Pemeriksaan ureum, kreatinin dan klirens kreatinin adalah pemeriksaan untuk monitoring fungsi ginjal seseorang. Pemeriksaan ini dapat dilakukan pada laboratorium pratama dengan akses yang terjangkau. Pemeriksaan albumin urin sebagai petanda dini dari komplikasi mikrovaskuler pada DM. albuminuria relative mahal dan tidak semua laboratorium dapat melaksanakan pemeriksaan ini, sehingga penelitian ini diharapkan dapat memberikan alternatif deteksi komplikasi nefropati diabetikum pada penderita DM. Membuktikan adanya hubungan ureum, kreatinin dan klirens kreatinin dengan proteinuria pada penderita DM. Harapannya pemeriksaan fungsi ginjal dapat dilaksanakan rutin pada pusat pelayanan kesehatan 1 untuk mendeteksi dini komplikasi nefropati pada penderita Diabetes Mellitus. Desain observasional analitik dengan pendekatan belah lintang ( cross sectional ). Responden 35 orang DM dilakukan pemeriksaan ureum dan kreatinin metoda enzimatik, Klirens kreatinin dengan perhitungan cockroft gault formula dan proteinuria dengan pemeriksaan albumin urin metoda immuno chromatografi. Hubungan antar variabel dianalisis dengan uji korelasi Pearson. Terdapat hubungan antara kadar ureum, kreatinin, klirens kreatinin dengan proteinuria (p=0,298;0,386;0,382).Komplikasi DM mikrovaskuler yang terjadi akibat kerusakan glomerulus menyebabkan sejumlah protein darah diekskresikan ke dalam urin secara abnormal. Protein utama yang diekskresikan adalah albumin. Peningkatan kadar albumin dalam urin merupakan tanda awal adanya kerusakan ginjal oleh karena diabetes. Terdapat hubungan sinifikan antara ureum, kreatinin dan klirens kreatinin dengan proteinuria pada pasien Diabetes Mellitus.

Fitoplankton di laut berperan sebagai pembentuk dasar dari rantai makanan melalui produksi primer. Keberadaan fitoplankton sangat terkait dengan faktor fisika kimia perairan. Umumnya kondisi lingkungan perairan memiliki perbedaan konsentrasi di wilayah permukaan dan di perairan yang lebih dalam. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui dinamika planktonik di sekitar wilayah penelitian meliputi kelimpahan, dan komposisi fitoplankton serta kondisi fisika kimia perairan di wilayah perairan permukaan dan termoklin. Penelitian dilakukan pada bulan Oktober 2015, pada delapam lokasi penelitian. Sampling plankton dilakukan pada 2 kolom air yang berbeda, yaitu di kedalaman permukaan dan pada lapisan termoklin. Air sampel diambil dengan menggunakan Rosette sampler , kemudian disaring dengan menggunakan hand plankton net ukuran mata jaring 20 µm. Filtrat yang terkumpul di bucket lalu dimasukkan ke dalam botol sampel 250 ml dan difiksasi dengan formaldehyde 4%. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa di perairan Maluku ditemukan Bacillariophyceae (14 marga) dan Dinophyceae (6 marga). Terdapat kondisi parameter perairan yang berbeda pada kedalaman yang berbeda, khususnya untuk nitrat, fosfat, silikat, oksigen terlarut (DO) dan pH. Nitrat, fosfat dan silikat memiliki nilai-nilai yang lebih tinggi pada kedalaman termoklin dibandingkan di perairan permukaan, sedangkan DO dan pH memiliki nilai yang lebih tinggi pada perairan permukaan dibandingkan kedalaman termoklin. Kata Kunci : Fitoplankton, kualitas air, permukaan perairan, kedalaman termoklin, p erairan Maluku .

PCR-based markers and evaluation of physicochemical properties should be addressed for the improvement of rice varieties with good eating dan eating quality (EQ). This study aimed to examine the genetic diversity of rice varieties based on DNA markers related to physicochemical properties determining EQ. A total of 46 rice varieties consisting of 22 japonica varieties and 24 indica varieties were examined using 43 PCR-based markers. The results showed that polymorphic information content (PIC) ranged from 0.04 to 0.38, in support of genetic diversity indices which ranged from 0.04 to 0.50 across total markers. Pairwise genetic similarity matrix ranged from 0.40 to 0.98 with the closest genetic distance was observed between two japonica varieties (Dongjin and Hwaseong) and the most distant one was between japonica and indica (Onnuri/Manmi with Cigeulis/Fatmawati). The unweighted neighbor-joining tree clustered the rice varieties into two major clades, indica and japonica, and subsequent subclades were differentiating according to the individual genetic background. The genetic diversity of rice from different subspecies and DNA markers for EQ can effectively be utilized for basic information and marker-assisted selection (MAS) for the development of improved varieties with good EQ in rice breeding program.

Brucea javanica (L) Merr is a local plant used traditionally for diabetic medication in Lombok Island. The B. javanica seed has been recognized to have an antidiabetic effect, while the impact of the leave extract was understudied. The purpose of this research was to determine the effect of B. javanica leaves infusion on the blood glucose level of alloxan-induced diabetic rats. B. javanica leaves extract were applied by soaking leaves into hot water (95°C) to obtain the extract concentration of 5% (w/v). This experiment provides four treatments to rats within 15 days with five replicates for each treatment. The treatments for rats were K1 a positive control, K2 a negative control, K3 a healthy control, and P1 treated with leave infused water. The diabetic condition for K1, K2, and P1 was induced with an intravenous injection of 125 mg/kgBW alloxan monohydrate to the rats. After stable diabetic condition, K1 rats were treated with Glibenclamide (0,25 mg/kgBW), K2 rats were untreated, P1 rats were administered with leaves infused water of B. javanica (L) Merr 3 ml/day. K3 rats were uninduced and untreated. The hypoglycemic effect was observed by estimating the fasting blood glucose level of the rats every three days. After 15 days of treatments, P1 rats blood glucose level reduced by the 13,30%, while K1 rats 22,04%. The decrease in blood glucose level of both K1 and P1 rats have not reached the average blood glucose level of healthy rats. The result of the statistical analysis showed the infused extract effect was not significantly differed compared to positive control (P < 0.05).

Batang Gadis River, located in Mandailing Natal, faces a severe threat by the increase of human activities along the river. The fish community, as well as other biotas, is exposed to reducing environmental condition. Therefore, the study of fish community in this river is essential to get the most recent condition as a baseline data. The purpose of this research was to determine the species diversity of fish in Batang Gadis River of Mandailing Natal. This research used a descriptive exploratory method by surveying with purposive sampling method to collect samples at four specified stations. This study used a fishing net with a zig - zag pattern of sampling covered the river bank for about 200–300m at each observation station. The collected fish samples were identified at the Biology Laboratory of the University of Muhammadiyah Tapanuli Selatan. This study found ten species of fish from five families. The family with the most significant members was Cyprinidae (6 species), and the other families, Bagridae, Clariidae, Nemachelidae, and Loricariidae, were found with only one species. The species diversity comprised of Rasbora lateristriata, Nemacheilus fasciatus , Mystacoleucus marginatus , Tor tambra , Cyprinus carpio, Clarias bathracus , Rasbora argyrotaenia , Barbonymus gonionotus, Puntius binotatus, Bagrus nemurus, and Pterygoplichthys pardalis. The fish population of Batang Gadis River has diversity index ( H’ ) of 1.77 and similarity index (E) of 0.77.

Natural predators of mosquito larvae are known and used as biological control of the mosquito larvae of Aedes aegypti , one of them is a copepod, Mesocyclops aspericornis . The effectiveness of the biological control of Aedes aegypti larvae requires an efficient method to rear Mesocyclops aspericornis copepodite. This research aimed to determine the feasibility of various organic manures, i.e., cow dung (RKS), goat manure (RKK), and marmot manure (RKM) as aquaculture media of M. aspericornis copepodite. This experiment was conducted in the laboratory using a post-test only control group design. The group design consisted of 5 concentrations of 0%, 25%, 50%, 75%, and 100%, each with three replicates for each organic manure media. The statistical analyses showed each organic manure medium was not significantly affecting (p = 0.521) the copepod aquaculture. However, the concentration of the manure has a significant correlation with the number of copepodites raised (p = 0.001). Games-Howell test suggested the most effective manure concentration to rear M. aspericornis copepodite was 25%.

The objective of this study was to determine the diversity of the suborder Ensifera in Dusun 3, Rambah Hilir Tengah, Rambah Hilir Sub-District, Rokan Hulu District, Riau Province, Indonesia. The study was conducted from September 2015 to January 2016 at six sampling locations by sweep net and hand picking at day and night hours. We recorded 17 species of the Ensifera belonging to 12 genera, 2 families, and 10 subfamilies. The diversity comprised of Conochepalus maculatus, Conochepalus melaenus, Conochepalus sp., Elbenia sp., Elimaea sp., Euscyrtus concinnus, Hexacentrus unicolor, Loxoblemus parabolicus, Mecopoda elongate, Mecopoda sp., Nisitrus vittatus, Orthelimaea sp., Podoscirtinae species 1 (unidentified), Teleogryllus emma, Teleogryllus sp., Trellius sp. and Xabea sp. The C. maculatus and E. concinnus were the predominant species in this study.

Garlic commonly is consumed as medicine to prevent or heal illness or to maintain someone's health. Many societies prefer garlic (Allium sativum) among other herbal remedies for cholesterol treatment. It consists of several types, and one of them is single bulb garlic used to treat hypertension. There has been, however, no published research reporting the toxicological properties of single bulb garlic. The purpose of this study was to determine subchronic toxic effects of single bulb garlic administered to mice using hematological parameters. The experiment parameters were hemoglobin and hematocrit levels, the number of erythrocytes and leukocytes. Male mice (Mus musculus) strain Balb-C were treated with single bulb garlic extract for 28 days with dosage levels of 0% (N ), 0.25% (P1 ), 0.5% (P2 ), 1% (P3 ), and 2% (P4 ). Single bulb garlic showed no effect on hemoglobin and hematocrit levels but increased the number of erythrocyte and leucocyte. We concluded that single bulb garlic did not cause subchronic toxic effects.

Sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas L.) is one of alternative food sources beside than rice. Sweet potatoes are contains minerals, nutrients, sources of energy, protein, vitamins A and C. Sweet potatoes have lower productivity than rice and cassava. The low productivity of sweet potatoes due to several factors, which one of them is a leaf scab disease caused by pathogens Sphaceloma batatas Saw. The purpose of this study is to determine the character of the anatomy of sweet potato leaf cultivars that resistant and unresistant to the intensity of leaf scab disease, as well as the correlations between the anatomy character of sweet potato leaves with leaf scab disease intensity. The method used in this study is an experimental method with factorial completely randomized design. The first factor is the character of the anatomy of four cultivars sweet potato leaves, Cangkuang and Sukuh cultivars (cultivars resistant), cultivars Cilembu and Beta (unresistant cultivars). The second factor is the inoculation treatment S. batatas Saw. The parameters were observed thickness of cuticle, epidermis, mesophyll, the size (length and width) stomata, density of stomata and trikomata as well as the intensity of the disease were analyzed using analysis of variance (ANOVA). To determine the correlation between the anatomy character leaves with disease intensity using regression correlation analysis. The results showed that Cangkuang cultivar has cuticle, epidermis and mesophyll thickest. Beta cultivars have stomata size of the longest and widest. Cilembu cultivar has the highest density of stomata. Sukuh cultivars has the highest density. The anatomy characters include of a thick cuticle, epidermis, stomata size (length and width), as well as the density of stomata and trikomata correlated with intensity of leaf scab disease.

Penjalin Reservoir is located in Brebes Regency, Indonesia. Human activity around Penjalin Reservoir, such as irrigation, aquaculture, and sanitation can affect its water’s quality. Plankton can be used as bioindicator since its existence is heavily affected by water physical and chemical factors. Polluted waters can affect diversity and abundance of plankton. The purpose of this research were to determine waters quality of Penjalin Reservoir, to know plankton community structure (abundance, diversity, and domination), and pollution level of each sampling station based on plankton diversity. This research used survey method on 6 sampling stations covering inlet, middle of reservoir, and outlet with 3 replicates and 4 weeks interval. Water quality were analyzed descriptively based on criteria of PP No. 82 Tahun 2001. Abundance and diversity were estimated as Shanon-Wiener index. Domination were estimated as Simpson index. Plankton abundance values varies from 4,970.30 to 12,923.37 ind/l with the most abundant species was Tetraedon minimum. Diversity index (H’) were high with value around 3.28–3.55 and domination index were around 0.04–0.07. These diversity indexes showed that the water quality of Penjalin Reservoir were not polluted.