Automatic classification of personality traits from text has been a challenging task. There are two crucial issues in conventional work. The first one is that it is not fully known how the amount of training data affects the performance of the classification although it is well known training a classifier requires a large amount of training data. The second one is how to prepare the training data for a specific language. The corpora annotated with personality trait labels are limited to a few languages (English has a corpus with personality trait, but Japanese does not). Therefore, we tried to use a machine translator to translate English sentences in the corpus annotated with the personality labels into Japanese and conducted a classification experiment. The experimental results of the first point suggested that the method with large number of parameters such as bidirectional LSTM showed high performance with large training data, while it rapidly degraded when the amount of training data was reduced. The second experiment showed that the BoW-based classifiers showed almost similar classification performance for translated Japanese text compared with the original English text, while the word-sequence-based method showed a little degradation.

Abstract International arbitration proceedings give rise to a variety of choice-of-law issues, particularly when you add the increasing implementation of digital technologies. The success of the economic collaboration between the counterparties of various jurisdictions depends on the choice-of-law by the parties in dispute. This article focuses on how to properly choose the applicable law in arbitrations for international commercial disputes in the Republic of Panama, adding the particularities of the increasing use of digital technologies. The author explores the nuances and specificities when parties have expressly chosen an applicable law to the dispute and the legal reasoning and theories behind properly selecting the law applicable when the choice-of-law by the parties is absent, considering different approaches such as conflict-of-law rules, the closest connection test, the cumulative method, international conventions, and transnational principles of laws.KeywordsApplicable lawClosest connection testConflict-of-law rulesCumulative methodInternational arbitrationPanamasubstantive lawTransnational legal systemsJEL CodesK33K40K12K39