Modern medicine is facing a global problem of increasing antibiotic resistance, which significantly limits the effectiveness of traditional antibacterial drugs. This necessitates the search for new sources of antimicrobial agents, among which plant extracts containing biologically active substances with antibacterial and antifungal properties are of particular interest. The aim was a study of the acute toxicity and antimicrobial activity of Plume Poppy herb dry extract. Material and Methods. The study objects were: Plume Poppy herb, which was harvested in the Vinnytsia region during the flowering period in the summer of 2023; the dry extract of Plume Poppy herb, obtained by extraction and evaporation. The study of the acute toxicity of the Plume Poppy herb dry extract by intragastric administration to mice was carried out using the express method of T.V. Pastushenko. The study of the antimicrobial activity of the Plume Poppy herb dry extract was carried out using the disk-diffusion method and the method of two-fold serial dilutions on the basis of the Microbiology Department laboratory of National Pirogov Memorial Medical University, Vinnytsia. Results. According to the classification of K.K. Sidorov, the dry extract of Plume Poppy herb is classified as class III - moderately toxic substances. LD₅₀ was 149 mg/kg for males and 174 mg/kg for females. A pronounced direct antimicrobial activity of the Plume Poppy herb dry extract has been established. The specified extract exhibits moderate antistaphylococcal activity, acts on vegetative forms of bacilli, inhibits the growth of yeast-like fungi of the genus Candida and at the same time is less effective against gram-negative bacteria. Conclusions. The Plume Poppy herb is a source of biologically active compounds and represents a promising raw material for the development of new herbal medicinal products for external use, particularly dry extracts and their solutions with pronounced antimicrobial activity

The aim of the study is to evaluate the effect of a new combined remedy based on dicarboxylic acid and a selenium-containing compound on the functional and metabolic state of the liver in conditions of prolonged paracetamol-induced hepatitis. Materials and methods The study was conducted on outbred white rats weighing 200-250 g in compliance with all principles of ethical treatment of animals. Drug-induced liver injury was modeled by oral administration of paracetamol per os for four weeks at a dose of 600 mg per kg body weight. Animals were divided into groups: I - control, which was injected with a solvent (2 % starch solution); II - rats with paracetamol-induced hepatitis; III - rats with hepatitis, which received a new agent based on a dicarboxylic acid derivative and a selenium-containing compound at a dose of 32 mg/kg b.w. Verification of functional and metabolic disorders of the liver was carried out using biochemical methods and histological examination of the liver tissue. Results Significant changes in the activity of hepatic enzymes in animals from the induced hepatitis group compared to intact control animals, increased levels of sialic acids in the blood serum and liver, etc. were recorded. Structural changes in the liver tissue of animals with induced hepatitis were also observed compared to intact control animals. The use of the new remedy led to the normalization of the indicators. Conclusions. In the conditions of paracetamol-induced hepatitis, changes in biochemical parameters in the blood serum and liver homogenate were observed, indicating the development of autoimmune processes in the body. Correction with the new remedy led to the restoration of liver enzyme activity and a decrease in the content of sialic acids in the blood serum and liver homogenate of experimental animals. The new combined remedy based on a dicarboxylic acid derivative and a selenium-containing compound is effective and promising as a potential drug for the correction of liver disorders in the setting of drug-induced hepatitis

The aim of the study was to analyze the effectiveness of botulinum therapy in aesthetic cosmetology and to consider the influence of various factors on the decision to perform the procedure. Materials and methods. The work used content analysis of literary sources, analytical method, and online survey of females and males of different generations regarding the botulinum therapy procedure. Results and discussion. Botulinum toxin was historically first used to smooth glabellar wrinkles, and then its use was expanded to other areas of the face. There are seven types of botulinum toxin (A, B, C, D, E, F, and G). Experience with the use of botulinum therapy for aesthetic purposes shows that clinical ineffectiveness is extremely rare. Depending on gender, the reaction to procedures with the introduction of botulinum toxin for cosmetic purposes is different. Females are more aware of the botulinum therapy procedure than males. Botulinum toxin therapy is most common among younger adults (25 to 39 years old). Conclusions. Interest in botulinum toxin therapy increases with age. People, interested in botulinum toxin therapy, are more likely to visit a cosmetologist regularly. Profession affects person’s involvement in the botulinum toxin therapy procedure. The largest proportion of the respondents who have undergone botulinum toxin therapy is observed among the medical and beauty sectors, business and management. The largest number of the respondents who want to try botulinum toxin therapy is among students. This may indicate the openness of the younger generation to experiments and understanding the importance of continuing their youth in the future for as long as possible. The study showed that BMI does not affect respondents’ involvement in the botulinum toxin therapy procedure. The Internet is the main source of information about botulinum toxin therapy for a significant number of the respondents, regardless of their involvement in this procedure. The participants prioritize the result of botulinum toxin therapy, not its cost

The aim: study of the effectiveness of environmentally safe means «Vetoks-1000», «Sumerian silver» for the prevention of pseudomonosis of poultry embryos, associated with bacteriosis.
 Materials and methods. The effectiveness of the preparations «VetOks-1000», «Sumerian silver» in relation to E. coli, P. aeruginos, S. aureus, S. typhimurium was determined by the method of researching antimicrobial activity on test objects: galvanized iron, wooden bars (painted and unpainted), red brick and plaster cut-outs, 10 x 10 cm, and a hatching egg.
 The effectiveness of «VetOks-1000», «Sumerian silver» solutions compared to formaldehyde for disinfection of hatching eggs and incubation cabinets for the purpose of preventing pseudomonosis of poultry embryos was carried out in the production conditions of the hatchery, where P. aeruginosa, E. coli, S. аureus, were periodically isolated from asphyxiated embryos and from the carcasses of chicks of the first 10 days of life by comparing the hatching rate of chicks in the experimental and control groups.
 Results. It was established that the «Sumerian silver» had an antimicrobial effect against the causative agents of pseudomonosis and the main bacterioses of poultry in concentrations of 1–3 %, and the drug «VetOx-1000»was effective in concentrations of 0.024 %–0.03 % after exposure for 1-4 hours in depending on the type of surface.
 The number of conditioned young birds, obtained with the use of environmentally safe means «VetOks-1000», «Sumerian silver», was higher by (1.1-1.7) % compared to the number of young birds in the control group using formalin.
 Conclusions. The proposed method of prevention of associated pseudomonosis of poultry embryos by rotation of environmentally safe means in established bactericidal concentrations (3 % «Sumerian silver» solution and 0.03 % «VetOks 1000» solution) ensures a 1.1–1.7 % higher hatching of young birds compared to control using formalin

The aim: This study aims to determine the diagnostic value of lung ultrasound compared with radiography for respiratory distress in cats. Materials and methods: The database of the veterinary center was analyzed. 130 animals diagnosed with pulmonary edema were selected. The lungs of sick cats were examined ultrasonographically; The line was counted in 4 anatomical sections on each hemithorax. A site was evaluated as positive when > 3 "B-lines" were detected. Animal treatment protocols were studied to clarify the final diagnosis (reference standard), and the sensitivity and specificity of lung ultrasound and chest X-ray for the diagnosis of pulmonary edema were calculated. Result: Cats with a final diagnosis of cardiogenic pulmonary edema had a greater number of positive areas on ultrasound than those, in which respiratory distress was caused by non-cardiogenic pulmonary edema. The overall sensitivity and specificity of US for the diagnosis of pulmonary edema were 87 % and 89 %, respectively, and these values were similar to those of chest radiography (85 % and 86 %, respectively). The use of ultrasound led to a false diagnosis of cardiogenic pulmonary edema (ie, a false-positive result) in animals with diffuse interstitial or alveolar changes. Conclusions: Ultrasound examination of the lungs in cats with respiratory distress syndrome is a promising diagnostic method. Emergency diagnosis of pulmonary edema in cats is difficult, especially in patients with severe shortness of breath, and limits the diagnostic evaluation. Chest x-rays are considered the standard diagnostic test, but the results are sometimes ambiguous and the process of obtaining the x-rays can increase respiratory distress in the animal. According to the results of the study, it was established, that ultrasound examination of the lungs can be used to differentiate the causes of shortness of breath (cardiogenic and non-cardiogenic) with sufficiently high sensitivity and specificity and less influence of the iatrogenic factor on the development of respiratory distress in cats, compared to chest radiography

The work is devoted to the search for new biologically active substances in a series of alkylamides of dihydroquinoline-3-carboxylic acid. Analgesic properties of 30 newly synthesized substances were studied, which made it possible to identify the leader compound (provisional name alkylcarb) and recommend its effectiveness for further research as an antispasmodic agent for pain relief. It has been established experimentally, that the substance alkylcarb exhibits concentration-dependent vasodilatory properties in vitro on segments of the thoracic aorta of rats. The data, obtained in the work, justify the prospect of using the leader substance as a new analgesic and antispasmodic drug. The research expands and deepens knowledge about the pharmacological properties of alkylamide derivatives of dihydroquinoline-3-carboxylic acid.
 The aim of the work was to conduct screening studies to establish the analgesic activity of a newly synthesized series of chemical compounds among alkylamides of dihydroquinoline-3-carboxylic acid and to study the myotropic spasmolytic activity of the leader substance.
 Materials and methods. Analgesic properties of alkylamides of dihydroquinoline-3-carboxylic acid were studied on outbred white mice in the "acetic acid convulsions" test. During the experiment, the animals were treated in accordance with the International Principles of the European Convention for the Protection of Vertebrate Animals Used for Experiments and Other Scientific Purposes (Strasbourg, March 18, 1986). The studied substances were administered intragastrically to experimental animals at a dose of 10 mg/kg in the form of a finely dispersed aqueous suspension, stabilized with Tween-80. Voltaren at a dose of 8 mg/kg, recommended for preclinical studies, and analgin at a dose of 50 mg/kg were chosen as reference drugs.
 The studies of the contractile activity of smooth muscle vessels were carried out on segments of the thoracic aorta of rats of both sexes weighing 180-200 g. The studies of dilator reactions were carried out against the background of preliminary contraction with phenylephrine at a concentration of 10-6 mol/l. The antispasmodic efficiency of the new compound was determined in comparison with the classic antispasmodic drotaverine.
 The statistical processing of the results was carried out using the package of statistical analysis of electronic spreadsheets Exel, with the help of the program "Statgraphics Plus v. 3.0.” and the standard package of statistical programs "Statistica, V. 6.0". We used the Student's test, a non-parametric analog of univariate variance analysis - the Kruskal-Wallis test, and the Mann-Whitney test. Differences were considered statistically significant at p<0.05.
 Results. The study of the analgesic activity of substances АO1-АO30 in the "acetic acid convulsion" test in mice showed that a compound АO26 (provisional name alkylcarb) has the most pronounced analgesic activity when administered intragastrically. In the "acetic acid convulsion" test, alkylcarb (10 mg/kg, per os) probably reduces the number of convulsions, caused by acetic acid. The level of activity of this compound is comparable to the activity of diclofenac (8 mg/kg, per os) and exceeds analgin (50 mg/kg, per os). The substance alkylcarb relieved vasospasm at the level of the comparison drug drotaverine in in vitro experiments on a model of an isolated fragment of the thoracic aorta of rats against the background of previous constriction with phenylephrine.
 Conclusion. Today, the search for new highly effective non-opioid analgesics is an urgent problem of modern pharmacology, since painkillers used in clinical practice do not meet the requirements of efficiency and safety. In this regard, in recent years, scientists of the National Pharmaceutical University have been intensively searching for new, highly effective substances with antinociceptive, anti-inflammatory and antipyretic effects among alkylamides of dihydroquinoline-3-carboxylic acid.

The aim: study of the effectiveness of environmentally safe disinfectants against P. aeruginosa and pathogens of the main bacteriosis of poultry at test facilities. Materials and methods. To study the antimicrobial action of the investigated disinfectants against a mixture of epizootic cultures of E. coli, P. aeruginosa, S. aureus, S. typhimurium, isolated from poultry, bacteriological studies were carried out on test objects: galvanized iron, wooden bars (painted and unpainted), red brick, cutouts from plaster, size 10 × 10 cm. Results. The working solutions of the new disinfectant "Dezsan" were studied in comparison with the control agents: "Virocid" and "Bi-dez" at a concentration of 0.01; 0.1; 0.25; 0.5; 1; 1.5 % in relation to suspension cultures of E. coli, P. aeruginosa, S. aureus, S. typhimurium. In this case, it was established, that the "Dezsan" agent showed an antimicrobial effect on rough test objects after exposure for 3 hours at a concentration of 0.1 %, and at a concentration of 0.25 % - for 1 hour. On smooth surfaces, the agent neutralized bacterial cultures at a concentration of 0.1 % after exposure for 1 hour. The preparation "Bi-dez" at a concentration of 0.25 % was effective on smooth surfaces after exposure for 1 hour, on rough surfaces (brick, plaster) - at a concentration of 0.5 % after exposure for 3 hours or more. The working solution of 1 % concentration neutralized bacterial cultures on all types of surfaces after exposure for 1 hour or more. "Virocid" agent after exposure for 1 hour neutralized bacterial cultures on smooth surfaces in concentrations of 0.25 % and higher; on rough surfaces, the growth of cultures was not detected when using a 0.5 % solution. Conclusions. Environmentally safe disinfectants "Dezsan" and "Shumerske sryblo" compared to the control ones ("Bi Dez" and "Virotsid") show an active antimicrobial effect at a concentration of 0.25 % and 3 %, respectively, against the suspension of epizootic cultures of E. coli, P. aeruginosa, S. aureus and S. typhimurium on different types of production surfaces, which justifies the feasibility of their use based on the principle of rotation of disinfectants for the prevention of bacterial pseudomonosis of poultry

The aim: to determine the effectiveness of aerosol prophylaxis of nonspecific bronchopneumonia in calves by using a complex of biogenic compounds of macro- and microelements and plant immunomodulator Echinacea in the form of the drug Kalfmin on production indicators. Materials and methods. The research was conducted in the farm "Podilsky owner 2004", v. Velyka Medvedivka, Shepetivka district, Khmelnitsky region on black-spotted calves, which were in the risk group for bronchopneumonia, taking into account certain technological components, namely – stress due to regrouping of animals, some adjustment of their feeding rations, some excess concentration of livestock animals in groups and other factors. Results. The results of studies indicate a high therapeutic efficacy for the use of the drug "Kalfmin" group aerosol method in the treatment of patients with calf bronchopneumonia, as this drug enters the body in the same way as pathogens. It was found, that 40 % of calves in the control group, which did not receive preventive measures, have clinical signs of bronchopneumonia, and 10 % of cases were fatal. At the same time, signs of bronchopneumonia were found in only 10 % of calves in the experimental groups, who received aerosol prophylaxis according to the experimental scheme; their course was much easier and without fatal consequences. Conclusions. Prevention of bronchopneumonia in young cattle should be comprehensive and aimed at eliminating violations of the technology of keeping, feeding and increasing the resistance of animals. Group aerosol prevention of nonspecific bronchopneumonia in calves using the drug Calfmin in combination with the plant immunomodulator Echinacea is a more promising and effective method of preventing this pathology compared with the use of turpentine, lactic acid and chlorinated lime. The use of the drug Kalfmin in combination with Echinacea is characterized by 1.60 time’s higher efficiency and 1.70 times shorter period of prevention of animals

Breeding young cattle is important, especially during the transition period from dairy feeding to concentrated dry feed. The paper presents the results of the use of biogenic metal nicotinates for weaning calves to improve metabolism in animals. The aim of research. To investigate the effect of biogenic metal nicotinates: Zn, Cu, Fe, Co, Mn on the biochemical parameters of blood in calves after weaning. Materials and methods. The study was carried out during 2021 in the conditions of LLC "Agrofirma Lan", Sumy region, Sumy district, Kindrativka, Ukraine for breeding young cattle. The calves of the experimental group were given compound feed and a premix of nicotinates of biogenic metals: Zn, Cu, Fe, Co, Mn, manufactured by PPronos Agro" (1 g per 1 kg of feed). In the control group, combined feed and a premix with metal sulfates were used for 30 days. Results. An increase in the level of total protein in the body of calves of the experimental groups was established by 16.12 % in comparison with the control (p≤0.05). Also, in experimental animals, the activity of the enzymes alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase was higher than the physiological norm, which shows an insignificant effect of nicotinates of biogenic metals on internal organs and systems. In the experimental group of calves, the level of magnesium was probably higher by 52.38 % and potassium – by 14.94 % compared to the control group (p≤0.05). It was found that the animals of the experimental groups probably had more zinc by 34.96 %; copper – by 35.72 %; iron – by 92.29 %; manganese – by 41.13 %; selenium – by 3.22 % and cobalt – by 98.33 % compared to the control (p≤0.05). Conclusions. The positive effect of the use of biogenic metal nicotinates on the metabolism of calves at weaning has been proven. It was found that the level of total protein in the body of calves of the experimental groups was probably higher by 16.12 %, magnesium - by 52.38 %; potassium - by 14.94 %. When determining the content of inorganic substances, it was found that the animals of the experimental groups probably had more zinc by 34.96 %; copper – by 35.72 %; iron – by 92.29 %; manganese – by 41.13 %; selenium – by 3.22 % and cobalt – by 98.33 % compared to the control (p≤0.05)

«Kolidev 8M» (powder for oral use) is a veterinary drug used to treat ornamental birds (pheasants, peacocks) in diseases of the digestive tract caused by microorganisms sensitive to colistin. In the study of the drug «Kolidev 8M» for oral administration, along with the confirmation of therapeutic properties, it is necessary to determine the LD50 obtained in the process of studying acute toxicity. The aim of research. The aim of research was to determine the acute toxicity of the veterinary drug «Kolidev 8M» (powder for oral administration) under the conditions of intragastric administration to white mice. Materials and methods of research. To achieve this aim, an experiment was conducted on 114 males of nonlinear white mice kept under optimal conditions in the vivarium of DEVIE LLC (Rivne, Ukraine). In the first series of experiments on the principle of analogues was formed control and three experimental groups of 6 animals each (n=6). The drug in the form of a solution was administered once orally using a esophageal gastric tube in doses of 500,0; 2000,0 and 4000,0 mg/kg body weight by absolute weight of the drug. The animals of the control group were injected with distilled water. After taking into account the results of the first experiment in the next experiment, 6 experimental groups were formed – mice, which were administered the drug «Kolidev 8M» in the form of a solution in doses (by absolute weight of the drug) – 500,0; 1000,0; 1500,0; 2000.0; 2500,0; 3000,0; 3500 and 4000,0 mg/kg body weight, as well as the control group – animals that were injected with distilled water with a volume of 0.5 cm3 according to similar regulations (Zapadniuk, 1983; Kotsiumbas, 2005; Karkyshchenko & Hrachev, 2010). There were 6 animals in each group (n=6). After their death, a pathological autopsy was performed (Zharov A. et al., 2003). The average lethal dose of LD50 was calculated by the method of probit analysis by Prozorovsky V.B. Research results. According to the results of research, it was found that the LD50 of the drug «Kolidev 8M» (powder for oral administration) under the conditions of its single intragastric administration to male mice is 2024,72±232,45 mg/kg, LD10 – 392,87 mg/kg, LD16 – 751,56 mg/kg, LD84 – 3297,88 mg/kg, LD90 – 3656,57 mg/kg, LD100 – 3934,47 mg/kg body weight, respectively. According to the results of an acute toxicological experiment with intragastric administration of the drug «Kolidev 8M» to white male mice, LD50 was 2024,72±232,45 mg/kg body weight. This allows, according to toxicity, to refer this drug to class IV – low-toxic substances (LD50 501,0-5000,0 mg/kg body weight), and the degree of danger to class III – moderately safe substances (LD50 151,0-5000,0 mg/kg body weight). Conclusions and prospects for further research. The drug «Kolidev 8M» in terms of toxicity belongs to class IV – low-toxic substances, and the degree of danger to class III – moderately safe substances. Further studies will be the next stage of pre-registration trials aimed at studying the subacute toxicity of the drug «Kolidev 8M»