Liquid gallium exhibits a unique, geometrically structured surface that directly influences the diffusion and coalescence of metal solutes at its surface. The complex interplay between different chemical species and gallium's unusual interfacial properties remains poorly understood, yet it plays a crucial role in controlling dopant dynamics, with applications spanning catalysis, nanoscale fabrication, flexible electronics, and liquid metal batteries. Herein, large-scale simulations with ab initio-trained machine learning force fields reveal strikingly different interactions of Ag, Au, Bi, Li, Pt, and Sn with liquid gallium interfaces, including both liquid-vacuum and liquid-gallium oxide boundaries. For example, Bi dopants migrate strongly toward vacuum interfaces but are repelled by the oxide interface, while Au is repelled by both interfaces. The results have direct implications for applications involving doped liquid gallium systems, including optimizing Bi surface patterning in plasmonic and catalytic applications or the use of Li in liquid metal batteries. More broadly, these findings underscore the critical role of interfaces in modulating dopant dynamics, offering new pathways for tuning the properties and functionalities of liquid metal technologies.

Inhalable aerosols produced by nebulization offer a promising noninvasive route for lung drug delivery. Yet, high shear stresses during nebulization are highly detrimental to many complex biopharmaceuticals, such as lung surfactants, leading to degradation and further reducing their efficacy. Herein, to mitigate this issue, a novel soft nebulization approach with low‐energy input is proposed. Results demonstrate that the lung surfactant aerosolized by soft nebulization undergoes minimal structural alteration and retains its good surface activity in maintaining low surface tension, compared to vibrating mesh nebulization. Upon deposition at the air–liquid interface, the initial spreading of lung surfactant is driven by the Marangoni effect, followed by adsorption and reorganization of lamellar layers. Notably, the lung surfactant using soft nebulization promotes rapid spreading, similar to non‐nebulized surfactant, and remains robust under periodic compression–expansion cycles of the interface. The in vitro studies present a promising nebulization strategy for preserving both the surface activity and lamellar vesicle structures of surfactant‐based drugs, which could be key to enhancing their therapeutic effectiveness in aerosol drug delivery.

The real-space Berry curvature ( ) in magnetic materials has gained significant attention for its potential applications in chiral spintronic devices. manifests in chiral spin textures stabilized by the Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya interaction (DMI), which arises in inversion-asymmetric systems. Herein, the topological Hall effect (THE) in 2D ferromagnet Cr1+δTe2 as a function of the Cr intercalant (δ) is investigated. A nonlinear dependence of the THE amplitude induced by on δ is identified, originating from non-monotonic bulk inversion symmetry breaking via Cr self-intercalation. Density-functional theory calculations further reveal a strong correlation between THE amplitude and bulk DMI strength (E DMI), demonstrating both the mechanism of THE and the tunability of in Cr1+δTe2. Remarkably, Cr1.612Te2 exhibits the largest THE amplitude observed to date (2.75 μΩ⋅cm) in the Cr1+δTe2 family, which is a strong candidate for the highest THE amplitude, given its magnetic anisotropy and E DMI. Overall, by confirming the critical role of bulk DMI and magnetic anisotropy in engineering , the most efficient strategy for designing in 2D ferromagnetic materials through atomic-scale self-intercalation is proposed. These findings provide fundamental insights into the relationship between E DMI and THE in Cr1+δTe2 and offer a promising approach for designing high-performance chiral spintronic devices.

Understanding thermal energy transport at solid-liquid interfaces is critical for enhancing the performance of nano- or microscale systems. Although extensive studies have addressed the interfacial thermal resistance, known as Kapitza length, its impact on interfacial heat transfer from nanoscale to microscale remains limited. This study explores the Kapitza length at hydrophilic and hydrophobic solid-liquid interfaces under constant heat flux or overall temperature difference using nonequilibrium molecular dynamics simulations. The findings reveal that Kapitza length remains nearly constant under constant heat flux, while it is comparable to the liquid film thickness under constant overall temperature differences in both nano- and microscale systems. Notably, a giant Kapitza length of 1382 nm was found at a hydrophobic solid-liquid interface with a 1082 nm-thick liquid film. Upon comparing Kapitza length obtained from simulation with experimental results, three primary regimes of solid-liquid interfacial heat transfer are identified: phononic, transition, and conductive regimes. These insights highlight the substantial effect of Kapitza length on solid-liquid interfacial heat transfer from nano- to microscales, offering potential avenues for advanced thermal management in nano- or microscale systems.

Herein, the role of molecular engineering on the optoelectronic properties of antimony corroles with two distinct β-substituents and two different antimony oxidation states is studied. Insertion of a strong electron-withdrawing SCN group on the bi-pyrrole unit of the corrole increases the molecular dipole moment. Consequently, the dielectric constant is enhanced by up to threefold, reaching a value of 8 for antimony(V) tetra(thiocyano)corrole, significantly higher than any solution-processable organic semiconductor reported to date. Moreover, this SCN-substituted molecule also exhibits an increased charge carrier mobility by at least two orders of magnitude. A combination of suitable metallic oxidation state and SCN substitution is crucial in defining absorption, charge carrier mobility, and dielectric constant, all of which impact photovoltaic performance. The fluorescence quantum yield of the champion molecule increases by 300%, and the charge carrier lifetime is extended by twofold, indicating fewer nonradiative recombination pathways or a lower degree of disorder. Consequently, single-component photodetectors with white light responsivity as high as 10 A W-1, ranking among the best in single-component donor-based organic semiconductors, and a single-component solar cell fabricated from antimony(V) tetra(thiocyano)corrole that exhibits an open-circuit voltage of 0.7 V, at least three times higher than single-component poly(3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT)-based photovoltaic devices, are demonstrated.

Ethanol (EtOH) is a ubiquitous compound with critical applications across various industries, necessitating accurate and reliable sensing for sanitation, quality control, and environmental monitoring. Chromism-based sensors, known for their simplicity, portability, and real-time detection capabilities, have faced limitations in EtOH sensing due to insufficient sensitivity, low selectivity, irreversibility, and low color perception. Herein, a groundbreaking solvato/vapochromism-based EtOH sensor utilizing a Cu-based metal-organic framework (MOF) thin film, Cu-MOF-74, is reported. The conversion of Cu-based ceramics to Cu-MOF-74 facilitates the fabrication of solvato/vapochromic MOF thin films with low light scattering, enabling effective colorimetric analysis. The Cu-MOF-74 thin films demonstrate rapid and reversible solvato/vapochromism upon the adsorption of guest molecules, including water and EtOH. This unique behavior allows for the precise and reliable detection of EtOH across the entire concentration range. Furthermore, a smartphone application is developed to detect EtOH concentrations, enabling rapid and convenient evaluation of EtOH levels. The findings represent a significant advancement in EtOH sensing technology, overcoming the limitations of traditional methods. The Cu-MOF-74-based sensor offers a versatile and reliable solution for various applications, including environmental monitoring, process control, and healthcare.

While photothermoelectric (PTE) sensor sheets are potentially suitable for testing applications, such as nondestructive material identifications in ultrabroad millimeter-wave infrared bands, their device designs have primarily employed a single-material channel. Herein, PTE sensor sheets generally combine photoinduced heating with associated thermoelectric (TE) conversion phenomena, and the employment of a single-material channel regulates device operations by missing opportunities for fully utilizing their fundamental parameters. For this situation, this work develops all-solution-processable and freely coatable (paintable) hybrid PTE sensors by an effective combination of the channel structure with bismuth composite (Bicom) TE electrodes (Seebeck coefficient > 100 μV K-1) and efficient carbon nanotube film photothermal absorbers. This hybrid PTE sensor device stably forms its TE electrodes as easy-to-handle pastes of Bicom material powders with high Seebeck coefficients by effectively employing conductive solvents and surfactants. Following these material and process preparations, the hybrid PTE sensor functions in ultrabroadband regions beyond the conventional detectors with comparable sensitivities to the existing narrowband devices in individual ranges and provides diverse optical measurement opportunities. Indeed, the easy-to-handle device fabrication process and advantageous photodetection performances of the hybrid PTE sensor demonstrate high usability for nondestructive testing applications (noncontact inspections, panoramic 3D camera monitoring, and portable device setups).

Artificial cells serve as promising micro‐robotic platforms that replicate cellular features. One ubiquitous characteristic of living cells is compartmentalization of content in distinct and well‐defined locations. Herein, a microfluidic strategy to mimic compartmentalization is developed through the production of micron‐scale two and three compartment biomimetic microgels, where hydrogel compartment number, composition, size, and shape can be controlled. Our lab‐on‐chip system enables the incorporation of various synthetic organelles into spatially separated compartments within the microgels. This design concept allows for the introduction of a variety of individually triggered bioinspired behaviors, including protein capture, enzyme‐mediated content release, and stimuli‐triggered motility, each isolated in a distinct compartment enabling the use of the microgels as compartmentalized artificial cells. With this approach, the division of content and function seen in biological cells can be mirrored, which will underpin the generation of increasingly sophisticated and functional soft matter microdevices using bottom‐up synthetic biology principles.

Hydrogels with micro/nano‐structures precisely prepared by femtosecond‐laser processing technology are biomaterials that mimic the natural extracellular matrix and can achieve the precise regulation of biological properties, such as cell behavior and structural–mechanical properties. They also play a crucial role in biomedical fields such as regenerative medicine, bionanostructural construction, drug transport, and particle manipulation. This study summarizes the central role of the nonlinear absorption property of femtosecond lasers in the preparation of hydrogel micro/nano‐structures. Based on the electron‐dynamics model and electron‐density flood theory, the two main processing types of the femtosecond laser‐processed hydrogel, additive and subtractive manufacturing, are discussed in depth. The modification mechanisms such as the photon–electron energy‐field conversion, multiphoton absorption effect, and bubble‐driven bio‐link molding are analyzed. Additionally, the stimulus‐response diversification and functional biomimicry properties of the structural hydrogels under the influences of different laser action modes and hydrogel composition ratios are investigated for their biomedical applications, such as microactuators, drug delivery, microscaffolds, and the in vitro simulation of vascular networks. On this basis, the advantages and limitations of the current technology are summarized and a reasonable prediction for future research on the law of action of the femtosecond‐laser preparation of hydrogel micro/nano‐structures is made.

While bulk gold is well known to be diamagnetic, there is growing experimental and theoretical work supporting the formation of nano gold with unconventional magnetic properties. However, access to such magnetic gold nanoparticles at scale is limited. It is established that magnetic gold particles are readily accessible when exposing aqueous solutions of auric acid (H[AuCl4]) to UV irradiation (λ = 254 nm) under high shear in a vortex fluidic device (VFD), as a photo‐contact electrification process. Thin films of liquid in the VFD down to ≈200 μm thick are generated in a tilted rapidly rotating angled glass tube with induced mechanical energy imparted under high shear, which when exposed to UV, reduces Au3+ to elemental gold without the need for adding reducing agents, unlike in the conventional synthesis of nano gold particles. The use of magnetic force microscopy (MFM) is reported to show that VFD‐generated 2D gold sheets have magnetic gold nanoparticles embedded in them, with the material electron paramagnetic resonance active. A report is made on theoretical insights into the origin of the magnetism and that the material shows a dramatic enhancement of catalytic activity in the hydrogen generation reaction relative to using traditionally produced gold nanoparticles of comparable size.