The purpose of the research is to study the biochemical composition, physical-and-chemical peculiarities of ether oils of dragonhead, hyssop, monarda and to determine their biological activity. Materials and methods. Vegetative raw materials of dragonhead, hyssop, monarda were taken during the flowering period. The component composition of ether oils was studied at a gas chromatograph “Crystal 2000” with a flame-ionization detector. Components of ether oils were identified by the time of substance keeping of the standards of Fluka, Merck, Sigma companies. The allelopathic activity of ether oils, citral, thymol, pinecamferol was studied by the bio-tests method. Results. The component composition of ether oils of scarlet monarda (Monarda didyma L), Moldavian dragonhead (Dracocephalum moldavicum L.), hyssop (Hyssopus officinalis L.) as valuable aromatic plants of polyfunctional value was studied and their physical-and-chemical parameters were determined. The main component of ether oil of hyssop plant was pinecamferol (84.68 %). The following compounds of terpenic nature as citral (49.9 %), geranilacetal (43.9 %) are found in ether oil of Moldavian dragonhead. Terpenic compounds of ether oils of scarlet monarda were represented by aromatic alcohols of thymol - 41,56 %. Growth processes of spring barley seedlings were slowed down while using oils synthesized from the vegetative material of all studied varieties at a concentration of 0.1 mcl (by 8.4-86.0 %), besides that hyssop oil had the least inhibitory effect. Concentrations of 0.1-1.0 mcl (92.74-98.85 %) especially in the variants with Moldavian dragonhead oil had the maximum impact on the development of garden-cress. Conclusions. The connection of biological activity with the component composition of ether oils of studied representatives and their chemically pure basic components was analyzed. The high biological activity of the studied substances, which may be a regulator of the structure and functions of individual components of the ecosystem under natural conditions, was proved. The received results indicate the prospect for further study of the peculiarities of ether oils of three varieties of studied plants of Lamiaceae Lindl family - Hyssopus officinalis L., Monarda didyma L., Dracocephalum moldavicum L., where aromatic substances dominate

Зважаючи на надзвичайно високі показники поширеності, ранню інвалідизацію та смертність від захворювань, пов'язаних з порушенням функціонування системи гемостазу, пошук нових підходів щодо профілактики та лікування цих станів є актуальним питанням сучасної біохімії. Відомо, що активні компоненти отрути рептилій активно використовуються у терапії даних недуг, однак дослідження впливу секрету шкірних залоз амфібій на систему гемостазу досі не були проведені. Ще менше науково обґрунтованої інформації можна зустріти щодо природи та механізмів дії біологічно-активних компонентів секрету шкірних залоз представників вітчизняної фауни. Тому метою даної роботи було оцінити вплив секретів шкірних залоз представників класу земноводних, поширених на території України, на функціонування коагуляційної ланки системи гемостазу.Методи. Було отримано секрети шкірних залоз десяти найпоширеніших українських видів амфібій: B. bombina, B. variegata, B. bufo, B. viridis, R. temporaria, P. ridibundus, P. esculentus, P. fuscus, S. salamandra та гібриду B. bombina та B. variegatа. Час зсідання плазми крові у тестах активований частковий тромбопластиновий час (АЧТЧ), протромбіновий час (ПЧ), тромбіновий час (ТЧ), за дії секретів шкірних залоз досліджуваних видів амфібій, визначали in vitro та фіксували на коагулометричному аналізаторі (Rayto RT-2201C, Китай), використовуючи стандартні набори реагентів (RENAM, Російська Федерація).Результати. Було встановлено, що компоненти секретів шкірних залоз амфібій видів B. bombina, B. variegata, їх гібриду, R. temporaria та P. ridibundus подовжували час утворення фібринового згустку у тесті АЧТЧ. Компоненти секретів шкірних залоз амфібій видів B. viridis, P. esculentus, P. fuscus та S. salamandra продовжували час зсідання плазми у тесті ТТ.Висновки. Отримані результати можуть бути обумовлені наявністю у секретах шкірних залоз досліджуваних видів амфібій інгібіторів певних факторів коагуляційного гемостазу, або можуть бути пов'язані з посиленням деградації компонентів коагуляційного гемостазу активними компонентами секретів. Такі результати доводять, що секрети земноводних є потенційним джерелом пошуку сполук-ефекторів системи гемостазу, що вказує на перспективність подальших досліджень у напрямку ідентифікації активних молекул та деталізації механізмів їх дії, з метою подальшого застосування цих сполук як основи для розробки нових, більш ефективних фармацевтичних агентів направленої дії

Aims: The detection of chromosome type aberrations outcome in oncogynecological patients during radiation therapy depending on the irradiation regime.Methods: The group of 36 oncogynecological patients was examined before treatment, in the middle and at the end of external gamma-radiotherapy 60Со on ROCUS-AM and megavolt therapy on linear accelerator Clinac 600C. Lymphocytes were cultivated by conventional technique during 50 – 54 hours. Chromosome type aberrations were detected with the classical cytogenetic analysis.Results of research: The chromosome type aberrations changes in lymphocytes of oncogynecological patients during external gamma-radiotherapy 60Со on ROCUS-AM and megavolt therapy on linear accelerator Clinac 600C were demonstrated. The excess of chromosome type cytogenetic damage over spontaneous level was shown in patients before treatment. Quite monotonic increase of chromosome type aberrations frequency from the start to the end of radiotherapy course in both groups was found. However the pace of chromosome type aberrations increase was different depending on the irradiation regime and more pronounced in oncogynecological patients undergoing gamma-therapy 60Со. The range of cells with unstable chromosome aberrations expanded during the radiotherapy course. In the middle of the radiotherapy cells with 1 – 7 aberrations per cell in both groups were observed. At the end the number of damages per aberrant cell varied from 1 to 11 in ROCUS-AM patients and from 1 – 9 in patients after megavolt therapy on a linear accelerator. The distribution of the chromosome type aberrations among cells was found to be over-dispersed according to Poisson statistic in both studied groups at the middle and at the end of the radiotherapy course.Conclusion: The study of the radiation-induced aberrations revealed the similar and different features of cytogenetic damages accumulation in patient groups depending on the regime of irradiation. The study results revealed the absence of the expected larger genotoxic effect on the patients’ lymphocytes due to treatment on a linear accelerator in comparison with the ROCUS-AM, despite of the difference in the exposure energy. The data obtained are particularly important for a correct assessment of the local fractionated irradiation effects in the non-tumor patient cells

Структура хроматину на найвищих рівнях його організації, залишаючись не до кінця зрозумілою, привертає велику увагу, оскільки лежить в основі регуляції функціональних процесів в ядрах еукаріотичних клітин. Важливим аспектом цієї організації є наявність відносно автономних структурних елементів – петельних доменів хроматину. Одним з найефективніших методів дослідження просторової структури хроматину є метод Ні-С. Біоінформатичні бази даних містять великі масиви даних Ні-С, які не були детально проаналізовані. Зокрема, не було проведено детальний аналіз розмірів петель та закономірностей їх розташування у певних хроматинових зонах ядра (транскрипційно активних чи неактивних ділянках), залишається невідомим, як змінюється і чи змінюється взагалі щільність та розміри петель в залежності від функціональної активності хроматинових ділянок.Мета дослідження полягала у з'ясуванні особливостей розподілу петельних доменів хроматину за розміром та функціональним станом у клітинах з різною функціональною активністю.Матеріали та методи: біоінформатичний аналіз даних, отриманих методом Ні-С, депонованих у загальнодоступних базах даних.Результати: отримано розподіли петельних доменів хроматину за довжиною у клітинах різних типів, розподіл петельних доменів по різних компартментах хроматину в лімфобластоїдних клітинах GM12878 та розподіли за довжиною у межах цих компартментів, а також проаналізовано зміни у розподілі петель за довжиною при активації лімфоцитів миші.Висновки: розподіл петельних доменів хроматину за розміром має експоненційний характер, параметри розподілу є клітино-специфічними, більша частина петель розташована в межах еухроматинових зон, а підвищення транскрипційної активності клітини супроводжується зростанням кількості петель при одночасному підвищенні їхньої середньої контурної довжини

Pseudomonas aeruginosa is one of the main pathogens of nosocomial infections. High resistance of P. aeruginosa to modern antimicrobial agents leads to the decrease in the effectiveness of antibiotic chemotherapy and the need to search for new active compounds. Adamantane derivatives with a wide range of biological activity can be considered as a promising class of substances with an antimicrobial effect. Aim. In the present study, our purpose was to examine susceptibility and ultrastructural alterations of P. aeruginosa cells under the influence of 4-(1-adamantyl)-phenoxy-3-(N-benzyl, N-dimethylamino)-2-propanol chloride (compound KVM-97). Materials and methods. The antimicrobial activity assay of tested compound against bacteria of genus Pseudomonas was determined by serial dilution test in broth. Bacterial cells were exposed to the 0.5 MIC and 2.0 MIC of the KVM-97 for 1, 3, 6 and 24 h. Ultrastructure of intact and treated P. aeruginosa cells was examined by transmission electron microscopy after contrasting by uranyl acetate and lead citrate. Results. It was shown, that compound KVM-97 inhibited Pseudomonas spp growth at concentration 2.5 μg/ml. Examination of P. aeruginosa ultrastructure using electron microscopy showed that the cell and cytoplasmic membrane were damaged in the presence of KVM-97 (invaginations, ruptures) with followed disorganization of cell contents, lysis and cell death. These changes are dose-dependent, they are registered after 1 hour of exposure with the compound and intensified with the time of incubation. Conclusions. A study carried out with KVM-97 has shown that the compound possesses significant inhibitory activity against tested bacterial strains. The detected ultrastructural alterations of P. aeruginosa suggest the possible mechanism of action of 4-(1-adamantyl)-phenoxy-3-(N-benzyl, N-dimethylamino)-2-propanol chloride due to its influence on the membrane apparat in bacterial cell

The aim of current research was to make the hygienic assessment of sanitary and chemical indicators of potable tap water quality in Ukraine in regions with the shortage of potable water, where drinking water is used from underground low-quality sources or the big water pipelines. While conducting the research, the following methods were used: sanitary-chemical, hygienic monitoring, and mathematical statistics. It was determined, that the groundwater and hybrid water supply are used for provision of shallow water regions with potable tap water. In some regions of Ukraine, the water of centralized supply of drinking water from underground sources is of inadequate quality, which is due to the following indicators: nitrates, fluorine, dry residue, total hardness, chlorides, sulfates, iron, and manganese. Quantity of indicators for groundwater, which levels doesn’t meet the hygienic requirements, can vary from 1-2 to 6-8, in average - 6 indicators. Detected exceedances of maximum permitted hygienic requirements reach up to 2-4,6 times. With the use of combined water supply in the drinking water of consumers of the Communal Enterprise Berdyanskvodokanal maximum content was detected: nickel -10MAC, selen-5MAC, permanganate demand — 1,2MAC (before transporting by the big water pipeline, dry residue — 3,5MAC, total hardness—3,9 MAC, sulfates — 7,8MAC, colour — 2MAC, permanganate demand — 1,4 MAC (because of the water pollution in local surface water source). Reasonability of membrane technologies implementing for potable tap water purification has been proved. For the purpose of solving the crisis in the sphere of potable water supply considering the European legislation, the following actions need to be taken: to improve the national water legislation on water bodies protection from pollution and on assessment of potable water quality, as well as to implement the efficient modern technologies of water treatment and equip the measuring laboratories

Aim. Revelation of the influence of ammonia from surface water supply sources on formation of their toxicity, determined by indices of motor activity of young lacustrine frogs (Rana ridibunda Pallas, 1771).Methods. Biotesting was conducted by the method of «time sampling» with preliminary exposure of individuals for 12 hours (n=30) in test samples of water, taken from the Denishevsky water storage basin and Otsechne water intake of the river Teterev and also in samples of settled water from water pipe as a control. The indices of water toxicity were calculated by reactions of typical and non-typical activity of individuals. The ammonia content was determined by the photometric method with Nessler reagent. The correlation and regression analysis was realized by the standard computer program MO Excel 2003.Results. There are established the effects of the ammonia influence on the toxicity of test waters that is proved by the values of determination coefficients, received for 3-year period (R2 at level 0,3893 for the water storage basin and 0,2814 for water intake) and correlation (r of middle degree 0,6240 and 0,5305 respectively). There are constructed the graphs, expressed by the equations of rectilinear regression (y=52,535x+16,207 and y=50,917x+21,067), that gives a possibility to prognosticate toxicity levels of waters as to the ammonia content for the water storage basin and water intake.Conclusions. There were revealed the correlations of the indices of toxicity of the testing waters with the ammonia content that in 2014 (0,6939 – in the Denishevsky water storage basin and 0,6803 – in the Otsechne water intake) reached more degree than in 2012 (0,6413 and 0,4281) and 2013 (0,6556 and 0,5083) years, respectively that is conditioned by increasing ammonification processes. There was fixed a tendency of increasing the force of the ammonia influence (from 41,12 to 48,15 % in waters of the water storage basin and from 18,33 to 46,28 % – water intake) on the toxicity of these waters. In the 3-years period of the studies, there was testified the presence of the reliable ammonia influence of the toxicity of waters in the water storage basin at level 38,93 % (F=3,0811; p ≤0,05, ), and also its absence in the water intake 28,14 % (F=1,5663). There were given the equations of rectilinear regression and graphic images of the dependencies that allow to calculate the ammonia content (0,58 mg/dm3 and 0,64) at reaching 50 % level of water toxicity of lacustrine frogs

На сьогоднішній день є досить актуальними для медицини дослідження способів загального обезболювання, консервації крові тощо на основі введення організму у стан штучного гіпобіозу. Для детального дослідження даного стану, насамперед, необхідно детальніше дослідити гематологічні показники у стані штучного гіпобіозу та через 24 год після виходу з нього. Було показано значне підвищення еритроцитів і тромбоцитів, однак зменшення вмісту лейкоцитів

The work is devoted to the most important physiological and selective sign of winter soft wheat Triticum aestivum L. – vernalization.Aim. The main aim of the work was the study of trophic factor influence on the effectiveness of vernalization process.Methods. In experiments were used the varieties of winter wheat – Statna and Doridna. The contrasting conditions of trophic support were created by vernalization on integral seeds (control) and isolated buds (experiment) adding water and 3-% solution of saccharose during 45 days at temperature 3±1°С. In experiments there was studied the influence of contrasting trophic conditions of vernalization on the mitotic activity of root meristems of vernalized sprouts, their growth reaction and rates of ontogenetic development of plants, cultivated from vernalized sprouts. All experiments were carried out under conditions of vegetative experiment in factorostatic chamber of the department of physiology and biochemistry of plants and microorganisms of Kharkiv national university, named after V.N. Karazin.Results. According to the results of researches, it was established that the growth reaction of sprouts at vernalization depends on their variety specific characteristics and on trophic factors presence. It was demonstrated that 3% solution of saccharose at vernalization stimulates proliferative activity of root meristems of both winter wheat varieties but doesn’t influences the parameter – duration of mitosis phases. The presence of trophic factors in sprouts at vernalization conditions the speed of phenophases passage and transfer to generative development of both winter wheat varieties. The vernalized sprouts of Doridna variety are characterized with higher parameters of mitotic activity of root apical meristems, accumulation of biomass of sprouts at vernalization influence and longer vegetative period comparing with Statna.Conclusion. The trophic conditions of vernalization process cause proliferative activity of meristems, growth reaction of sprouts and speed of transfer to generative development that is effectiveness of vernalization

The regulation of the natural channel of Dnipro, which beginning took place in the first half of fifties of previous century, caused the cardinal worsening of hydrobiocenosis condition of Dnipro-Bugh mouth system. The transformational processes that last till today are attended with the changes of main biological characteristics of ichthyocenosis, where sardelle - Clupeonella cultriventris (Nordmann, 1840) was always the most numerous representative of herring. In this connection the aim of research was formed – to analyze the main morphological features of sardelle from Dnipro-Bugh mouth system under modern conditions, to compare them with the literary data of previous century and to trace the possible changes of body proportions in time. At that the certain attention was paid to detection of sex dimorphism in herd. For attaining the set aim, the correspondent volume of scientific-research works was carried out using the methods and instructions, generally recognized in ichthyological practice. The morphological changeability was determined by Student t-criterion (t d ) taking into account the actual volume of sampling (n)and significance level (р<0,05). The analysis of meristic signs of sardelle demonstrated that the fin formulas are the following: D – ІІІ-ІV (М=3,46±0,06) 7-12 (М=9,67±0,18); A – ІІІ-ІV (М=3,44±0,06) 10-18 (М=13,06±0,22); P - 11-17 (М=13,17±0,16); V – 6-11 (М=8,60±0,15); С ІІ (IV) (М=2,09±0,05) 19-26 (М=21,93±0,16), and the number of abdominal spinules is 24—28 (М=25,94±0,16). It was established, that the most essential changes of body proportions in sardelle in the process of Dnipro channel transformation take place by the indices of anteventral distance (t d =10,06; р<0,05) and breast fins length(t d =10,99; р<0,05). The existence of sex dimorphism in herd was proved. Among 20 analyzed plastic signs the reliable difference was revealed by 12 indices, but it was more significant by the most body height, antepectral distance and abdominal fins length – t d =4,5-6,8 (р<0,05)