Abstract Denna artikel presenterar en introduktion till en beteendemedicinsk arbetesmodell för kronisk obstipation. Den bygger på en nyutkommen artikel om beteendeterapeutisk behandling av svår förstoppning. Studien visar att beteendeterapeutiska metoder är den kanske mest lovande behandlingsmetoden för obstipation. Problemet är att det finns lite intresse bland beteendeterapeuter att ta på sig denna behandling. Artikeln syftar till att entusiasmera beteendeterapeuer till detta mycket roliga och givande arbete.

Abstract Vi har replikert en unders⊘kelse av Pace, Ivancic, Edwards, Iwata og Page (1985) for a identifisere forsterkere for personer med alvorlig psykisk utviklingshemming. Pace et al's resultater indikerte at metoden var effektiv. I Eksperiment 1 ble fire personer gjentatte ganger eksponert for 12 stimuli. Tilnœrmingsraten til hver stimulus ble brukt til a identifisere prefererte og ikkeprefererte stimuli. I Eksperiment 2 pr⊘vde vi ut forsterkeregenskapene til de prefererte og ikke-prefererte stimuli ved a presentere dem kontingent pa forekomst av lavfrekvent atferd. Vare resultater viser at de prefererte stimuli ikke produserte en h⊘yere responsrate enn basislinje og de ikke-prefererte stimuli. Tilslutt diskuteres mulige faktorer som kan ha virket inn pa resultatet.

Abstract Research concerning specific coping strategies used by low back pain patients has so far primarily focused upon the relationships between coping strategies and adjustment to pain and upon comparing different groups of pain patients. The purpose of this study was to evaluate whether pain intensity, situational factors, gender or duration of time since onset of pain did influence the reported use of specific coping strategies. Specific behavioral and cognitive pain coping strategies were assessed by means of a 21-item self-report questionnaire in a sample of 86 patients with chronic or recurrent low back pain. The questionnaire was designed to take into account pain severity (mild/severe pain) and the situation of the patient (at work/at home). The results indicate a strong main effect of pain severity on all subscales except one. Effect of sex and/or situation and duration of pain history were slight. The average preference order for specific coping strategies changed markedly due to severity of p...

Abstract In the present study, psychological reactance was viewed and treated both as a motivational state and as a personality trait which could be aroused through characteristics of the situation and of the individual. Reactance was measured by the Therapeutic Reactance Scale, One hundred an four male veteran smokers were exposed to either high or low amounts of physician advice to quit smoking. The advice was delivered in either a positive or negative tone. The study used a 2×2×2 (Reactance × Amount × Tone) factorial design with reported cigarette consumption among several dependent measures. The results indicated a significant interaction between the patient's level of reactance and the reactance arousing properties of the situation; namely, tone of physician advice. Scores on the Therapeutic Reactance Scale revealed that, for patients high in behavioral reactance, a low amont of negatively toned advice was most effective in facilitating a redcuction in smoking. Conversely, for subjects low in behavioral reactance, a high amount of either negatively or positively toned advice was most effective in promoting a reduction in smoking.

Abstract The present study was designed to test the hypothesis derived from Beck's cognitive theory that decreased negative thinking alleviates depression in experimentally depressed subjects. In order to reduce the frequency of negative thinking, two types of cognitive coping strategies were used, namely pleasant imagery and a distraction task. According to Beck's theory, both strategies should be effective in altering depression. However, the results indicated a clearcut difference in effect as measured on the DACL. Pleasant imagery was successful in alleviating depression, while the distraction task was not.

Abstract The question of whether the counterregulation of dieters after forced consumption of a preload is dependent on mood was examined in a 2 (dieter vs non-dieter) × 2 (happy vs depressed) × 2 (preload vs no-preload) factorial design. Subjects were 83 Dutch housewives (mean age 42 years) who were classified as dieter or non-dieter by the median split score on the Restraint Scale of the Dutch Eating Behavious Questionnaire (DEBQ). A happy or a depressed mood was induced with the aid of music. Half of the subjects were forced to eat a preload. It was hypothesized that forced consumption of a preload will disinhibit the dieter when mood is depressed, but will elicit a normal regulatory reponse when the dieter is happy. It was found that happy dieters did indeed regulate their food consumption normally after a preload. However, depressed dieters also eat marginally less after a preload. Furthermore, the finding that non-dieters never regulated their food intake, neither when happy nor when depressed casts some doubts on the validity of the present findings. The curious results may be due to the relatively high age of the subject sample used. A replication study using a younger subject sample is desirable before firm conclusions can be drawn as to the mood-dependence of counterregulation after a preload.

Abstract Beteendeterapi inom Psykiatrin L.G. Öst (Red). (1987). Stockholm: Natur & Kultur. Pris: 330 sv kr. Reviewed by Arnold Torstenson. “Till de Bildade bland dess Föraktare” Reviewed by Car-Erik Brattemo. Beteendeterapi inom Psykiatrin Reviewed by Solveig og Carl Erik Grenness. Schizofrenibehandling — Psykiatri på Liv och Död S. Belin (1987) Stockholm: Natur & Kultur, 170 sidor. Pris: 205 SEK. Reviewed by Staffan Sohlberg. Symtom — Diagnos G. Birke (1988) Stockholm: Almqvist & Wiksell, 616 sidor Reviewed by Birgitta och Roberg Forsberg.