of the pipe, which makes the classification more universal.

The article is devoted to the problem of improving the safety of energy enterprises employees, which for several decades has been one of the most important organizational tasks in the enterprise in the process of employment. The paper analyzes the existing indicators of working conditions assessment and proposes an algorithm for assessing the risk of damage to the health the energy industry employees, allowing to further develop a list of measures that reduce the impact of harmful factors on employees of the enterprise.

The article presents the results of experimental studies of the uneven distribution of the distances between the wires of the warp and weft in woven wire meshes with square cells used to clean gases and liquids from mechanical impurities in various branches of technology. On the basis of experimental data using the methods of probability theory, the regularity of the size distribution of the cells of these grids is determined. The length of its minimum side is chosen as the determining size of a square cell. The results of the conducted studies were used to estimate the fractional coefficient of the leakage of spherical particles through the mesh in the sieve mechanism of separation of these particles from the fluid flow. The probability of particle breakthrough through the grid is assumed to be equal to the fraction of the fluid flow passing through the cells, which determines the size of which is larger than the particle diameter. For experimental verification of the calculated values of the leakage coefficient for the sieve filtering mechanism, a preliminary analysis of the influence of the parameters of the hydrodynamic mode of fluid flow through the grid and the level of fluid contamination on the filtering mechanism was carried out. The results of experimental studies of the fractional leakage coefficient values obtained by the sieve filtering mechanism are compared with the calculated data.

The algorithm for formation of curricula for personnel training in the Environmental Engineering and Water Use direction according to the project of the Federal State Standards 3++, updated with use of professional standards on the example of the draft for the approximate main educational program of the direction has been offered.

In this paper have been presented new approaches to fire safety assessment of personnel during its evacuation from industrial premises. A method for composition of scenarios for a fire break-out and development based on the Ishikawa Diagram, as well as a mathematical model characterizing the process of fire break-out and development have been implemented. A fire safety index for personnel escape routes has been introduced, and models for assessment the probability of personnel evacuation have been used. Have been concerned problematic issues related to humans’ behavioral feature during fire, their moving in case of evacuation inside enclosed and confined spaces, distance of workplaces from escape routes, reliability of emergency voice alarm communication system. An approach for safety assessment of automatic fire extinguishing units containing fire-extinguishing agents which are hazardous to human health has been proposed. Examples for approbation of developments in the process of fire safety assessment for escape routes, and composition of fire in a machinery room of gas transmission provider’s compressor section have been presented.