Recognizing, addressing, and adjusting for underlying assumptions is important for visitor use research and management in parks and protected areas. To identify assumptions in visitor use management research and applications, a Delphi approach was used to understand if and how assumptions appear in the visitor use management domain. We engaged eight visitor use experts in the United States over three questionnaire-based iterations, resulting in a list of 28 assumptions in visitor use management and associated research. Top-ranked assumptions were further explored to begin a conversation around how these assumptions may impact the research and management of visitor use in parks and protected areas. Overall, this study contributes to a growing body of knowledge regarding best practices related to visitor use management across public lands and other natural areas within the United States.

The tourism industry is driven by multiple factors. However, current research on the impact of culture on inbound and outbound tourism demand remains limited, particularly regarding the comparative effects of various types of cultural dissemination activities. This study employs time series analysis methods, collecting data on inbound tourist arrivals, tourism revenue, Confucius Institutes, international students in China, and cultural product exports. Vector autoregression (VAR) and impulse response functions (IRF) were used to analyze the short-term dynamics and long-term equilibrium relationships among these variables. The findings reveal a significant positive correlation between cultural dissemination activities and inbound tourism demand, exhibiting a lagged effect. The long-run equilibrium relationship indicates a strong positive correlation between the number of international students and tourist arrivals. Furthermore, the number of Confucius Institutes positively impacts both tourist arrivals and tourism revenue. This study confirms the crucial role of cultural dissemination in promoting inbound tourism. However, different forms of cultural dissemination activities may influence tourism demand through distinct mechanisms. The findings suggest that cultural exchange activities not only stimulate inbound tourism demand but also help disperse visitor flows and enhance destination management, playing a vital role in achieving sustainable tourism development. Lastly, this study provides robust empirical evidence that aligns with UNESCO’s sustainable tourism indicators.

This research investigates how servant leadership influences team effectiveness within agile software companies. Additionally, it examines the mediating roles of intellectual stimulation and perceived supervisor support in this relationship. The study adopts a survey approach, with 327 IT professionals from various cities across Pakistan. The questionnaire achieved a response rate of 45%. Data analysis was conducted using regression and mediation analysis methods with IBM SPSS. The results revealed that servant leadership had a significant positive impact on team effectiveness in agile software companies. Intellectual stimulation mediated this relationship, showing that leaders who encourage creativity and critical thinking improve team outcomes. Perceived supervisor support further enhanced the positive effects of servant leadership on team effectiveness, highlighting the role of supervisors’ emotional and professional support in fostering a productive team environment. This research sheds light on the understudied domain of servant leadership in IT, offering insights for academic and practical leadership development. It pioneers a comprehensive analysis of servant leadership, intellectual stimulation, perceived supervisor support, and team effectiveness in agile software companies. Theoretically, the study advances our knowledge regarding how supervisor support and intellectual stimulation help connect servant leadership with better team performance, especially in agile settings. Practically, the findings guide IT companies to improve team outcomes by encouraging leaders to be ethical, supportive, and open to new ideas.

Generative artificial intelligence is regularly tasked with navigating the complexities of human-to-human interaction, including peer-to-peer mental health support and improving interpersonal emotion regulation within customer service settings. Qualitative findings question whether artificial intelligence deserves a space in this area; however, many recent studies indicate that artificial intelligence may improve human-to-human interaction. In the current study, and across two samples ( N Givers = 522; N Receivers = 580; N Total = 1,102) gathered to detect small effects, we examine a specific use case of generative artificial intelligence in the workplace and whether it can be leveraged to improve prosocial human-to-human messaging above and beyond human-written prompts using a quantitative survey experiment. Specifically, we train and examine the impact of generative artificial intelligence on participants’ perceptions of employee recognition messages in the workplace. We found that participants: (a) believed the trained generative artificial intelligence was in line with Human Resources (HR) industry best practice; and (b) learned from the generative artificial intelligence, believing it would lead them to change their behavior. Generative artificial intelligence messages were more in line with HR industry best practice than human-written messages, and these messages were longer and more positively valenced. Further, after controlling for message length, had more nouns, adjectives, and verbs than human-written messages. Consistencies with the current literature and the place generative artificial intelligence has in human-to-human interaction moving forward are discussed.

With the advancement of arts education policies and digital technologies, chorus education has attracted increasing global scholarly attention. This study aims to visualize the intellectual landscape and identify key trends and future directions in chorus education research. Following a structured retrieval process informed by PRISMA principles, 1,893 articles published between 2015 and 2024 were collected from the Web of Science Core Collection. Using CiteSpace software, we conducted co-occurrence, cluster, and burst analyses across authors, institutions, countries, and keywords. The results reveal a steady growth in publication output, expanding international collaboration networks, and increasing interdisciplinary integration. Research hotspots have shifted from traditional music instruction to themes such as digital learning, choral pedagogy, inclusive education, intergenerational choir, and mental health, reflecting the field’s growing alignment with social, psychological, and technological concerns. Theoretically, this study contributes to the understanding of chorus education as an evolving interdisciplinary field, offering a structured knowledge map that connects educational, cognitive, and community-centered perspectives. Practically, the findings provide valuable implications for music educators, policy designers, and institutional leaders aiming to advance digital innovation and inclusive practice in music learning. However, limitations remain in terms of database scope and language restrictions. Future studies could integrate broader data sources and explore comparative analyses across regions to enrich the global dialogue on chorus education development.

Frequently, public service deliverance has adverse substantive impacts on the environment. Wolf’s theory of non-market failure views these impacts as derived externalities , while Moore’s theory of public value invites to view them as resulting from a partial or biased consideration of the public-value dimensions by the service providers. In the case of healthcare, such environmental damages also have a boomerang effect, so they often affect people’s health. However, the carbon footprint (CF) of public hospitals remains understudied in many countries. More specifically, very little research focuses on the evolution of CF at the organizational (hospital) level under a systemic shock like the last pandemic. To our knowledge, this is the first study that combines CF computation and data envelopment analysis (DEA) to investigate the environmental efficiency of public hospitals before and during the pandemic. We compare a big and purely public hospital (HA) with a smaller public hospital managed through a public-private partnership (HB). In both hospitals, the main sources of emissions were electricity consumption (55.89% in HA and 48.41% in HB) and natural gas (28.89% in HA and 26.41% in HB). During the pandemic, the two hospitals achieved higher scores in our DEA-based environmental efficiency measure, even when a standard general activity volume indicator is added as input. Our results portray 2020 as the abrupt shock year and 2021 as the year of a shock attenuation (HA) or partial return to normalcy (HB).

This study integrates PLS-SEM and fsQCA to explore how push and pull motivations, perceived authenticity (object-based, constructive, and existential), satisfaction, and prior knowledge shape two key post-visit behaviors: revisit intention and word-of-mouth intention, in the context of cultural heritage tourism. The PLS-SEM results indicate that motivational factors and authenticity perceptions significantly influence revisit intention but show limited effects on word-of-mouth intention. The fsQCA further reveals multiple distinct configurational pathways leading to both revisit and absence of WOM intentions, highlighting the asymmetric and non-compensatory nature of causal conditions. Notably, some non-WOM configurations feature high levels of cognitive engagement (constructive authenticity and prior knowledge) but lack affective engagement (existential authenticity and satisfaction), suggesting that cognitive understanding alone does not guarantee advocacy behaviors. Moreover, by incorporating prior knowledge as a moderator, the study introduces the concept of the expertise reversal effect into cultural heritage tourism, demonstrating how tourist expertise reshapes motivational influence and co-creation dynamics. These findings extend the theoretical boundary of value co-creation in symbolically rich environments and provide actionable segmentation strategies for heritage site managers based on fsQCA-derived visitor profiles. Additionally, the predictive validity analysis conducted through fsQCA confirms that the identified causal configurations exhibit good predictive power across different sample subsets.

Chronic pain is a significant public health issue, particularly prominent in pediatric populations due to limited access to validated treatments. The World Health Organization emphasizes the necessity of identifying the needs of children as a foundational step in developing effective treatments. This study aims to identify the healthcare needs of children with chronic pain, including perceived needs, barriers, and facilitators identified by clinicians. Two online focus groups were conducted with nine healthcare professionals from six pediatric hospitals across all Spain. The Public and Patient Engagement Evaluation Tool (PPEET) was used to evaluate participants' experiences. Data were analyzed qualitatively using a framework analysis based on the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research (CFIR), with the integration of the biopsychosocial model of pain and the Capability, Opportunity and Motivation Model of Behavior Change (COM-B). Clinicians identified key unmet needs in access to multidisciplinary treatment, school support, and family guidance. Barriers included fragmented services, lack of coordination across levels of care, and insufficient training. Facilitators included clinician motivation, informal professional networks, and openness to digital health tools. Findings highlight critical gaps in pediatric chronic pain care in Spain and point to strategies for service development, training, and policy initiatives. Integrating implementation science with clinical and behavioral frameworks offers a pathway to improve access and quality of care.

Occupational stress among faculty has become an important research topic in psychology. Unlike previous studies, this research integrates resilience, job satisfaction, and psychological capital into a unified analytical framework based on Social Identity Theory and Conservation of Resources Theory. It aims to investigate the underlying mechanisms and boundary conditions between professional identity and work engagement. Using a cross-sectional survey design, we collected data from 950 Chinese university faculty through questionnaire assessments, focusing on the relationships among professional identity, resilience, job satisfaction, psychological capital, and work engagement. Results indicate that professional identity shows a significant positive association with work engagement. Resilience and job satisfaction play parallel mediating roles in this relationship. The main contributions of this study include revealing the complex internal processes linking professional identity and work engagement, and verifying the significant moderating role of psychological capital in the path from professional identity to resilience. These findings offer a new theoretical perspective for understanding the formation mechanism of work engagement among university faculty. They also provide empirical support for higher education management practices that emphasize building professional identity, fostering resilience, and developing psychological resources.

Drawing on the theoretical lens of intertextuality and employing the Latent Dirichlet Allocation (LDA) topic model, this study systematically examines the similarities and differences between Chinese and American science education policies across three comparative dimensions: (1) structural differences in policy design; (2) similarities and divergences in thematic emphasis; and (3) evolutionary trends in policy agendas. The selection of policy texts followed clear criteria: (1) documents must be issued at the national level (central government in China and federal government in the United States); (2) they must be directly related to science education; and (3) local and informal texts were excluded. A total of 23 policy documents were retained, amounting to approximately 200,000 words. The optimal number of topics was set at four for each country, with coherence scores of 0.75 (China) and 3.70 (United States), ensuring model validity. The results indicate a clear divergence in governance logic and semantic structure between the two countries. In terms of topic structure, Chinese policies exhibit a “one-core, multiple-supports” configuration, with state authority at the semantic center and various social actors functioning as collaborative agents, whereas American policies present a “multi-actor co-construction” pattern in which diverse policy texts resonate horizontally. In terms of topic emphasis, both countries display sustained reinforcement of teacher development, forming a shared policy consensus. In terms of topic evolution, China follows a pattern of linear inheritance, continuously assimilating and layering upon existing policy frameworks, while the United States demonstrates semantic migration, with policy meanings shifting through the reconfiguration of key concepts and ideas. As two representative models of education governance, how China and the United States navigate strategic absorption and reciprocal borrowing within their distinct historical, cultural, and institutional contexts holds significant implications for advancing global science education policy from a phase of parallel development to one of mutual innovation.