Gold is a scarce type of global strategic resources. The gold industry needs to follow the trend of green, low-carbon, and intelligent development, and promote its high-quality development through green metallurgy. The development of green metallurgical technologies and the innovation in cyanide tailing treatment technologies are closely related and complementary, together constituting the core content for the green transformation of the gold industry. From the perspectives of resource constraints, environmental challenges, and scientific and technological application, this study analyzes the demand and industry overview of China's gold industry, sorts out the research and application progress of green technologies regarding gold metallurgy from both international and domestic perspectives, and further discusses the current status and technical application of cyanide tailing treatment in the gold industry. Considering the current status of the gold industry, the study identifies the development potentials of green gold metallurgy. Specifically, non-ferrous-associated gold smelting and secondary resource recycling are two important directions to break the limitations of traditional gold resources; high-end new materials are key for industrial upgrading under the manifestation of gold's scientific and technological attributes; intelligent transformation is a strategic path for the production mode innovation and efficiency improvement of the gold industry; and industrial integration and clustering is the preferred solution for ecological reconstruction and collaborative innovation of the industry. Furthermore, it is recommended to enhance the safe utilization and ecological consumption of gold cyanide tailings, strengthen the development of gold's scientific and technological attributes and high-end utilization, and promote the integrated development of non-ferrous metals and the gold industry, thereby ensuring the sustainable development of China's gold industry.

煤炭是我国能源安全的压舱石，与煤炭共伴生的矿产资源种类多、分布广泛、储量丰富、利用价值高，推进煤炭与共伴生矿产资源一体化绿色开发是新时期提高矿产资源开发利用效率、加快发展方式绿色转型、保障国家能源和资源安全的必然要求。本文系统梳理了煤炭与共伴生矿产资源的组合类型及分布特征，分析了煤炭与共伴生矿产资源开发的技术成熟度，总结了包括技术一体化、开发主体一体化、管理一体化、产业链一体化在内的4种典型开发模式，评价了经济、安全、生态三方面的开发效益，总结了当前在政策、技术、经济性等方面存在的关键问题。在此基础上，描绘了我国煤炭与共伴生矿产资源一体化绿色开发的发展蓝图，提出了“三步走”的发展目标，建立了涵盖一体化数字勘查设计技术、安全高效协同开发技术、智能绿色低碳技术的一体化绿色开发技术体系，构建了“四个推进，一个探索”的发展路径框架。研究建议，完善矿权管理制度、形成共探共采机制、加大科技创新投入、建立协同勘查开发激励机制，推进煤炭与共伴生矿产资源一体化绿色开发。

特种无人机指为满足军事国防、应急救援、特种工业等领域的特殊任务需求，专门设计、改装或配备特殊设备的专用无人机，拥有超越普通无人机的高机动、强适应与集成任务能力，在经济建设、国防安全等方面能够承担关键任务。本文从特种无人机装备的传统构型与创新构型两个维度出发，深入剖析了国内外特种无人机技术的研究现状与发展趋势，辨识了特种无人机在军事国防、应急救援、特种工业等领域中的典型任务能力需求及面临的挑战，进一步梳理了特种无人机技术体系，涵盖特种平台、智能控制、指控保障3个核心方向以及细分的技术类型。从发展布局统筹、未来研究方向两个层面提出了我国特种无人机技术与装备发展建议，以推进特种无人机装备深度融入并有力支撑国防现代化建设、经济社会高质量发展的战略目标。

太阳能飞机是一种完全由太阳能驱动的绿色新能源航空器，具有高空长航时飞行、灵活作业和零碳排放等优势，是全球航空航天业重点发展的新兴领域。本文系统调研了国内外太阳能飞机的发展现状，梳理了关键技术图谱与面临的挑战，包括先进气动设计技术、高效低成本太阳能电池技术、高能量密度储能电池技术以及高效宽工况推进技术。在此基础上，基于能量平衡和质量平衡原理，建立了太阳能飞机总体性能仿真模型，预测了各组件重量、可持续飞行高度和载重能力的未来演化趋势。研究表明，太阳能飞机的发展方向以长航时、高空飞行的太阳能无人机为主，在军事侦察、环境监测和中继通信等领域具有重要应用前景。结合技术分析与性能预测结果，论证提出了太阳能飞机近、中、远期的发展目标与重点任务，并从总体思路、技术攻关和体系建设3个层面提出了促进其持续、稳步、快速发展的发展建议，以期为我国太阳能飞机的领域布局和相关研究提供参考。

近年来，我国绿色发展势头良好，以细颗粒物（PM_2‍.5）年均浓度持续下降、重度及以上污染天数不断减少为标志的大气污染防治成效突出；然而大气污染防治的结构性、根源性压力依然存在，如PM_2‍.5二次成分占比上升、O₃浓度维持高位振荡态势，表明我国大气环境治理仍面临严峻挑战，亟需统筹应对多目标协同、多污染物协同控制、履行国际环境公约等压力。本文剖析了我国大气环境治理的基本形势，辨识出大气环境系统治理的理论创新不足、释放碳污治理协同增效潜力成为亟需、大气环境多尺度一体化治理策略有待构建等面临的突出挑战；进一步阐释了区域 ‒ 全球大气环境问题之间的相互作用，跨圈层多污染物、多介质过程的相互作用机制等大气环境问题的内在关联，提炼出由大气氧化性的基础理论与应用、大气环境系统治理的创新技术链构成的大气环境问题系统治理关键体系。建议开展国家大气环境系统治理的顶层设计、启动大气环境系统治理的科技创新项目、构建大气环境系统治理的管理机制、部署大气环境系统治理的行动计划，以科学推动我国大气环境问题系统治理，逐步增强大气环境人群健康与生态风险管控能力。

随着化石燃料资源的日益枯竭和全球环境挑战的加剧，微生物能源作为一种可持续、清洁的能源替代品，在保障国家能源安全和推动经济社会绿色转型中具有重要战略意义。本文系统分析了我国微生物能源产业的发展现状、技术突破及面临的挑战，揭示了其在优化能源结构、促进绿色发展中的关键作用。研究发现，我国在微生物燃料电池、微生物油脂生产和微生物乙醇技术等领域已取得显著进展，但仍面临原料创新、核心技术突破和能源效率提升等挑战。未来，需通过强化政策引导、加速关键技术研发、构建高效产业生态集群等举措，推动微生物能源产业高质量发展。具体而言，高质量发展需聚焦以下方向：在技术层面，突破代谢通路优化、电化学耦合等核心技术瓶颈；在产业层面，完善原料供应链、降低生产成本、提升规模化应用能力；在政策层面，健全法律法规体系，加大资金与人才支持。通过技术创新与产业升级，微生物能源有望成为我国新能源体系的重要组成部分，为实现“双碳”目标提供支撑，同时为全球能源可持续发展贡献中国智慧。

随着“三深”（深空、深海、深地）技术研究的不断深入，发现深海工程与深空探测存在诸多技术联系，研究深海工程技术在深空探测领域的应用将有利于助力“三深”技术发展。本文从对比深空与深海环境特征角度出发，揭示了深海工程与深空探测技术在压力、温度适应性方面存在一定相似性，进一步分别从结构安全性、复杂作业技术与装备、无人智能化与载荷小型化、试验场建设等方面展开了前瞻性探索。分析发现，地外空间物理特征的多样性十分突出，部分热点星球的空间环境与深海环境存在较强的相似性，具体体现在压力及腐蚀环境等方面，这使得深海结构物的设计与防腐技术具备向深空探测领域的移植性；同时深空探测对于装备的复杂控制、无人自动化程度需求与深海装备的目标是一致的，具体的装备研制技术具备互换基础；海底火山区以及南极冰下湖存在非常明显的类地外空间特征，面向深空探测具备建立试验场的环境条件，可作为未来深海试验场以及深空探测新型试验技术的研究方向。综上所述，随着深海与深空技术的不断发展，两者之间的技术互换以及跨域应用已经显现出较高的可能性，将深海工程技术充分地应用于深空探测领域，将助力我国深空探测装备更快发展。

环境工程微生物技术是生态文明建设的重要技术支撑。本文通过系统的横向对比评述，深入剖析了环境工程微生物技术在水处理、土壤修复、废气治理、固体废物处置以及通用技术等领域的研究进展与核心技术路径；研判了环境工程微生物技术的发展趋势，即在微生物代谢调控、功能载体创新及合成生物学等关键技术的驱动下，从经验应用到理性设计范式，从单一功能菌剂到协同微生物群落，从局部修复到系统级优化；梳理了环境工程微生物产业的发展环境与发展现状，剖析了我国产业发展在政策驱动、市场格局、技术瓶颈等方面面临的挑战。为推动我国环境工程微生物技术及产业的高质量发展、加快产业化应用，研究建议，加强基础研究，着重发展基于多组学技术的功能菌群设计、智能材料介导的微生物菌剂精准投递以及数字孪生系统促进的动态过程优化等技术方向；构建“技术 ‒ 产业 ‒ 市场”协同创新体系，推动从技术突破到产业落地的全链条发展。

The construction of human settlements in grasslands is critical for national ecological security and the stable development of ethnic minority areas in border regions. It is necessary to build a human settlement system to address challenges regarding the balance between industry and ecology as well as the coordination between development and protection of grasslands. This study proposes the concept of a human settlement system in grasslands, supporting the study of a complex system formed by factors such as human, nature, and social economy in grassland areas. It expounds on the connotative characteristics and development status of the human settlement system in grasslands and analyzes the challenges faced in constructing the system, including reconstruction of the structural order, improvement in spatial layout, creation of appropriate design theories and methods, and establishment of an appropriate low-carbon technology system. Moreover, the study establishes a research framework covering three core aspects, namely element extraction, hierarchical association, and system adaptation, and creates an evolution theory where production, life, and ecology coordinate in the dimensions of integrality and adaptability. Additionally, it advocates a new paradigm of human settlement construction in grasslands that features integration with nature, low-intensity construction, and inheritance of tradition. Furthermore, the study suggests promoting the integrated development of ecological, production, and living spaces in grassland pastoral areas, creating architectural design theories and methods that adapt to the nature, resources, and society in grassland pastoral areas, and establishing a low-carbon pastoral area construction technology system that adapts to the harsh local climate, weak economy, and rich resources of the area, thereby promoting the high-quality development of human settlements in grasslands in the new era.

The near space is crucial for national security; it is an important carrier for new combat forces and a new space domain for international cooperation and competition. By analyzing the significance of the near space, this study clarifies the new situation of near space development worldwide, summarizes the current status and existing problems of near space development in China, and proposes corresponding measures. Our research indicates that near space technologies are developing rapidly worldwide, countries around the world are continuously innovating in near space management exploration, and the global near space governance is accelerating. China leads the world in near space development in terms of technical strength, application strength, and support strength; however, it still faces some risks and challenges. Therefore, concerted efforts should be made from the following aspects: development strategy, key technology development and management, application technologies and engineering innovation, law guarantee, risk response, international governance, laboratory system construction, and talent cultivation, thereby enhancing the comprehensive competitiveness and influence of China in the field of near space.